Computer Fundamentals

How to use this Module?
ICT INFORMATION AND

COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
Before you start answering the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will
disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!
 Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this
module.
 Knowing the skills needed is important to develop and keep in mind.
 Perform all the provided activities in the module.
 Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
Computer Fundamentals
 Enjoy studying!
Guide Icons
Grade 7 Module
What I Need to Know
My Activity
Table of Contents
LESSON 1
History of Computers
LESSON 2
Generation of Computers
LESSON 3
Elements of Computer
LESSON 4
Data Processing Cycle
LESSON 5
Input Devices
Photo from www.uihere.com
LESSON 6
Processing Device
LESSON 7
Output Devices
Lesson 1
History of Computers
09162531005 Jayr faigao lfaigaojr@gmail.com
Definition of Computer
Before 1935, a computer was a person who performed arithmetic calculations.
Between 1935 and 1945 the definition referred to a machine, rather than a person. The
modern machine definition is based on von Neumann's concepts: a device that accepts
input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. (History of computing)
Computing Brief History

Article source: Zimmermann,2017,<https://www.livescience.com/20718-computer-history.html>
In the beginning, humanity has used devices to aid in computation for millennia.
One of the earliest machines to perform arithmetic calculation was the Chinese abacus,
invented 5000 years ago.
The Zhusuan, or China’s abacus, was

doing the math long before the electronic
calculator was invented. (CNTV)
http://en.people.cn/90782/8466342.html
In 1622, William Oughtred invented the Slide Rule. It is a manual device used for
calculation that consists in its simple form of a ruler and a movable middle piece which
are graduated with similar logarithmic scales.
Slide rules were once ubiquitous in the
sciences and engineering. For 300 years,
they were the dominant tool for calculation,
until the calculator was invented. (Morris
2014)

In the 1600’s, a man named Blaise Pascal was working with his father who was
then a judge. It was the job of Blaise to count the money collected by his father from the
court. Every time he makes a mistake, he had to start counting all over again. Because
of this, he invented a counting machine. This machine could count faster than the
abacus. It could add and subtract long numbers without making a mistakes. He called it
the “Pascaline” which he named after him.
The Pascaline, or Arithmetic Machine, was a

French monetary (nondecimal) calculator
designed by Blaise Pascal about 1642.
Numbers could be added by turning the
wheels (located along the bottom of the
machine) clockwise and subtracted by turning
the wheels counterclockwise. Each digit in the
answer was displayed in a separate window,
visible at the top of the photograph.
(britanica.com)
Courtesy of the Computer Museum History
Center
Around 1670, a German mathematician named Gottfried Leibniz invented

another counting machine which he called “Leibniz Calculator”. This machine works
better than the Abacus and Pascaline because it could add, subtract, multiply and
divide. And it could also find the square root of numbers.
The mechanism of the machine is 67 cm long,

27 wide and 17 cm high and is housed in a big
oak case with dimensions 97/30/25 cm.
(history of computers.com)
A replica of the Stepped Reckoner of Leibniz
form 1923 (original is in the Hannover
Landesbibliothek)
In 1801, a French weaver found a

way to weave good looking clothes faster. His name was Joseph-Marie Jacquard. He
invented the first automatic weaving loom that follows instructions from a punched card.
The punched card was the machine’s pattern you follow to makes designs. In this
machine, the instructions were punched in a card which was fed into the machine. He
called it the “Jacquard’s Automatic Loom”.

Joseph Marie Jacquard saw that a
mechanism could be developed for the
production of sophisticated patterns. He
possibly combined mechanical elements of
other inventors, but certainly innovated.
(wikipidea.org)
Stephencdickson - Own work
A Jacquard loom showing information
punchcards, National Museum of Scotland
And by 1837 the first mechanical

punch-card based computer was born. The analytical engine so called difference
engine, was designed by an English mathematician Charles Babbage. He designed the
Analytical Engine and it was his design that the basic framework of the computers of
today are based on. Since he came up with this great idea, he was called the “Father of
Modern Computer”.
The Analytical Engine was a proposed

mechanical general-purpose computer
designed by English mathematician and
computer pioneer Charles Babbage. It was
first described in 1837 as the successor to
Babbage's difference engine, a design for a
simpler mechanical computer.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/)
Photo credit to: Bruno Barral
By 1880, the U.S. population had

grown so large that it took more than seven years to tabulate the U.S. Census results.
The government sought a faster way to get the job done, giving rise to punch-card
based computers that took up entire rooms.
The tabulating machine was an

electromechanical machine designed to assist in
summarizing information stored on punched
cards. Invented by Herman Hollerith, the machine
was developed to help process data for the 1890
U.S. Census.
Adam Schuster - Flickr: Proto IBM
Replica of early w:Hollerith punched card
tabulator and sorting box (right) at w:Computer
History Museum
The computer was born not for
entertainment or email but out of a need to solve a serious number-crunching crisis.

