Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Extended Chords
Extended Chords
Extended Chords
EXTENDED CHORDS:
THE NINTH, ELEVENTH, AND THIRTEENTH
Artists in Residence: Barbara Hendricks and Walter Gieseking
Chapter Objectives
In Chapter 5, we studied how the triad can be extended to form a seventh chord. As you
probably realize by now, seventh chords are found extensively in all music, whether it be
classical, jazz, folk, musical theater, or popular. With the rise in prominence of jazz in the
early 20th century, classical composers became increasingly interested in extending the
triad beyond the seventh. Play the following progression on the guitar or piano.
G: I IV ii V vi V7/IV IV I
G C A- D E- G7 C G
C maj 9 C maj 11
G
www
A- D 13
www
E- G7
www G
BACKSTAGE PASS
examples of impressionistic art. As you are viewing the paintings, play La Mer by Debussy
in the background. Do you feel a sense of blurring of the musical structure? Is the tonic
VIDEO
pitch as clear as it once was in earlier music? How does this musical blending carry over
TR ACK 1 into the images you see?
NINTH CHORDS
Any seventh chord can be extended to become a ninth chord; however, it is most common
to see the ninth on the supertonic, subdominant, and dominant chord. Only three pos-
sible ninth chords—the diatonic ninth, lowered ninth, and raised ninth—exist in both
popular and classical music. The example on the following staff illustrates all of the
possibilities for 9th chords built on the dominant, including lead sheet symbols. Unless
specifically notated in the chord symbol, the extensions will all be diatonic in relation to
the key of the song or composition.
ARTIST IN RESIDENCE
Barbara Hendricks:
Curious Student, Scholar, Philanthropist, and Artist
The home page of Barbara Hendricks’s website shows a striking African American woman
with the quote, “I was born curious.” How does this curiosity carry over into famous opera
singer Barbara Hendricks’s professional life? Raised in a small town in Arkansas, Hen-
dricks was determined to make something of herself. She studied both mathematics and
chemistry in college before graduating at the age of 20! That in itself is a huge accomplish-
ment, only to be eclipsed by her acceptance at Juilliard in the same year. After studying at
Juilliard, Hendricks became one of the most sought after opera singers of her generation.
In a quick glance at her discography, it is easy to see that Hendricks’s curiosity led her to
study and perform in a wide variety of genres. She has made more than eighty recordings
of various works, including art songs, lieder, jazz, and opera.
Hendricks has sung in the premier opera houses across the globe, but it is perhaps of her
humanitarian effort that she is the most dedicated and proud. In recognition of her commit-
ment to serving refugees, in 2002 she was named Honorary Goodwill Ambassador for Life by
the United Nations Refugee Agency. According to the agency website, “In 1998 she founded
the Barbara Hendricks Foundation for Peace and Reconciliation to personalize her struggle
for the prevention of conflicts in the world and to facilitate reconciliation and enduring peace
where conflicts have already occurred.” Beyond her success in music, Hendricks is determined
to make the world a better place with her artistic performances and humanitarian efforts.
E extended ninth chords, and each example provides excellent illustrations of impressionistic
compositional techniques. What is the harmonic function of the chords analyzed with lead
VIDEO
TR ACKS
sheet symbols? Pay careful attention to the difference between the extended triads and the
2 AND 3 added note chords. Seventh chords are also used extensively in these two examples, so take
a few minutes to complete a lead sheet analysis of each excerpt. How is Fauré’s use of the
seventh chord different from that of, say, Mozart?
Barbara Hendricks, Fauré’s “Après un Rêve”
Eb
9 9 (add9)
G C
f
œ œœ œ œ œ œ
17
œ œ ˙ bœ œ œ #œ
& b 43 œ œ œ
3 3
Tu m’ap - pe - lais et je quit- tais la ter - re Pour m’en - fuir a - vec
& b 43 gg œœ œœœ œœœ œœœ œœœœ œœœœ œœœ œœœ œœœ œœœ œœ œœ œœœ œœœ œœœ œœœ œœœ œœœ b œœ œœ œœ œœ b œœ œœ
gg œ nœ œ œ œ œœ œœ b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
g F
? 3 ˙. ˙.
b 4 ˙. ˙.
