Chemistry Class 11 Chapter 1 Question Answer

Below are a few of the Important Questions and their solutions which are included in
our Chemistry Class 11 Chapter 1 Important Questions:

Question 1. Two students performed the same experiment separately, and each
one of them recorded two separate readings of mass which are given below. The
right reading of the mass is 3.0 g. Based on the provided data below, mark the
correct option for the following statements.

Student Readings

(i) (ii)

A 3.01 2.99

B 3.05 2.95

(i) Results of both the students are found neither accurate nor precise.

(ii) Results of student A are found both precise and accurate.

(iii) Results of student B are found neither precise nor accurate.

(iv) Student B’s results are both precise and accurate.

Answer 1. Option (ii) is the correct answer.

Question 2. The measured temperature on the Fahrenheit scale is 200 °F. What
would the reading

be on the Celsius scale?

(i) 40 °C

(ii) 94 °C

(iii) 93.3 °C

(iv) 30 °C
Answer 2. Option (iii) is the correct answer.

Question 3. What will be the molarity of the solution that contains 5.85 g of
NaCl(s) per 500 mL?

(i) 4 mol L-1

(ii) 20 molL-1

(iii) 0.2 molL-1

(iv) 2molL-1

Answer 3. Option (iii) is the correct answer.

Question 4. When 500 mL of a given 5M solution is diluted to 1500 mL, what

would be the molarity of the new solution?

(i) 1.5 M

(ii) 1.66 M

(iii) 0.017 M

(iv) 1.59 M

Answer 4. Option (ii) is the correct answer.

Question 5. The number of atoms in an element’s mole equals the Avogadro

number. Which among the following element contains the greatest number of
atoms?

(i) 4g He

(ii) 0.40g Ca

(iii) 46g Na

(iv) 12g He

Answer 5. Option (iv) is the correct answer.

Question 6. When the glucose concentration (C6H12O6) in the blood is 0.9 g L-1,
what would be the molarity of glucose found in the blood?

(i) 0.5 M
(ii) 50 M

(iii) 0.005 M

(iv) 5 M

Answer 6. Option (iii) is the correct answer.

Question 7. What would be the molality for the solution obtained containing
18.25 g of HCl gas in 500 g of water?

(i) 0.5 m

(ii) 1 M

(iii) 0.1 m

(iv) 1 m

Answer 7. Option (iv) is the correct answer.

Question 8. One mole of any given substance contains 6.022 ×

1023 atoms/molecules. A number of molecules of H2SO4 that are present in 100
mL of 0.02M H2SO4 solution are ______.

(i) 12.044 × 1020 molecules

(ii) 12.044 × 1023 molecules

(iii) 1 × 1023 molecules

(iv) 6.022 × 1023molecules

Answer 8. Option (i) is the correct answer.

Question 9. What is the mass percent of the carbon found in carbon dioxide?

(i) 0.034%

(ii) 27.27%

(iii) 3.4%

(iv) 28.7%

Answer 9. Option (ii) is the correct answer.

Question 10. The compound’s empirical formula and molecular mass found are
CH2O and 180 g, respectively. What would be the molecular formula of the given
compound?

(i) C9H18O9

(ii) CH2O

(iii) C6H12O6

(iv) C2H4O2

Answer 10. Option (iii) is the correct answer.

Question 11. When the density of the solution is 3.12 g mL-1, the mass of 1.5 mL
solution in the significant figures is _______.

(i) 4.7g

(ii) 4680 × 10-3 g

(iii) 4.680g

(iv) 46.80g

Answer 11. Option (i) is the correct answer

Question 12. Which of the following statements given about the compound is
incorrect?

(i) A molecule of the given compound has atoms of the different elements.

(ii) A compound can’t be separated into its constituent elements through physical
separation methods.

(iii) A compound retains the required physical properties of its constituent

elements.

(iv) The ratio of atoms for the different elements in the compound is fixed.

Answer 12. Option (iii) is the correct answer.

Question 13. Which among the following statements is right about the reaction
given below:

4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(g)

(i) The total mass of given iron and oxygen in reactants = total mass of iron and
oxygen in the product; thus, it follows the law of conservation of mass.

(ii) The total mass of the given reactants = the total mass of product; thus, the law
of multiple proportions followed.