Activity 1
Name/Pangalan:___________________________________
Parent/Guardian:__________________________________
What is a computer?
Directions/Panuto: Write inside the box the definition of computer based on your
own understanding.
Before 1935:
Modern definition:

Activity 2
HISTOCROSSWORD
Directions/Panuto: Solve the puzzle below by supplying the correct answer.
4 3
Down:
1. Charles Babbage made this machine
4. Invented by Pascal
Across:
1. The first computing device invented by Chinese
2. Invented by Leibnitz
3. Jacquard invented this machine
5.Herman Hollerith invented this machine.
Reflection:
1. What are the new concepts that you have learnt?
2. What changes will you personally make because of these new concepts?
Concerns/Clarification/Reaction/Comments:
Lesson 2
Generation of Computers
Generations of Computers
Article source: Beal, 2019, The five generation of computers, <https://www.webopedia.com >
Computers can be classified into five generations. Each generation lasted for a
certain period of time, and each gave us either a new and improved computer or an
improvement to the existing computer. Each one of the five generations of computers is
characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the
way computers operate. Most major developments from the 1940's to present day have
resulted in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient computing
devices.
First Generation: Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956)
The first computer systems used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums
for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. These computers were
very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, the first
computers generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.
Vacuum Tubes - consist of a glass bulb

and wire. The wire is used to carry data
in the form of electronic signals.
Image from: en.wikipedea.org
Examples of first-generation computing devices are ENIAC and UNIVAC

computers. The Electronic Numerical Integrated Calculator (ENIAC) is the world first
electronic, large scale, general-purpose computers, built by Mauchly and Eckert, and
activated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1946. The Universal Automatic
Computer (UNIVAC) was the first commercial computer delivered to a business client,
the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.

Glen Beck (background) and Betty Snyder (foreground) program ENIAC in BRL building 328.
(U.S. Army photo, ca. 1947-1955), from Wikipedea.com
A UNIVAC computer at the Census Bureau.
Image Source: United States Census Bureau
Second Generation: Transistors (1956-1963)

The world would see transistors replace vacuum tubes in the second generation
of computers. The transistor was invented at Bell Labs in 1947 but did not see
widespread use in computers until the late 1950s.
The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to
become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-
generation predecessors. Though the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that
subjected the computer to damage, it was a vast improvement over the vacuum tube.

Transistor - a semiconductor device with
three connections, capable of amplification
in addition to rectification.
Image from: en.wikipedea.org
The TRADIC (for TRAnsistor DIgital Computer or TRansistorized Airborne DIgital

Computer) was the first transistorized computer in the USA, completed in 1954.
(Wikipedia). The computer was built by Jean Howard Felker at Bell Labs for the United
States Air Force, intended as a prototype for aircraft navigation and bomb targeting
computers.
Prototype of TRADIC at Bell Labs, 1955. Felker is at left
Image from: Wikipedia
Third Generation: Integrated Circuits (1964-1971)

Third generation computers used Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors.
A single IC is composed of many transistors, resistors, and capacitors. The IC was
invented by Jack Kilby. This development made computers smaller in size, reliable, and
efficient. In this generation remote processing, time-sharing, multiprogramming
operating system were used.
Integrated circuit (IC) - sometimes

called a chip or microchip, is a
semiconductor wafer on which thousands
or millions of tiny resistors, capacitors,
and transistors are fabricated.
Image from: computersadda
Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation
computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system,
which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central
program that monitored the memory.