˙. ˙. ˙. ˙.
p 3
. j
21
&b œ œ œ œ nœ œ œ œ
3
J nœ œ œ ˙. œ œ œ œ Jœ
3 3
toi vers la lu - miè - re; Les ciux pour
&b œ œ œ œ
3
œ œ
#œ œ œ bœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ #œ
nous, en - tr’ou -vraient leurs nu - es, Splen - deurs in - con - nu - es, lu -
&b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
3
eurs di - vi - nes en - tre vu - es… Hé
& b b œœ œœ œœ œœ n œœ œœ # œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
?b ˙ ˙ œ
œ ˙ œ
˙ œ
Translation: You called me and I left the earth to run away with you towards the light. The skies
opened their clouds for us, Unknown splendours, divine flashes glimpsed.
# œ
3
œ
dolce
œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ #œ œ œ ˙ ˙
& c œ œ ˙
J’ai - me tes yeus, j’ai - me ton front, O ma re - belle, ô ma fa - rou - che,
# œ
& c ‰ œœ ‰ œœ ‰ œ œœ ‰ œ œœ ‰ œ œœ ‰ œ # œœ ‰ œ n œ # œ ‰ œ œœ
œœ œœ œ œ œ œ œ
?# c ˙ ˙ #˙ #˙ ˙
˙ w
p
11
# ∑ ∑ ∑ ˙ œ. œ
& J
J’ai - me ta
# œ œ œ œ
& œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œœ ‰ œ b œœ
œ˙ œ œ˙ œ œ˙ œ œ˙ œ œ
p
?# w œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ n˙
ww
w œ
& œ nœ œ nœ œ œ bœ w bœ œ œ ˙
voix, j’ai - me l’é - tran- ge Grâ - ce de tout ce que tu dis, O ma re - belle,
# ‰
& b œœ ‰ œœ ‰ bœ ‰ bœ ‰
œ n œœ
‰
b œœ
‰ bœ ‰ œ
bœ œ œ œ œ
œ bœ œ œ bœ bœ n œ bœ œ œ œ œ œ b œ
? # b˙ b˙ n˙ ˙ #˙ ˙
n˙ b˙
f
19
# œ œ bœ œ. j œ nœ bœ œ œ w
& œ nœ bœ
ô mon cher an - ge, Mon en - fer et mon pa - ra - dis!
# ‰ b œœ ‰ œ # œœ ‰ n œ b œœ ‰ b œ œœ ‰ œœ ‰ # œ
& œœ œ œ œ
#œ œ œ #œ œ
F
? # b˙ n˙ n˙ ˙
n˙ #˙
Translation: I love your eyes, I love your forehead, oh my rebellious and fierce one.
I love your eyes, I love your mouth on which my kisses will tire themselves out.
I love your voice, I love the strange gracefulness of everything you say,
oh my rebellious one, my dear angel, my hell and my paradise!
ARTIST IN RESIDENCE
Listen to Gieseking’s performance of Prelude No. 4, Op. 28, by Claude Debussy. The
EBSIT
W
extended triads are labeled for you in the score below. Take a few minutes and try to com-
E
plete a lead sheet analysis for the first two measures. Why would it be difficult to complete
a Roman numeral analysis for this piece?
VIDEO
Walter Gieseking, Debussy’s Prelude No. 4 from Book I, Op. 28 TR ACK 4
Modéré ( q = 84)
b œ œœ œ. œ.
(harmonieux et souple) 9
B
### 3 œ œ b œœœ œ œ
& 4 Œ œœœ œ bœ Œ Œ œœœ œ bœœœ œ œ Œ œ œ Œ
œ œ π m.d.
( 54 ) π . .
Œ œœ œb n œœœœ Œ Œ œœ œ bn œœœœ œ œ. œ. n œ
? # # # 43 œ œ œ n b b œœœœ # n # n œœœœ b b n œœœ
œ œ œ nœ Œ Œ
. . .
7( b 9)
F#-
9
. n œœ. b œœ.
