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PDF Test Bank For Understanding Research Methods 10Th Edition by Mildred L Patten Michelle Newhart Online Ebook Full Chapter
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Test Bank for Understanding Research Methods 10th Edition, by Mildred L. Patten Michelle New
116. Which of the following is NOT a source of potential bias in research samples?
a. selecting participants for a study from volunteers
b. using randomly dialed phone numbers to conduct a survey
c. selecting participants from people the researcher works with
d. selecting participants by drawing names from a hat
Part: D
Topic: 25
Answer: d
117. A researcher drawing every other individual from a list of the population being studied is
using what type of sampling?
a. random number table sampling
b. systematic sampling
c. sample of convenience
d. a census
Part: D
Topic: 26
Answer: b
1
118. How might a random number table be used by researchers to select study participants?
a. by assigning the population numbers then picking participants whose numbers are in the table
b. by having participants pick a number then finding it on the table
c. by inputting the table into a random number generator
d. by correlating the table numbers to social security numbers
Part: D
Topic: 26
Answer: a
119. What is the technical term for discussing the magnitude of sampling errors?
a. validity
b. precision
c. reliability
d. amplitude
Part: D
Topic: 27
Answer: b
121. True or false: An unbiased random sample can produce sampling errors.
a. true
b. false
Part: D
Topic: 27
Answer: a
2
c. each cluster correlates with only a portion of the population
d. each cluster is a collection of individuals rather than single subjects
Part: D
Topic: 28
Answer: b
3
Answer: d
128. Which of the following sets of demographic variables are relevant to a survey on campus
services for first-year college students?
a. race, gender, disability accommodation eligibility
b. state of residence, gender, disability accommodation eligibility
c. race, gender, SAT score
d. gender, state of residence, declared major
Part: D
Topic: 30
Answer: a
129. What is the term used to describe participants starting a study but then leaving it?
a. abandonment
b. drop outs
c. margin of error
d. mortality
Part: D
Topic: 30
Answer: d
4
Answer: a
132. Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of bias to account for?
a. underrepresentation of a subgroup
b. volunteerism
c. weighting subgroups
d. failure to ensure population members have one and only one chance of inclusion
Part: D
Topic: 31
Answer: c
133. How does the principle of diminishing returns affect decisions about sample size?
a. larger populations require proportionally larger samples
b. researchers should define populations such that they are 1 million units or less
c. small populations require proportionally smaller samples
d. all populations require inversely proportional sample sizes
Part: D
Topic: 32
Answer: a
135. When can researchers obtain accurate results from a small sample?
a. when the population being studied is heterogeneous
5
b. when the population being studied has little variability
c. when the sample is heterogeneous
d. when the sample has little variability
Part: D
Topic: 32
Answer: b
136. How might a qualitative researcher best obtain participants for a sample?
a. snowball sampling where one subject leads to another
b. probabilistic sampling by randomly dialing phone numbers
c. advertising for volunteers
d. asking friends to participate
Part: D
Topic: 33
Answer: a
137. What is the generally recommended sample size for qualitative studies?
a. 10–30
b. 20–50
c. 30–75
d. 20 for psychology, 50 for sociology
Part: D
Topic: 33
Answer: b
138. Published qualitative studies were found to have what sample sizes, on average?
a. 20–50 in all fields
b. 20 for psychology, 50 for sociology
c. 13 for psychology, 20 for sociology
d. 8 for psychology, 30 for sociology
Part: D
Topic: 33
Answer: a
139. How long have sampling methods for research been around?
a. since the 1940s
b. since 1890
c. since the 17th century
6
Test Bank for Understanding Research Methods 10th Edition, by Mildred L. Patten Michelle New
140. Why is it now a challenge to use phone numbers for drawing a simple random sample?
a. some people only have cellphones
b. some people have cellphones and landlines, so could be called twice
c. phone numbers are now portable so area codes do not always correspond to location
d. all of the above
Part: D
Topic: 34
Answer: d
1. What else could be expected from the courtier, who could write in these
terms to madame de Maintenon: God has been so gracious to me, madam, that, in
whatever company I find myself, I never have occasion to blush for the gospel or
the king.
2. For example, the reception of a portuguese adventurer, under the character
of a persian ambassador. A farce made by the court to rouse the blunted senses of
the king.
3. Memoires du marechal de Richelieu.
4. In this reply will be found many of the reasons, that have been lately
repeated; and some (a proof of the progress of reason), which no one had the
audacity to repeat, when standing up in defence of privileges.
5. It is well known, that for a long time he wished to convoke the states-
general; and it was not without difficulty, that Dubois made him abandon this
design. During the year 1789, a curious memorial has been reprinted, which he
wrote on this occasion; and it is, like the author, a model of impudence.