Image from: tutorialpoints.com
Fourth Generation: Microprocessors (1971-Present)

The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, has thousands
of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation
filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand.
In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple
introduced the Macintosh. Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of desktop
computers and into many areas of life as more and more everyday products began to
use microprocessors.
The first IBM PC, formally known as the IBM

Model 5150, was based on a 4.77 MHz Intel
8088 microprocessor and used Microsoft´s
MS-DOS operating system. The IBM PC
revolutionized business computing by
becoming the first PC to gain widespread
adoption by industry. (HMN)
Image source: Computerhistory.com
Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence (Present and Beyond)

Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in
development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are
being used today. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to
make artificial intelligence a reality.
Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will radically change
the face of computers in years to come. The goal of fifth-generation computing is to
develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and
self-organization.

Activity 1
Name/Pangalan:___________________________________
Parent/Guardian:___________________________________
Which came first?
Directions/Panuto: Number the following early computing device according to

what was first invented, and write the name of the inventor opposite to each invention.
Place the number on the space provided before each invention and place the name of
the inventor on the space provided after each invention.
__5___ Automatic Loom ___Joseph-Marie Jacquard_________
______ Tabulating Machine _______________________________

______ Abacus _________________________________________
______ Pascaline _______________________________________
______ Microprocessor __________________________________
______ ENIAC _________________________________________
______ UNIVAC ________________________________________
______ Transistor _______________________________________
______ 1st Personal Computer (PC)_________________________
______ Analytical Engine _________________________________
______ Slide rule _______________________________________
______ Stepped reckoner _________________________________
Activity 2
Study Questions
Directions/Panuto: Write your answer on the space given before each number.
________________________________1. Who invented the Abacus?
________________________________2. It was the next counting device after the

abacus?

________________________________3. What device that did Charles Babbage
invent?
________________________________4. Who invented the tabulating machine?
________________________________5. What counting device that can add, subtract,

multiply, divide and get the square root of
numbers?
________________________________6. What device use punched cards for making

patterns of cloth?
________________________________7. Who is the Father of the Modern Computer?
________________________________8. What is the first counting device ever

invented?
________________________________9. Who invented the Pascaline?
________________________________10. What was the device invented by Bell

Laboratory?
________________________________11. What is a semiconductor device with three

connections, capable of amplification in
addition to rectification?
________________________________12. What do you call the little silicon chip which

has thousands of Integrated Circuits built on
it?
___________________________________13. What came next after UNIVAC?
___________________________________ 14. What is the name of the company that became

very known in making counting machines?
___________________________________15. This generation of computers are based on

Artificial Intelligent(AI).
Activity 3
Invention

Many inventions start out with design flaws and are refined later by subsequent
inventors and designers. The computer, invented in 1834 by Charles Babbage and still
being refined, is an example of such an invention.
Directions/Panuto: Illustrate how inventions have evolved and are still evolving.
Select a common, non-electric household item that you believe is important. Write down
your answers to the following questions about your item;
1. What need does this item fill?
2. What do you think the first one looked like?
3. How did it change?
4. How could it still be improved?

5. What might this item look like in the future? (Draw a sketch in a separate
sheet: Oslo paper/letter/legal size)
Rubric for Scoring

Points Criteria 1 2 3 4 5
All questions answered, sketch
imaginative and carefully executed,
3 oral presentation well-organized
Most questions answered, sketch

adequately executed
2
Few questions answered, sketch
missing or poorly executed
1
Reflection:

Lesson 3
Elements of Computers
Elements of Computer
A computer is made up of different elements. These elements make the
computer work. All these elements are very important for the computer. If one of these is
missing, the computer cannot work.
3 Elements
Peopleware – this is the element where you belong. Every person who uses the
computer is peopleware. The computer is just a machine. It cannot function without
people. Without people who will use it, the computer is useless.

Software – includes the programs that helps us finish our work faster. People
cannot use the computer without the software because the computer cannot run without
instructions to follow. Example of software are games, Microsoft office and applications.
Hardware – the different computer parts are called the Hardware. Every part of
the computer is a hard ware element, no matter how tiny it is.

Activity 1
Name/Pangalan:___________________________________
Parent/Guardian:__________________________________
Sorting Out
Directions/Panuto: From the word bank below, identify what is under

Peopleware, Software, and Hardware. Write each item in the specific column.
Hard disk Programmer Teacher
Monitor Student Games
Keyboard Mouse Daddy
CPU Chrome Secretary
VGA cord MSword Diskdrive
Powerpoint Calculator Files
Peopleware Software Hardware
Study Questions
Directions/Panuto: Write your answer on the space given before each number.
_____________________________ 1. How many elements does the computer have?