B
###
Œ n œ n œ œ b œ œ n œ b œœ # œ. œ œœ. . . œ
4
& œ œ Œ œœ Œ nœ nœ œ bœ # œ n b œœ œœ œ
J # œœ. œ. . J
. m.d. . .
œ n œ b ˙˙ ˙
b b n n œœœœ b ˙˙˙ ˙˙˙˙ ...
? # # # n œœœ n b œœœ # n # œœœœ b b n œœœ ˙˙
b œ n .
Œ nœ Œ Œ Œ nœ Œ œ Œ Œ Œ nœ Œ nœ Œ
.
. . .
En animant un peu
œ #œ œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .
9
### # ˙ œœ œ n œœ # œ œœ œ ˙ œœ œ n œœ œ œœ œ œ
& Œ œ #œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ # ˙œ œ œ
p m.d. pm.d. F- # œ œ
- expressif -
# ˙˙ ... œœ n œœ œœ # ˙˙ ... œœ n œœ œœ n ˙˙ .
? # # # n # ˙˙ . œœ n œœ œœ # ˙˙ . œœ n œœ œœ n ˙ ..
˙. ˙. œ œ
˙. ˙. Œ œ œ ‰
J
√ En. retenant
. . œ
a tempo
. # œ . œ égal et doux
14
### œ . œ œ œ
& ‰ n œœ # œ œ # œ œ ‰ # œ œ œ œ œ Œ Œ œ #œ œ œ #œ œ œ
œ #œ œ #œ #œ p dim. #œ œ œ #œ œ œ
π
˙. n˙. n œœ œœ œœ
? # # # # ˙˙ .. n ˙˙ .. & œ # œ œ œ ∑ ? œ nœ œ
œ œ # œ # œ œ
Œ œ œ ‰ Œ œ œ en dehors
J
Extended Chords: The Ninth, Eleventh, and Thirteenth |OL1-7
ELEVENTH AND THIRTEENTH CHORDS
The following chart shows the most common eleventh and thirteenth chords in the context
of G major/minor.1 It is important to note that not all chord members beyond the seventh
need to be notated in order to label the chord as an extended triad. Also, notice that there
is no diatonic eleventh added to the dominant seventh chord and the ♯11 is used instead.
Why do you think that most composers opt for the ♯11?
# #
D maj 11 D- 11 D ª11 D 7 11 D μ 11
# www www w # www w
#
& # www www b wwwww # www b b wwwww
!
D maj 13 D- 13 D 13 D 7 13
www www www b www
& # # wwww www
w # wwww # wwww
using one of the conventional six-four chords from chapter 8!) By measure 31, the harmonic
rhythm speeds up, and a succession of seventh chords and triads push toward the final
VIDEO
TR ACK 5
cadence in measure 36. The triads notated in measures 34 and 35 are not extended triads
because the seventh of the chord is not present.
Barbara Hendricks, Fauré’s “Automne”
p
# # # # 12
28 meno
j œ œJ œ . œ œ œ œ œ œ .
& 8 ˙. Œ. œ œ œ. J J J˙
Re - fleu - rir en bou - quets les ro - ses dé - li é -
##
& # # 12
8 œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ œœœ œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
? # # # # 12
8 #œ.
jœ j j
œ œ œ nœ œ œ ˙. Ó. Ó. Œ. Œ œj
#œ. œ œ nœ œ œ ˙. œ
#### cresc.
j
œ œ.
31
Œ. Œ. #œ œ œ
& œ. J #œ. œ.
es, Et mon - ter à mes yeux des
##
& # # œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ ‹ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‹œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ # œ ‹œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ # œ ‹œ œ œ œ œ
poco
œ j j
a poco
j >œ
cresc.
j j j
? #### œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ
œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ
> >
1
Although there are exceptions, triad extensions beyond the ninth are typically used on triads that are domi-
nant in function. Often composers and artists call these chords altered dominants—meaning that the chord
includes pitches that are not diatonic and/or contain borrowed pitches from the parallel key.
j œ. œ œ
33 sempre al fine D
& œ œ nœ œ œ. œ œ J nœ
J J J
lar - mes, qu’en mon coeur Mes vingt ans a - vaient ou - bli -
# ##
& # œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ n œ œœ œ n œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ nœ œ œ œ œ
f
? #### œ j j
#œ. œ. j
œ œ œ œ #œ. nœ. œ
> œ œ œ #œ. #œ. œ . nœ. n œ . œ
> > > nœ. œ œ
C#
no3rd (add9)
35
#### ˙ . w.
& #˙.