6. Since the constituent assembly equalized the impost, Calonne has boasted,
that he proposed a mode of levying equal taxes; but that the nobility would not
listen to any such motion, tenaciously maintaining their privileges. This blind
obstinacy of opposing all reform, that touched their exemptions, may be reckoned
among the foremost causes, which, in hurrying the removal of old abuses, tended
to introduce violence and disorder.—And if it be kept in remembrance, that a
conduct equally illiberal and disingenuous warped all their political sentiments, it
must be clear, that the people, from whom they considered themselves as
separated by immutable laws, had cogent grounds to conclude, that it would be
next to impossible to effect a reform of the greater part of those perplexing
exemptions and arbitrary customs, the weight of which made the peculiar urgency,
and called with the most forcible energy for the revolution. Surely all the folly of
the people taken together was less reprehensible, than this total want of
discernment, this adherence to a prejudice, the jaundiced perception of
contumelious ignorance, in a class of men, who from the opportunity they had of
acquiring knowledge, ought to have acted with more judgment. For they were
goaded into action by inhuman provocations, by acts of the most flagrant injustice,
when they had neither rule nor experience to direct them, and after their
temperance had been destroyed by years of sufferings, and an endless catalogue of
reiterated and contemptuous privations.
7. Importance of religious opinions.
8. ‘The code of étiquette’, says Mirabeau, ‘has been hitherto the sacred fire of
the court and privileged orders.’
9. Under the reign of Louis XV two hundred and thirty thousand lettres de
cachet had been issued; and after this, who will assert, that this was not an
inveterate evil, which ought to be eradicated; for it is an insult to human reason, to
talk of the modification of such abuses, as seem to be experiments to try how far
human patience can be stretched.
10. Count Lally-Tolendal.
11. This was written some months before the death of the queen.
12. Such is ever the conduct of soi-disant patriots.
13. This is an event much more important at Paris, than it would be in
London.
14. The mayor.
15. This man, the abbé Lefebure, remained all night, and the greater part of
the next day, standing over a barrel of gun-powder, persisting to keep off the
people, with undaunted courage, though several of them, to torment him, brought
pipes to smoke near it; and one actually fired a pistol close by, that set fire to his
hair.
16. Lally-Tolendal said of La Fayette, at this time, that ‘he spoke of liberty as
he had defended it.’
17. The supplying of Paris with provision always depended on a nice
arrangement of circumstances, capable of being controlled by the government of
the state. It is not like London, and other great cities, the local position of which
was previously pointed out by nature, and of which the welfare depends on the
great and perpetual movements of commerce, which they themselves regulate. To
cut off the provision from London, you must block up the port, and interdict in an
open manner an intercourse, on which the wealth of the nation in a great measure
depends. Paris, on the contrary, might be famished in a few days by a secret order
of the court. All the people of the place would feel the effect, and no person be able
to ascertain the cause. These considerations render it easy to account for the
continued scarcity of provision in Paris during the summer of 1789. No person can
doubt, but the court viewed the revolution with horrour; and that, among the
measures which they took to prevent it, they would not overlook so obvious an
expedient, as that of cutting off the supplies from the capital; as they supposed the
people would lay the blame on the new order of things, and thus be disgusted with
the revolution.
18. The lamp-posts, which are only to be found in squares, and places where
there are not two rows of houses, are much more substantial than in England.
19. ‘In August 1778,’ says Lally-Tolendal, ‘the laws were overturned; and
twenty-five millions of men without justice or judges;—the public treasury without
funds, and without resource;—the sovereign authority was usurped by the
ministers;—and the people without any other hope than the states-general;—yet
without confidence in the promise of the king.’
And, Mounier also gives a similar sketch. ‘We have not a fixed or complete
form of government—we have not a constitution, because all the powers are
confounded—because no boundary is traced out.—The judicial power is not even
separated from the legislative.—Authority is dispersed; it’s various parts are always
in opposition; and amidst their perpetual shocks the rights of the lower class of
citizens are betrayed.—The laws are openly despised, or rather we are not agreed
what ought to be called laws.’
20. In the Bastille, it is true, were found but seven prisoners.—Yet, it ought to
be remarked, that three of them had lost their reason—that, when the secrets of the
prison-house were laid open, men started with horrour from the inspection of
instruments of torture, that appeared to be almost worn out by the exercise of
tyranny—and that citizens were afraid even for a moment to enter the noisome
dungeons, in which their fellow creatures had been confined for years.
21. The cruelties of the half civilized romans, combined with their unnatural
vices, even when literature and the arts were most cultivated, prove, that humanity
is the offspring of the understanding, and that the progress of the sciences alone
can make men wiser and happier.
22. Mirabeau appears to have been continually hurt by the want of dignity in
the assembly.—By the inconsistency, which made them stalk as heroes one
moment, with a true theatrical stride, and the next cringe with the flexible backs of
habitual slaves.
23. ‘Let us compare,’ he further adds, ‘the number of innocents sacrificed by
mistake, by the sanguinary maxims of the courts of criminal judicature, and the
ministerial vengeance exercised secretly in the dungeons of Vincennes, and in the
cells of the Bastille, with the sudden and impetuous vengeance of the multitude,
and then decide on which side barbarity appears. At the moment when the hell
created by tyranny for the torment of it’s victims opens itself to the public eye; at
the moment when all the citizens have been permitted to descend into those
gloomy caves, to poize the chains of their friends, of their defenders; at the
moment when the registers of those iniquitous archives are fallen into all hands; it
is necessary, that the people should be essentially good, or this manifestation of the
atrocities of ministers would have rendered them as cruel as themselves!’
24. These members seem to have formed a just estimate of the french
character.
25. Some french wags have laid a great stress on these decrees passing after
dinner.
26. Lally-Tolendal, in particular; for giving his opinion on the subject of two
chambers, he said:—‘It is not doubtful at present, and for this first assembly, that a