_____________________________ 2. What elements talk about the different program
in your computer.

_____________________________ 3. What elements do you call the people who use
computers?
_____________________________ 4. Can a computer still work even if one element is
missing?
Lesson 4

Anything that we enter into the computer is called data. When data is processed
it comes out as information.
Data processing is the changing of data into a more useful form. The movement
of data through a computer system is similar to a cycle. A cycle is a set of steps data
has to go through do that it can become meaningful information.
The several devices that will help you put the data IN, change it in a process, and
get the information OUT.
Steps in the Data Processing Cycle

Origination Is the first step in the cycle wherein gathering data takes place.
Input This the step where the data is entered into the computer. Data is
inputted in the computer through input devices such as mouse and
keyboard.
Processing This steps happen inside the C.P.U. (Central Processing Unit) where
the data changes.
Storage Storage in computer, means to keep a copy of your data. Data are
kept in storage devices such as hard disks, CD’s and Flash drives.
Output This the steps wherein the data comes out in its changed form.
Origination
Output Input

Storage Processing
Activity 1
Name/Pangalan:___________________________________
Parent/Guardian:__________________________________
Organize
Directions/Panuto: Look closely at the pictures below, put numbers and arrows
to complete the steps in the Data Processing Cycle. Then write the name of each steps
on the space provided below.
1. _____________________________________
2. _____________________________________
3. _____________________________________
4. _____________________________________
5. _____________________________________
Activity 2
Study Questions

Directions/Panuto: Supply the missing words in each sentence. Pick your
answer from the word bank.
Information Cycle C.P. U
Keyboard Change form Mouse
1. When data is processed and it comes out as
_____________________________.
2. A _________________________________is a set of steps data has to go
through so that it can become meaningful information.
3. Processing happens inside the _____________________________ where data
undergoes changes.
4. Data is inputted into the computer through input devices such as
___________________________ and ______________________________.
5. Output is where data comes out in its ________________________________.
Activity 3
Create your Own
Directions/Panuto: Create your own Data Processing Cycle design. It can be

drawn or cut out pictures. Do it on Oslo paper. Your score will be based on the rubric
below.
Category Score of 5 Score of 4 Score of 3 Score of 2

Required Goes over and Includes all of the Missing one or more Several required
Elements above all the required elements of the required elements are
Score: required elements as stated in the elements as stated in missing from the
stated in the directions/instruction the project
directions & s directions/instructions
instructions
Creativity Exceptionally Thoughtfully and A few original Shows little
Score: clever and unique uniquely presented; touches enhance the creativity,
in showing deep clever at times in project to show some originality and/or
understanding showing understanding of the effort in
understanding of the material understanding the
material material
Neatness and Exceptionally Attractive and neat Acceptably attractive Distractingly
Attractiveness attractive and in design and but may be messy at messy or very
Score: particularly neat in layout times and/or show poorly designed.
design and layout lack of organization Does not show
pride in work.
Grammar No grammatical or A few Several Many
Score: mechanical mistakes grammatical/mechanic grammatical/mechani grammatical or
in the project al mistakes which are c al mistakes which mechanical
not distracting are distracting mistakes
throughout the
project. Clearly
not proofread.
Understanding Shows a Shows an Displays a somewhat Does not show an
of Content sophisticated understanding of limited understanding understanding of
Score: understanding of the the major themes of the book. May the text. Misses
themes in the work of the book have a few plot points and
misinterpretations. has quite a few
misinterpretations.
Comments:
Total Score: /25
Reflection:

Lesson 5
Input Devices
How it Works?
A computer has many parts. These parts work together for the computer to run
well. When we put all the computer parts together, we call it as computer system.
The computer system is made up of the input devices, processing device, and
output devices.
Input Devices
The first step is to put your data into the computer. You can send in data to your
computer by using the input devices. There are 2 input devices. They the keyboard and
the mouse.
The Keyboard
The key board is an input devices use to type in words or numbers. It has many
keys. A keyboard can have 101 to 104 keys. These keys are grouped according what
each key can do.
The key board has 4 parts:
Function keys Cursor keys
Alphanumeric keys Numeric keys
For you to work easily with your computer, you must know what each key can do.
If not, you’ll have a hard time thinking of what key to use.
Parts of the Key board