é - es!
>œ
# ## œ >˙ .
& # # œœ œ œœ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
J J
œ œ œ # œ œ œ œ œ œ sempre f
œ œ œ œ œ # œ œ œ œœ
? #### œ œ œ œ œ œ œ #œ œ J ‰ ‰
w.
w. œ
E
more difficult tasks of recognizing the extended chord is to determine the root. This piece
is written in the key of E major, and the pitches can be arranged in such a manner to be
based on the dominant. While it would be easy to eliminate the F♯ as a passing tone, the VIDEO
TR ACK 6
other pitches are all functioning as part of the chord. Listen to Gieseking’s performance of
this piece as you follow along with the score.
Walter Gieseking, Debussy’s “Arabesque No. 1” from Deux Arabesques
Andantino con moto
#### œœœœœœ
13 13
œ œ œ œ œœ
B B
## œ œ œ œ
œ˙ œ œ˙ œ
3
& ## c
3 3 3
?
œ œœ
œœ œ œ œœ œœ
œ
rit.
# ## œ œ ˙ œ œœ
œ œ œœ œœœœœœ œ
4 a tempo 3
& # œœ œ œœ Œ œ œ
π
3 3
3 3 3 3
œ œ œ
3
œ œ œ œ œ
? # # # # œ˙ œ œ˙ œœ œ
& œ œ œ œ œ œ
?
œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ
3 3 3
3
7
#### 3
‰ œœœœœœ œ 3
3
3
? #### œœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ
string.
####
11 3
˙ #œ œ œ
3
& ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ
œ œ
sempre cresc.
œ
? #### œ œ œ
œ œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ #œ
œ œ #œ
rit. a tempo
#### œ œ œ. œ œ. œ œ. œ- n ˙ œ œ œ œ Jœ- œ-
14
˙ œ J
& œ J J J
œ #œ
3
p 3
œ œ œ
? #### œ #œ œ œ œ 3
œ œ
& œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ
nœ
#œ #œ
EBSIT
While extended triads are found throughout music from the Impressionistic Era and
W
beyond, they are even more prevalent in jazz music. It is, after all, jazz that influenced the
E
French composers to experiment with extended triads. Listen to Bernadette Peters’s perfor-
mance of “My Romance” on the YouTube channel. Most of the chords are extended to the
VIDEO
TR ACK 7 seventh; however, a few of the chords are extended to the ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth.
The notation for each of the extended triads is listed below the score. How do the extended
triads create a sense of dissonance?
Bernadette Peters, Hart and Rodgers’s “My Romance”
# 11
Cmaj 7 C 7 F F maj 7 F maj 7/E D- 7 D-7/C B-7 B!9
œ œ œ œ
24
œ œ œ
& ˙. œ œ ˙. œ œ œ
frain. Wide a - wake I can make my most fan - tas - tic dreams comF
& ˙. w ˙. Œ
true; My Ro - mance does - n’t need a thing but you.
B !13
b www
& b www
bw
A-9
www
& ww
B ! # 11
Nw
& b wwww
bw
A !9
b b bb wwwww
&
EXERCISES
I. Notate the chords on the staff when given the lead sheet symbol.
&
DM9 G7M 11
#
Eº 9 Bb13 E
ø 11
?
