5/21/24, 2:52 PM Low-carbohydrate dietary score and the incidence of metabolically unhealthy phenotype based on BMI status: a cohort

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Volume 75, Issue 3 Low-carbohydrate dietary score and the i ....

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International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 
Volume 75, 2024 - Issue 3

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Studies in humans

Low-carbohydrate dietary score and the

incidence of metabolically unhealthy
phenotype based on BMI status: a cohort
study
Mahdieh Golzarand, Soroush Masrouri, Soroush Soraneh, Nazanin Moslehi ,
Parvin Mirmiran  & Fereidoun Azizi
Pages 325-335 | Received 07 Aug 2023, Accepted 30 Jan 2024, Published online: 25 Feb 2024

 Cite this article  https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2024.2313972

 Full Article  Figures & data  References  Supplemental  Citations

 Metrics  Reprints & Permissions Read this article

Abstract

There is scarce research focusing on the relationship between the low-carbohydrate

dietary score and the development of a metabolically unhealthy phenotype. Therefore,
this cohort study was designed to assess the association between the low-carbohydrate
dietary score and the risk of metabolically unhealthy phenotypes (MUP). This study

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09637486.2024.2313972 1/5
5/21/24, 2:52 PM Low-carbohydrate dietary score and the incidence of metabolically unhealthy phenotype based on BMI status: a cohort study: Inter…

included 1299 adults with healthy metabolic profiles who were followed for 5.9 years.
Results indicated an inverse association between the second tertile of the low-
carbohydrate dietary score and the risk of developing metabolically unhealthy obesity
(MUO) (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59–0.98). In addition, we found an inverse association
between the healthy low-carbohydrate dietary score and the risk of MUO (HR: 0.77, 95%
CI: 0.60–0.99). Our results revealed a nonlinear inverse association between the low-
carbohydrate dietary score and the risk of MUP only in subjects with overweight or
obesity. This relationship was independent of animal protein and fat intake. Also, we
found that a lower intake of unhealthy carbohydrates was associated with a lower risk of
MUP only in subjects with overweight or obesity.
 Keywords: Carbohydrates metabolic syndrome metabolic health unhealthy phenotype cohort study

Ethics statement

This study was conducted according to the Helsinki declaration ethics, written consent
was obtained from all participants and the ethical committee of Shahid Beheshti
University of Medical Sciences approved the study.

Authors’ contribution

MG, SM and SS designed and conducted research; MG and NM analysed data; and MG,
SM and SS wrote this article. PM and FA had primary responsibility for final content. All
authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

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5/21/24, 2:52 PM Low-carbohydrate dietary score and the incidence of metabolically unhealthy phenotype based on BMI status: a cohort study: Inter…

Additional information
Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this
article.

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