Physical Education is an integral part of the education program purposely to

promote the optimum development of the individual physically, socially,

emotionally, and mentally through total movement in the performance of
properly selected physical activities (Andin, 2002).

Legal Bases of Teaching Physical Education in the Philippines Setting

1901 Physical exercise was one of the subjects introduced in the public schools
and regular program of athletics was developed.
1920 Physical Education was made a required subject in the curriculum of all
public schools.
1937 Physical Education was made curricular subject in the secondary school
curriculum.
1969 The School of Physical Education and Sports Development Act of 1969.
A program of activities included among others:
1. A program of health education and nutrition,
2. A program of physical fitness for all pupils,
3. A program of competitive athletics,
4. A program of intramurals and inter-unit athletic competition within schools,
districts, and provinces; and
5. An annual athletic competition within and among regions.

1982 MAPE was introduced and the learning area involves music, arts, and
physical education.
(Foundation of Physical Education by Carmen Andin)
Article 1 of the International Charter of Physical Education and Sports, UNESCO,
Paris (1975) and Recommendation I, Inter-Disciplinary Regional Meeting of
Experts in Physical Education and Sports, UNESCO, Brisbane (1982). The practice
of Physical Education and Sports is a fundamental right of all and the right should
not be treated as different in principle from the right of adequate food, shelter
and medicines.

Article XIV Section 19 (1) & (2) of the 1987 Philippine Constitution mandates that:
(1)”The state shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs,
league competitions, and amateur sports, including training for international
competitions, to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the
development of a healthy and alert citizenry.”
(2)”All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout
the country in cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors.”

Functions of Physical Education

Physical Education performs three functions which are:
1. Biologic Function -- refers to the enhancement of the individuals' growth and
development through body movement.
2. Integrative Function - refers to the personality integration achieved through
participation in properly selected physical
3. Social Function -- refers to the transmitting values and standards that are
consistent with the needs and ideals of the society.
All in all, Physical Education as education "through" movement is best conceived
of as being that component of the educational process which aims to improve and
complement the individual chiefly through professionally selected and directed
physical.

Objectives of Physical Education includes also:

1. Knowledge - it enhances critical thinking how activities are done according to
rules, regulations and strategies.
2. Physical fitness — improves and maintains the workload of the individual
without staggering and undue fatigue after which have time or energy to meet
some more emergencies in life.
3. Social to understand oneself; to get along with others for effective living.
4. Motor skills - it is the learning of the fundamental skills necessary for
participation in sports and games.
5. Aesthetic— relating or responsive to or appreciative of what is pleasurable to
the senses.
6. Nationalism - preservation of cultural heritage through revival of indigenous
games, dances and sports.
7. Conservation of natural environment such as protection of forest and aquatic
resources.

Physical Fitness is the ability to perform one's daily task efficiently without
undue fatigue but with extra "reserve" in case of emergency. Being physically fit
means being able to perform one's daily task efficiently without undue fatigue
and still have an extra energy to enjoy leisure activities and / or meet emergency
demands.

Concepts of Physical Fitness

1. Organic Vigor— refers to the soundness of the heart and the lungs, which
contributes to the ability to resist diseases.
2. Endurance — is the ability to sustain long-continued contractions where a
number of muscle groups are used; the capacity to bear or last long in a certain
task without undue fatigue.
3. Strength — is the capacity to sustain the application of force without yielding or
breaking; the ability of the muscle to exert effort against the resistance.
4. Power -refers to the ability of the muscle to release maximum force in a
shortest period of time.
5. Flexibility - it is a quality of plasticity, which gives the ability to do a wide range
of movement.
6. Agility — is the ability of an individual to change direction or position in space
with the quickness and lightness of movement.
7. Balance - is the ability to control organic equipment neuro-muscularly; a state
of equilibrium.
8. Speed — is the ability to make successive movements of the same kind in the
shortest period of time.

Components of Physical Fitness

The components of Physical Fitness are divided into two categories the Health -
related components (Flexibility, Cardiovascular Endurance, Muscular Strength,
Muscular Endurance and Body Composition) and the skill -related components
(Agility, Balance, Coordination, Power, and Speed).

Health-Related Fitness is a function of body's adaptation to exercise. It could

be developed and maintain through the regular and proper exercise program.
There are at least five (5) components of Health-Related Fitness.
They are as follows:

A. Muscular Strength refers to the ability of the muscle to exert maximum

effort in brief duration. It may be developed through isotonic, isometric, or
isokinetic contractions.

B. Muscular Endurance refers to the ability of the muscle to endure a sub

maximal effort for a prolonged period of time. Performing a strength exercise
such as push-up over a long period of time or performing the same exercise for
many continuous repetitions is a demonstration of muscular endurance. One
basic requirement in achieving muscular endurance is muscular strength. Muscle
endurance is developed by employing the different strength training exercises
mentioned above either for longer periods of time or an increased number of
exercise repetitions.