B
ø 11 A9 F #7m11 G9 Eb(add9)
&
C #13
# M11
C7 D 7m9 F 7 b13 F b7M13
II. Given the pitches on the staff, provide the appropriate lead sheet symbol. The
key is given as a guide in order to determine altered tones.
wwww
? ## w
bb b b ∫ wwwwww b w
b ww #
b wwww # # # wwwwww
# wwww b w
D: Bb : F: Amin: C #min:
bbb n wwwwww bb
w # www wwwwww ### ‹ ww
& b n wwww ww w # wwww
Eb : Gmin: G: C: F #min:
OL1-12| Exercises
www w
? ## www # n wwww www
b ww #### n wwww w
w b # # # wwwww
D: Emin: F: B: Amin:
ANALYSIS
I. Complete a lead sheet analysis for the measures indicated by each musical
example. Be sure to correctly identify any extended triads. Do not attempt a
Roman numeral analysis.
EBSIT
E
Debussy, La Cathédrale Engloutie (“The Sunken Cathedral”) (measures 1 and 3)
√ √
Profondément calme (Dans une brume doucement sonore)
ww . œ œœ œœ ww . œ œœ œœ
VIDEO
w .. œœ œœ œœ œ œ .
w . œœ œœ œœ œ œ
TR ACK 8
6
&4 Œ œ œ Œ œ œ
( 32 ) π œ œœ œœ œ œœ œœ
?6 Œ œœ œœ œ Œ . . - Œ œœ œœ œ Œ . . -
4 w. ww .. œ
ww . œ œ ˙ ww .. ww . œ ˙
. w. w. w .. œ œ
*) Doux et fluide
√ œ ˙- œ ˙- #˙
ww .
. œœ œœ œœ ˙ ˙w # ˙ w˙ #˙
#˙
. œ œ ˙ œ ˙ ˙ w- w-
5
& wŒ œœœ œœ œ œ
œ
? Œ œœ œœ œ & œ #˙ #˙ #˙
ww .. œ œ œ -̇ œ -̇ ˙ ˙w- # ˙ w˙
- #˙
w.
*)
˙w # ˙ ˙ ˙ # w˙ # ˙ w˙ ˙ # ˙˙ # w˙ ˙ ww ..
# ˙˙ ˙˙ w- w- # ˙ # ˙˙
9
w ˙ w- w.
& - - -
π
Œ Œ -
#˙ #˙ #˙ ˙
& ˙w ## ˙˙ # ˙˙ ˙˙ ## w˙˙ # ˙
˙
w˙ # ˙ ## ˙˙˙ # ˙˙ # w-˙
w. ? ˙œ .
- # -˙ ˙ - - #˙ -
˙ ww .. œ ˙
œ œ ˙
œœ œ Peu à peu sortant de la brume
ww . œœ œ œœ œ œœ œœ œœ œ # # œœœ # # œœœ œ
œœ œœ
14
. œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ
.
& wŒ œœ œœ œ
? Œ # œ #œ #œ ? œ
& # œœ œ
œ œœ #œ &
π (sans nuances) sempre π
Œ
? œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œ œœ œœ œ œœ # œ # œœ œ
3
3 3
œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œœ œ œœœ œ œ
ww .. ww .. œ# œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
w. w. w
3
3 3
Exercises |OL1-13
W EBSIT
E
Ravel, “Pavane pour une Infante Défunte” (measures 1–3, 6–7, and 11–12)
VIDEO
TR ACK 9
Assez doux, mais d'une sonorité large ( q = 54)
#
& c ˙ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œœ œ œœ œ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
p œ. . .
?# c Œ œ
œ. ‰ ‰ . ‰ œ ‰ œ< ‰ ‰ œ ‰ Œ œ̄ ‰ œ̄ ‰ œ̄ ‰ œ ‰ ‰ œ ‰ œ ‰
œ. œ
<
- --
Cédez En mesure
5
#
& œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ ‰ œœœœœ œœ œœ ‰œ ˙Œ Ó œ œœ œ œ œ
œ
˙ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ
œœœœ œœœœ œ œ œ‰œ ‰œ œœœ œ œœ œœœ œ
œ . . . œ
F p
.