The Function Keys are: ESC, F1 to F12, Print screen, Scroll Lock and
Pause/Break. They are called function keys because they have special tasks for each
program you are using.
The Alphanumeric keypad is the biggest part of the keyboard. It has
ALPHAbets and NUMbers. This part allows you to type letters, numbers and
punctuation.
The Cursor keys are found between the alphanumeric and numeric keys. They
are called cursor keys because these keys control the movement of the cursor blinking
object that you see in your monitor screen. You will find four keys with arrows pointing
up, down, left, and right.
The Numeric key is a group of keys found at the right side of the keyboard. It is
called numeric because it has numbers used for math problems. You will also find
symbols like +, -, * and /.
Function of the other parts

Caps lock key – when you press this key the letters that you type after pressing
it will be in capital letters.
Ctrl and Alt key – these keys are called combination keys because they only
work when you use them with other keys.

Shift key – is used to make BIG letter. To do this, press shift and then press the
letter you want to type in big letters.
Escape key – is used to exit programs quickly.
Enter key/Enter key – pressing this keys means you are telling the computer to
obey your command.

Backspace key – allow you to erase any characters on the left side of the cursor.
Status light – these are the lights found on your keyboard. These lights have
names for each key. If the lights are on, it tells you that the it represents is
activated.

Activity 1
Name/Pangalan:___________________________________
Parent/Guardian:__________________________________
It’s where you belong!!!
Directions/Panuto: Write F if the key belongs to the Function Keys, A if it

belongs to the Alphanumeric Keys, C if it belongs to the Cursor Keys and N if it belongs
to the Numeric Keys.
F3 END
1. 6.
1
2. 7.
CTRL
3. O 8.
4. 8 9.
>
5. F12 10.
?

Activity 2
Study Questions
1. What key will you press so you can use the symbol (#)?
2. What part of the keyboard tells you that the caps lock key is active?
3. What part of the keyboard controls the cursor movement?
4. What you call the keys F1 to F12?
5. What key will you press if you want to erase characters?
6. What key will you press if you want to capitalize only one command?
7. What key tells the computer to obey your command?
8. What key is used to exit programs quickly?
9. What key allows you to type in big letters?
10. Name one input devices that is used to send in data to our computer?

Scroll lock
-
+ Enter
Caps lock
* 9 6 3 Del
Num lock
/ 8 5 2 0
Num
Lock
7 4 1
PAUSE Page Page

Up Down
SCROLL
LOCK Home End
PRINT
SCREEN Insert Delete
Directions/Panuto: Color the key of the keyboard as follows:

Function keys – red Escape key – Yellow
Spacebar Key – F12
Black Ctrl
Shift
Caps lock and Shift key – Pink
Backspace key – White Cursor Key –ENTER
Orange
Numeric KeypadF11– Green \
Alphanumeric Keypad - Blue
+ ]
F10 = ‘
[ ?
- / Alt
F9 ;
P >
0 . Sp
L
True Colors F8 O <
9 ,
K
F7 I M
8
J
U N
F6 7
H
Y B
F5 6
G
T V
F4 5
F
R C
4
F3 D
E X
3
F2 S
W Z
2 Alt
A
F1 Q Shift
1
Cap
Esc ~ Tab
Ctrl
`
Activity 3
The Mouse
A mouse is a box-like input device that helps people to use commands easily.
Using it make the computer fun and easy to use.
Mouse pointer –is the moving object on the monitor that usually appears as an
arrow. Through the mouse you can control the movement of the mouse pointer.
Different Kinds of Mouse
Mechanical mouse is a device integrated with an internal metal or rubber ball,

which can spin in all directions (left, right, up and down). Thus, the display cursor moves
as the mouse detects the direction.
An optical mouse is an computer pointing device that uses a light-emitting diode
an optical sensor, and digital signal processing ( DSP ).This mouse doesn’t have mouse
ball and electromechanical transducer. Movement is detected by sensing changes in
reflected light, instead of interpreting the motion of a rolling sphere.