B. Cardiovascular Endurance refers to the ability of the heart, blood

vessels and the lungs to adapt to physical exertion for a prolonged
duration. Usually, the heart rate is increased from the resting pulse rate to
target heart rate that the individual has to sustain for a period of 20 to 60
minutes. With high levels of endurance, an individual has more energy and
has the ability to sustain different types of activities. It is also likely that
coronary heart disease (CHO) is prevented

There are important variables to consider when engaging in any

cardiovascular endurance program. These are:
1. Intensity which refers to how stressful the exercise is.
2. Duration which refers to how long will the exercise be performed.
3. Frequency which refers to the number of times the individual will
exercise each week.
4. Mode which refers to the kind of activity, selected such as brisk working
or jogging.

D. Flexibility is the ability of the muscles and joints to go through a full

range motion. Flexibility reduces the risk of injury, enhances performance
and prevents muscle soreness. It is achieved through stretching designed to
lengthen or elongate soft tissue structures and thereby increase the range
of motion. Flexibility is influenced by three factors:
1. Structure of the joints;
2. Amount of tissues surrounding the joint; and
3. Extensibility of the ligaments, tendons and muscle tissue that connects
the joints. It involves four basic movements, namely: flexion (bending of a
body segment), extension (straightening a body segment), abduction
(moving a limb away from the body), and adduction (moving a limb toward
the body). Body flexibility is achieved through stretching specific segments
of the body. To achieve good flexibility, exercise should be performed daily.
For very tight muscle-joint area, it is highly recommended that flexibility
exercises be done at least twice a day.

E. Body Composition refers to the proportion of lean body mass to fat

body mass. It stresses one's relative fatness or leanness in relation to
height. In recent years, body composition has gained wide acceptance in
exercise science as one of the components of health-related fitness. Its
inclusion was earlier opposed since supporters believe that fitness is for
everyone, including the slim and overweight.
In addition, being fat has some genetic predisposition that may be quite
difficult to alter. Somatotypes Somatotyping or body typing is a system of
classifying an individual according to the shape of the body.
It was developed by Sheldon during the 1940's and 1950's. He noted that
the physique of the body may be categorized into three distinct types:
a) Ectomorph, b) Mesomorph, and c) Endomorph.

1. An ectomorph body type is characterized as lean and small body build

with greater surface area to mass ratio. Bone size is relatively small with
slender limbs and low muscle mass.

2. A mesomorph body type has a relative predominance of muscles. The

bones are usually large and heavy with massive limbs, thus contributing to
greater weight than the ectomorph body type.

3. An endomorph body type is characterized by a relative predominance of

soft roundness and large digestive viscera. There is a greater percent of
body fat when compared to lean body mass.

II. Performance Related Fitness

It refers to the quality of one's movement skill. It includes 5 general
components namely:
1. Balance is the ability to maintain equilibrium in relation to changes in
body position. Balance can be categorized into static and dynamic
 balance. Static Balance is the ability to maintain equilibrium in a fixed
position such as standing on one foot or on a balance beam. Dynamic
Balance is the ability to maintain one's equilibrium while the body is in
motion. Walking on a balance beam is one example of this type of
balance.
2. Coordination is the harmonious working relationship between the
skeletal muscle and nerves in one aspect of movement. Hand-eye
coordination is demonstrated in certain sport skills such as catching,
passing, dribbling or volleying a ball.
3. Agility is the ability of an individual to quickly shift or change direction
of the body from one point to another.
4. Speed is the ability to perform a task or move from one point to
another in the shortest possible time. It is also the time spent finishing
or completing a performance after the initial movement has been made.
Speed is influenced by the reaction time which is the time elapsed when
the "go" signal has been made by an official of the first motor response.
5. Power is the ability to perform one maximum effort in a short period
of time. It is a product of both strength and speed as seen in many sport
activities such as track and field and weightlifting.
6. Reaction Time is the ability to react to the interval of time between
the signal to respond (stimulus) and the beginning of the response.
NEMONIC:
HEALTH RELATED SKILL RELATED
MS- MUSCULAR STRENGTH BE-BALANCE
ME-MUSCULAR EDURANCE Call- CORDINATION
CoffeE- CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE Ako- AGILITY
or
Frappe kaba?-FLEXIBILITY Sayo- STRENGTH
BuCo juice nalang- BODY COMPOSITION Pag-POWER
RT kana!- REACTION TIME
Enrichment Activities
Print the last page and paste it into any hard material. (Folder/illustration board)
(Date of submission- next meeting *set sched.)
MY BODY TYPE
Direction: Answer the following. Describe the different body types.
1.__________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3.__________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
A. Which among the three types is your body type? Paste your latest wholebody
picture on the box and tell something about it.
WRITE SOMETHING ABOUT YOURSELF

Your picture