œ Œ œ œœœœ œ
? # œ. ‰ ‰ ‰ œ. ‰ ‰ Œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ
œ œ œœ
œ. ˙ w ‰ œœ œœ ˙˙
J
un peu retenu
. . - En élargissant
# ‰ - - -
œœ ‰ œœœ œœ
10
& ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
- -
‰ œ œ œœ œœ œ œ ˙˙
‰ œ
. . . - < < -f - 3- -
Œ π œ
? # œÓ œ œ œœ œ œ #œ
œ œ ˙˙
œ œ œ œ Œ œ œœ ˙
- ˙
< < < < - -
EBSIT
W
VIDEO
TR ACK 10 Billie Holiday, “Prelude to a Kiss” (measures 7–12). Songwriter: Duke Ellington
7
j j
œ œj œ œ œ
3
& c œ bœ nœ #œ nœ #œ nœ #œ nœ œ œ œj ˙
If you hear a song in blue like a flow - er cry - ing for the dew
j ˙ ˙ b œ. j 3
? c #˙ n˙ œ. œœ ˙˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ
˙ ˙ œ.
˙ œ. œ ˙
J
OL1-14| Exercises
j j œj # œj œ j j
11 3
œ
3
& œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ J Jœ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙.
That was my heart ser - e - nad - ing you My pre - lude to a kiss
3
œ œ ˙
3
II. The lead sheet symbols, along with the melody, are given for the jazz standards
“A Cottage for Sale” and “Cheek to Cheek.” Using the staff paper below, cor-
rectly notate each chord for the lead sheet symbol given.
EBSIT
E
Judy Garland, “A Cottage for Sale.” Songwriters: Willard Robison and Larry Conley
E ! maj 7 G7
VIDEO
b 4 œ œ œ œ œJ œ nœ œ œ œ œ. j
TR ACK 11
& b b 4 œJ œ œ
J
Ou r lit - tle dream cas - tle with ev - ’ry dream gone is
!9 !9
C7 F ª7 B !7 G- 7 C7
b œ b œ œ œ . œj œ œ œ œ œ œ œj
& b b œ œ b œ œ œJ œ
3
œ
J œ J
lone - ly and si - lent. The shades are all drawn, and my heart is heav - y as
maj 7
F-7 B !7 F7 B !7 E! F- 7 B! 7 E ! maj 7
6
b bb Œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ
& œ œ œœ ˙ .
œ J J J
I gaze up - on a cot - tage for sale. The lawn we were proud of is
!9 !9
G7 C7 Fª 7 B !7
b . j
& b b n œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ b œ œ œJ œ Jœ œ œ b œ œ œ . œj
10
wav - ing in hay; our beau - ti - ful gar - den has with - ered a - way. Where
maj 7
G- 7 C7 F- 7 B !7 F7 B!7 E!
b j
13
& b b œ œ œ œ œJ œ œ œ œ œœ ˙ Œ œ œ œ œ w
you plant - ed ros - es, the weeds seem to say, “A cot - tage for sale.”
Exercises |OL1-15
Judy Garland, “A Cottage for Sale.” Songwriters: Willard Robison and Larry Conley (continued)
E ! maj 7 G7
b 4
&bb 4
Ou r lit - tle dream cas - tle with ev - ’ry dream gone is
!9 !9
C7 F ª7 B !7 G- 7 C7
3
b
&bb
lone - ly and si - lent. The shades are all drawn, and my heart is heav - y as
maj 7
F-7 B !7 F7 B !7 E! F- 7 B! 7 E ! maj 7
6
b
&bb
I gaze up - on a cot - tage for sale. The lawn we were proud of is
!9 !9
G7 C7 Fª 7 B !7
10
b
&bb
wav - ing in hay; our beau - ti - ful gar - den has with - ered a - way. Where
maj 7
G- 7 C7 F- 7 B !7 F7 B!7 E!
b
13
&bb
you plant - ed ros - es, the weeds seem to say, “A cot - tage for sale.”
EBSIT
W
VIDEO
TR ACK 12 Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, “Cheek to Cheek.” Songwriter: Irving Berlin
# 11
Cmaj 7 D-7 E !μ7 C maj 7/E B !7 A7
œ œ œ œ œ w ˙ œ œ
&œ œ œ
heart beats so that I can hard - ly speak, and I
cares that hung a - round me thru the week seem to
OL1-16| Exercises
#
D-7 G7 B !7 11 A7
&œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ w œ Œ œ œ
seem to find the hap - pi ness I seek when we’re
van - ish like a gamb - ler's luck - y streak
1. 2.
maj 7
D-7 G7 C A-7 D-7 G7
j j j j j ∑ ..
& œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œj œj œj
œ
w
œ
out to - geth - er danc - ing cheek to cheek.
# 11
Cmaj 7 D-7 E !μ7 C maj 7/E B !7 A7
&
heart beats so that I can hard - ly speak, and I
cares that hung a - round me thru the week seem to
#
D-7 G7 B !7 11 A7
&
seem to find the hap - pi ness I seek when we’re
van - ish like a gamb - ler's luck - y streak
1. 2.
maj 7
D-7 G7 C A-7 D-7 G7
& ∑ ..
out to - geth - er danc - ing cheek to cheek.
Exercises |OL1-17
THE FINAL NOTE: REAL-WORLD PERSPECTIVE
Barbara Hendricks
I N T E R N AT I O N A L O P E R A S TA R
Has the study of music theory and musicianship helped you in your career?
If so, how?
Oh yes, of course! I didn’t start studying music theory until I entered Juilliard, after I com-
pleted my degrees in mathematics and chemistry at the University of Nebraska. I always
considered myself a good student, and there I was in the remedial music theory courses at
If you had one bit of advice for an aspiring opera singer, what would it be?
You have to love what you do. It is also very important to know why you want to do it. It
can be that you love wearing nice dresses and love the applause, but you must be clear to
yourself on what that is. Be honest about that. I was lucky to study with someone who was
a true artist, one who was always in observance of her art. Having her as a role model made
it very possible for me to stand for what I believe. It made it easier for me to make choices
for my life and career. Love what you do and know why you do it.
In a world full of input and media on who you are supposed to be and how you are
supposed to behave, holding on to your real values is what makes it possible to make good
life choices.
I would also tell students to be versatile and be open to all types of musical experi-
ences and repertoire. I found that, especially after a certain age, nobody wants you to sing
Susannah anymore. You have to be curious and versatile so that you are not dependent
on singing your standard opera roles until you reach retirement. That may not happen
depending on the roles you are singing. Jenny Tourel was a big influence on my listening
to all types of music. I went to the theater and dance productions almost more than I went
to the opera. That curiosity and versatility is something that will carry you much further
than being in one little box.
PHOTO CREDITS
p. OL1-1 (left): © Jan Persson/Lebrecht Music & Arts/Corbis; (right): Courtesy of Library of
Congress (LC-USZ62-105229); p. OL1-18: Uri Sharf (CC BY 2.0)
MUSIC CREDITS
(alphabetical by song title)
Cheek To Cheek
Words and Music by Irving Berlin
© Copyright 1935 by Irving Berlin
Copyright Renewed
This arrangement © Copyright 2014 by the Estate of Irving Berlin
International Copyright Secured All Rights Reserved
Reprinted by Permission of Hal Leonard Corporation
My Romance
from JUMBO
Words by Lorenz Hart
Music by Richard Rodgers
Copyright © 1935 by Williamson Music and Lorenz Hart Publishing Co.
Copyright Renewed
This arrangement Copyright © 2014 by Williamson Music and Lorenz Hart Publishing Co.
All Rights in the United States Administered by Williamson Music, a Division of Rodgers &
Hammerstein: an Imagem Company
All Rights outside of the United States Administered by Universal-PolyGram International
Publishing, Inc.
International Copyright Secured All Rights Reserved
Reprinted by Permission of Hal Leonard Corporation
Prelude To A Kiss
Words by Irving Gordon and Irving Mills
Music by Duke Ellington
Copyright © 1938 Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC and EMI Mills Music Inc. in the U.S.A.
Copyright Renewed
This arrangement Copyright © 2014 Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC and EMI Mills Music
Inc. in the U.S.A.
All Rights on behalf of Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC Administered by Sony/ATV Music
Publishing LLC, 424 Church Street, Suite 1200, Nashville, TN 37219