Gstick - Gordon Stewart designed the Stick to add a more authentic and natural
feel to artistic manipulations on both Macs and PCs. These mice are Wireless and
pocket-sized. It looks like a pencil.
The Mouse without wire or cord is called wireless mouse or cordless mouse.
Most wireless mice use radiofrequency (RF) technology to communicate information to
your computer.
Track Ball Mouse - It consists of a ball held by a socket containing sensors to
detect a rotation of the ball. The user rolls the ball with the thumb, fingers, or the palm of
the hand to move a pointer.
Parts of the Mouse
Function of the Mouse

 Click – is done by pressing the mouse button once.
 Double-click – is done by pressing the mouse button twice and fast
 Drag – is done by pressing the mouse button without releasing it and
moving the mouse until the object reaches the new place you’d like it to
go. Dragging allows you to move any object you like.
 Point – is done by placing the tip of the mouse pointer on an object you
wish to select.
Proper Way of Handling the Mouse

1. Let your palm rest on top of the mouse.
2. Place your index finger on the left mouse button.
Hands-on Exercise:
Practice proper mouse handling.

Activity 1
Name/Pangalan:___________________________________
Parent/Guardian:__________________________________
Label the Parts
Directions/Panuto: Label the Parts of the Mouse. Write your answer on the box.
Study Questions
1. What are the five parts of the mouse?

a. ____________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________
d. ____________________________________________
e. ____________________________________________
2. Give the four function of the mouse.
a. ____________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________
d. ____________________________________________
3. What are the different kinds of mouse?
a. ____________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________
d. ____________________________________________
e. ____________________________________________

Reflection:

Lesson 6
Processing Device
Processing Device
System Unit – the main part of a computer, sometimes called the chassis.
System Unit has two main parts: the external and the internal.
Internal vs External
External parts – the parts you see on the outside of the system unit.
Internal parts – the parts you see inside the system unit.
The External Parts

Casing - The casing is the cover of the CPU. It protects internal parts from any
hazards.

Disk drives – Disk drive is where you insert the diskette. This part allows you to
save the files on the diskette and use the files already saved in it.
Optical drives - This is where you insert the CD, DVD and BD. This part allows
you to save files on CD, DVD, BD and use the files already save in it.
Power switch – The power switch lets you turn the computer on or off.
Light emitting diode or LED – There are the lights in front of the SU. It serves
as an indicator to identify that your computer is running or in an on/off state. Also
called status light.
Ports – These are the holes at the back of the SU where all of the computer
parts are connected. External connecting sockets on the outside of the computer.

This is a pathway into and out of the computer. A port lets users plug in outside
peripherals, such as monitors, scanners and printers.
The Ports and their function

Type of Port Function Illustration
Serial Port Intended for serial type
mouse and older camera
Parallel Port Also called as printer port.

This is only for old model
printer. It has 25 pins. It is a
female port.
VGA (Video Graphic Used to connect monitors.
Array) Port It has 15 pins and it is a
female port.
USB (Universal Serial High speed serial interface

Bus) Port that is used with almost all
devices. It is used to
connect latest model
printers, pen drives, cell
phones etc. it has 4 pins.
PS/2 Port Simple, 6-pin, low-speed

serial connections
commonly dedicated to a
keyboard and mouse.
Power Port Intended for power cord.
S-Video Port S-Video connections are

available on certain source
components and video
display devices, and offer a
higher level of video
performance over
composite video signals.
Audio Port Intended for plugging in the
speaker or headset.
LAN (Local Area A physical interface often

Networking) Port used for terminating twisted
pair type cables used to
connect computers onto a
local-area networks (LAN),
especially Ethernet RJ-45
09162531005 Jayr faigao
connectors lfaigaojr@gmail.com
Internal Parts
1. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board- The main circuit board of a
computer. It contains all the circuits and components that run the computer.
2. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of
a computer system. It performs all of the instructions and calculations that are
needed and manages the flow of information through a computer.
3. Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory or memory) is the computer's

working storage space that holds data, instructions for processing and processed
data (information) waiting to be sent to secondary storage. Physically, primary
storage is a collection of RAM chips.
Two (2) Types of Memory
a. ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it holds

data even when the power is ON or OFF.
b. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it

holds data only when the power is on. When the power is off,
RAM's contents are lost.

4. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data pathway between several hardware
components inside or outside a computer. It does not only connect the parts of
the CPU to each other, but also links the CPU with other important hardware.
5. Adapters- Printed-circuit boards (also called interface cards) that enable the
computer to use a peripheral device for which it does not have the necessary
connections or circuit boards. They are often used to permit upgrading to a new
different hardware.
6. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back corner of the PC case, next to
the motherboard. It converts 120vac (standard house power) into DC voltages
that are used by other components in the PC.
7. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as hard drive, is a magnetic storage device
that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as permanent storage
for data. In a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually configured as the C:
drive and contains the operating system and applications.

Activity 1
Name/Pangalan:___________________________________
Parent/Guardian:__________________________________
Reveal the Parts of the Computer System
Directions/Panuto: In the puzzle below, look for the 10 hidden computer

components. Write your answer on the space provided below.
C G M M Q F Y L W K C P A H K H G C N
H P O R K I R X N A A O A U A K B M P
H U Z A M Z W G W P X W A F V R Q V X
U M Y Q U I P R Y P T E X V I R D B W
A O R B I R T B A R S R U Y L G R D V
J B O C U A O N R D C S G S I L N H I
Q S M I L X C U H L Q U T Z G D C J F
S E E J K O U N H X S P U P D A K O Z
X K M T Y U Z S G H L P F H G P I Z T
A F D O U U F T R A S L W W T R A O S
Q F A R E H B G M O R Y B E A E M J I
X K P I I X E C F H T E S A C M E T S
Y S D D E V W T I D V I K W M I Q K K
I S I O R R E I L D F F N L E I O M E
H Y A S K S A I I D G Z K O M Q U N D
H M R W O Q U H O V K T M J M W P T H
E R M K Z W J U B J B E A P Q Z K Z Z
M L H M O U S E C K Y C Y V Y S D Y B
Y V X E W P L Q Q Y O V N H E Z H D R
N F H T U B U G L S N P F J W N K N J
M J G N Y H V J D U G F L U X O M K D

1. 6. __________________________________
2. 7. __________________________________
3. 8. __________________________________
4. 9. __________________________________
5. 10. _________________________________
Activity 2
Identify the Numbered Parts
Directions/Panuto: Label the numbered parts of the SU and place your answer
on the box below.
1 2 3
6 5
10
9
Activity 3
Reflect and Understand
11
12
1. View actual personal computer and discuss its parts and function.
2. Utilizing the Internet and the website YouTube, view a video regarding
parts of the computer. Use the URLs below: (you can get your copy of this
video from your teacher if you do not have internet access)
1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9gYVKPczRA

2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=bySnX9ZHYvo&feature=player_embedded
3. After watching the videos, answer the following questions:
a. Can you cite the different parts/ components of computer showed in the
video presentation?
b. Do the components play an important role in the computer system?

Explain your answer.
Activity 4
Study Questions
A. What are the two main parts of the System Unit (SU)?
1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________
B. This is where all the computer parts are connected.

3. ___________________________________
C. What do you call the cover of the SU?
4. ________________________________________
D. It is used as permanent storage of data?
5. ________________________________________
E. What are the two types of computer memory?
6. ________________________________________
7. ________________________________________
F. High speed serial interface that is used with almost all devices.
8. ________________________________________
G. The main circuit board of a computer.
9. ________________________________________
H. What is the main “brain” or “heart” of a computer system?
10. _______________________________________
Lesson 7
Output Devices
Output Devices
When data has already changed inside the SU, results come out of Output
Devices. Any piece of computer hardware that displays results after the computer has
processed the input data that has been entered.

1. Computer Display Monitor- It displays information in visual form, using text and
graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays the information is called the screen
or video display terminal. The output that comes out of the monitor is called
softcopy.
Types of Monitor
a. CRT Monitors - Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) were the only type of displays for
use with desktop PCs. They are relatively big (14" to 16" deep) and heavy
(over 15 lbs).
b. LCD Monitors - Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology has been used in
laptops for some time. It has recently been made commercially available as
monitors for desktop PCs.
c. LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode) - A display and lighting technology

used in almost every electrical and electronic product on the market, from a
tiny on/off light to digital readouts, flashlights, traffic lights and perimeter
lighting.
2. LCD Projectors- utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution

between them. An electric current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to
align so that light cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter,
either allowing light to pass through or blocking the light.
3. Smart Board - A type of display screen that has a touch sensitive transparent panel
covering the screen, which is similar to a touch screen.
4. Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper. The computer’s output on
paper is called hardcopy.
5. Speakers - Used to play sound. They may be built into the system unit or connected
with cables. Speakers allow you to listen to music and hear sound effects from your
computer.

