Sensitized

Materials
Sensitized Materials
It refers to films and photographic
papers composed of an emulsion
containing silver halide crystals in
gelatin and coated in transparent or
reflective support.

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 ⮚THIN COAT OF ANIMAL GELATIN
Film Layers ⮚ emulsion
⮚anti-halation backing
⮚base
A durable, protective layer
Radiation, the light-sensitive layer
 A sheet of celluloid is used as a base for sensitive
photographic material. Prevent light from passing through
the emulsion and being reflected by the base back to the
emulsion, forming a “halo.”
They serve to support the emulsion
CHARACTERISTICS OF BLACK AND WHITE FILM

GRANULARITY EMULSION SPEED SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY

EMULSION SPEED
• It is determined by the degree of sensitivity of an emulsion to light which is known as light
sensitivity.
• Film’s sensitivity to light.
• The higher the film speed, the greater the sensitivity to light exposure.
 INDICATORS OF EMULSION SPEED

01 02 03

ASA DIN ISO

American Standards (Deutche Industri (International
Association) rating. Normen) rating.
Standard
This is expressed in This is expressed in
Arithmetical value. Logarithmic value. Organization)
 Spectral sensitivity describes
how sensitive a sensor/film is to
each wavelength in the visible
spectrum
Sensitive to ultraviolet rays and
blue light only
Sensitive to ultraviolet rays and all
visible light

Sensitive to ultraviolet rays,

visible light, and infra-red rays
GRANULARITY
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
Digital photography’s universal format is its greatest
advantage in that image can easily be transferred to
multiple devices and applications
 DIGITAL CAMERAS OFFER FEATURES
LIKE
01 02 03

a. Instant color c. Video d.

preview
b. Computer output Detachable
connectivity
lenses
 Camera’s Sensor
CCD – Charged Couple Device

CMOS – Complementary
Metal Oxide Semiconductor
 CCD CMOS

Less sensor Noise Faster read time

Used in scientific Cheaper to produce

instruments,
barcode scanner,
desktop scanner Used in cameras,
camcorders
 01 02

HOW SENSOR Filters only allow

light of that color to
Charge build up in
each filter
RECORD THE enter the
photosensitive pixel
LIGHT
• Developing
• Stop-bath
• Fixation
• Washing
1. DEVELOPMENT/DEVELOPING

It is the process by
which an invisible latent
image in an emulsion is
made visible.
2. STOP BATH
Halts the developer’s action
at the appropriate moment.
It also prevents the
contamination of developer
and fixer from each other.
3. FIXATION
A fixer makes the development
image permanent when followed
by a thorough washing. In this
processing stage, the unexposed
undeveloped silver halides crystals
are dissolved and removed from
the emulsion of the photographic
paper
4. WASHING
Contact printing

Projection
Printing /
Enlarging

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