Fluid Mechanics Hodeidah University

Final Exam Faculty of engineering

Date: May 28, 2016 Dr. Hasan Maridi
Duration: 2 hours
Answer All questions. Useful relations and constants are given in the last page.
Q1- If 5.6m3 of oil weighs 46 800 N, what is
i. the mass (m)

ii. the mass density ()

iii. the specific weight ()

iv. the specific gravity (s.g.)

Q2-
(a) What happens if the adhesive forces are stronger than the cohesive forces?

(b) The velocity distribution of a viscous liquid (dynamic viscosity  = 0.9 Ns/m2)
flowing over a fixed plate is given by u = 0.6y (u is velocity in m/s and y is the
distance from the plate in m). What are the shear stresses ()?

Q3-
(a) What depth of oil (in m), relative density 0.75, will give a gauge pressure of 275kPa

(b) In a hydrochloric piston of radius 0.5m and 5m for the small and large pistons
respectively. Find the weight and mass of a car that can be elevated if the force
exerted by the compressed air is (F1 = 600N).
Q4-
(a) What is the absolute pressure in the sea at a depth of 10m?

(b) In figure, fluid 1 is a gas (s.g.=8.6) and the fluid 2 is Benzene (s.g.=15.6). Determine
the absolute pressure at A.

Q5- A manometer is attached to a tank as shown in figure, what will be the difference in
elevation (y) of the mercury column in the manometer.

Q6-
(a) What is the pressure head, in meters of water, exerted by the atmosphere?

(b) A water pipe of radius 4cm is used to fill a 70liter bucket. If it takes 7min to fill the
bucket, what is the speed at which the water leaves the pipe?
Q7- A sphere block of wood floats in water. The radius of the sphere is 5 cm and the wood
density is 700 Kg/m3. Determine the percentage of the wood, which is not submerged.

Q8- Starting with the Bernoulli and Continuity equations, show that the following
expression gives the discharge measured by a venturimeter.

and that when a manometer is attached the discharge may be given by

Q9- A large storage tank with diameter of 10m filled with water develops a small hole in its
side at a point 16m below the water level. If the rate of flow from the leak is
2.5×10-3m3/min, determine:
(a) the speed at which the water leaves the hole
(b) the area of the hole.
(c) the time to become the level of the water at the orifice.
Q10- A 50-mm-diameter siphon is drawing oil (s.g.=0.82) from an oil reservoir, as shown
in figure. Neglecting friction, find:
(i) the discharge of oil from the siphon at point 2
(ii) the oil pressure at point 2

Constants, conversion factors, and Useful Relations

 The gravitational constant g ≈ 10 m/s2. 1liter = 10-3 m3
 water = 1000 Kg/m , mercury = 13600 Kg/m , air = 1.29 Kg/m3, seawater = 1025 Kg/m3
3 3

 Newton’s law of viscosity is where  is the shear stress and  is the dynamic viscosity
 The equation of continuity for fluids: Q=∆V/∆t=Au= constant where u is the velocity.
 The pressure P at a depth h in the fluid is given by: P = Patm +  g h
 The atmospheric pressure Patm = 1 atm = 1.01×105 Pa
 For an object with weight Wobj is partially submerged in a fluid of density ρfluid is in static
equilibrium, the buoyant force is given by B = Wobj or ρobj g Vobj = ρfluid g Vdisp
 Bernoulli equation:
Flow from a tank with cross section A through an orifice (hole) in the side with cross section
area A0 at a distance h from the surface level. The velocity at the orifice is √ and the
time takes to fall this height h is √
√