Activity 1
Name/Pangalan:___________________________________
Parent/Guardian:__________________________________
Acronyms
Directions/Panuto: Write the equivalent meaning for each acronyms.
ATA-
BIOS-
CD-
CRT-
ESD-
DVD-
HDD-
LAN-
LCD-
LED-
RAM-
ROM-
SATA-
USB-
VGA-
CPU-
SU-
Activity 2
Study Questions
1. What kind of device allows you to see the processed data?

2. What kind of output comes from a monitor?
3. What output device allows you to put your work on paper?
4. This output device allows you to listen to music and hear sound effects
from your computer.
5. A type of display screen that has a touch sensitive transparent panel

covering the screen, which is similar to a touch screen.
6. What are the three kinds of monitor?

Reflection:

References
Montecino,<http://mason.gmu.edu/~montecin/computer-hist-web.htm.>
http://en.people.cn/90782/8466342.html
https://hackf.org/2014/07/08/tech-talk-the-slide-rule-grandfather-of-the-pocket-calculator-paul-
anderson/
Beal,2019,’The five generation of computers’, <https://www.webopedia.com/>
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_Engine#:~:text=The%20Analytical%20Engine
%20was%20a,for%20a%20simpler%20mechanical%20computer.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRADIC
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/
computer_third_generation.htm#:~:text=The%20computers%20of%20third
%20generation,was%20invented%20by%20Jack%20Kilby.
https://www.livescience.com/20718-computer-history.html
https://www.britannica.com/technology/Pascaline
https://history-computer.com/MechanicalCalculators/Pioneers/Lebniz.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabulating_machine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacquard_machine

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ICT INFORMATION AND

What I Need to Know

Computing Brief History

The Zhusuan, or China’s abacus, was

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The Pascaline, or Arithmetic Machine, was a

Around 1670, a German mathematician named Gottfried Leibniz invented

The mechanism of the machine is 67 cm long,

In 1801, a French weaver found a

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And by 1837 the first mechanical

The Analytical Engine was a proposed

By 1880, the U.S. population had

The tabulating machine was an

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09162531005 Jayr faigao lfaigaojr@gmail.com

Directions/Panuto: Solve the puzzle below by supplying the correct answer.

1. What are the new concepts that you have learnt?

Vacuum Tubes - consist of a glass bulb

Examples of first-generation computing devices are ENIAC and UNIVAC

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A UNIVAC computer at the Census Bureau.

Image Source: United States Census Bureau

Second Generation: Transistors (1956-1963)

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The TRADIC (for TRAnsistor DIgital Computer or TRansistorized Airborne DIgital

Prototype of TRADIC at Bell Labs, 1955. Felker is at left

Image from: Wikipedia

Third Generation: Integrated Circuits (1964-1971)

Integrated circuit (IC) - sometimes

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Fourth Generation: Microprocessors (1971-Present)

The first IBM PC, formally known as the IBM

Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence (Present and Beyond)

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Which came first?

Directions/Panuto: Number the following early computing device according to

__5___ Automatic Loom ___Joseph-Marie Jacquard_________

______ Tabulating Machine _______________________________

________________________________1. Who invented the Abacus?

________________________________2. It was the next counting device after the

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________________________________4. Who invented the tabulating machine?

________________________________5. What counting device that can add, subtract,

________________________________6. What device use punched cards for making

________________________________7. Who is the Father of the Modern Computer?

________________________________8. What is the first counting device ever

________________________________9. Who invented the Pascaline?

________________________________10. What was the device invented by Bell

________________________________11. What is a semiconductor device with three

________________________________12. What do you call the little silicon chip which

___________________________________13. What came next after UNIVAC?

___________________________________ 14. What is the name of the company that became

___________________________________15. This generation of computers are based on

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2. What do you think the first one looked like?

3. How did it change?

4. How could it still be improved?

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Most questions answered, sketch

1. What are the new concepts that you have learnt?

5_ Automatic Loom _Joseph-Marie Jacquard_______

Tabulating Machine _________________________

_ and ____.