(iii) Amount of Fe2O3 could increase by taking any of the reactants given (iron or
oxygen) in excess.

(iv) Amount of Fe2O3 produced will decrease when the amount of any of the
given reactants (iron as well as oxygen) taken is in excess.

Answer 13. Option (i) is the correct answer.

Question 14. Which among the following reactions is incorrect as per the law of
conservation of the mass.

(i) 2Mg(s) + O2(g) →2MgO(s)

(ii) C3H8(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g)

(iii) P4(s) + 5O2(g) → P4O10(s)

(iv) CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O (g)

Answer 14. Option (ii) is the correct answer.

Question 15. The following statements indicate the law of the multiple
proportions.

(i) Sample of given carbon dioxide taken from any source will always have carbon
and oxygen in the ratio of 1:2.

(ii) Carbon forms the two oxides, namely CO2 and CO. Here, masses of oxygen
that combine with the fixed mass of carbon are in the simple ratio of 2:1.

(iii) When magnesium burns in the given oxygen, the amount of magnesium that
took for the reaction is the same as the amount of magnesium found in the
magnesium oxide formed.

(iv) At the given constant temperature and pressure, 200 mL of hydrogen would
combine with 100 mL of oxygen to produce 200 mL of water vapour.

Answer 15. Option (ii) is the correct answer.

Question 16. One mole of oxygen gas formed at STP is equal to _______.

(i) 6.022 × 1023 molecules of the oxygen

(ii) 6.022 × 1023 atoms of the oxygen

(iii) 16 g of the oxygen

(iv) 32 g of the oxygen

Answer 16. Option (i) and (iv) are the correct answers.

Question 17. Sulphuric acid reacts with the given sodium hydroxide as follows as
given below:

H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4+ 2H2O

if 1L of 0.1M sulphuric acid solution is allowed to react with the given 1L of the
0.1M sodium hydroxide solution, the amount of the sodium sulphate formed will
be, and its molarity in the solution got

(i) 0.1 mol L-1

(ii) 7.10 g

(iii) 0.025 mol L-1

(iv) 3.55 g

Answer 17. Option (ii) and (iii) are the right answers.

Question 18. Which among the following pairs has the same number of atoms?

(i) 16 g of O2(g) as well as 4 g of H2(g)

(ii) 16 g of O2 as well as 44 g of CO2

(iii) 28 g of N2 as well as 32 g of O2

(iv) 12 g of C(s) as well as 23 g of Na(s)

Answer 18. Option (iii) and (iv) are the right answers.

Question 19. Which among the following solutions has same concentration?

(i) 20 g of the NaOH in 200 mL of the solution

(ii) 0.5 mol of KCl in 200 mL of the solution

(iii) 40 g of NaOH in 100 mL of the solution

(iv) 20 g of KOH in 200 mL of the solution

Answer 19. Option (i) and (ii) are the right answers.

Question 20. 16 g of given oxygen has the same number of molecules as in

(i) 16 g of CO

(ii) 28 g of N2

(iii) 14 g of N2

(iv) 1.0 g of H2

Answer 20. Option (iii) and (iv) are the right answers.

Question 21. Which among the following terms is unitless?

(i) Molality

(ii) Molarity

(iii) Mole fraction

(iv) Mass percent

Answer 21. Option (iii) and (iv) are the right answers.

Question 22. One of the following statements of Dalton’s atomic theory given
below:

“Compounds are formed for the following when atoms of different elements
combine in a fixed ratio.”

Which among the following laws is not related to this statement?

(i) Law of conservation of mass

(ii) Law of definite proportions

(iii) Law of multiple proportions

Answer 22. Option (i) and (iv) are the correct answers.

Question 23. What would be the mass of one atom of given C-12 in grams?

Answer 23. 1 mole of given carbon atom = 12g= 6.022 × 1023 atoms.

Question 24. How many significant figures should be there to answer the
following given calculations?

2.5 1.25 3.5/2.01

Answer 24. Two significant figures should be there in this.

As the least number of significant figures from the given figure is 2 (in 2.5 and 3.5).

Question 25. What is the symbol for the SI unit of the given mole? How can the
mole be defined?

Answer 25. The symbol for the SI unit for the given mole is mol. The mole is defined
as the amount of substance that contains as many entities as there are atoms in the
given 12g carbon.

Question 26. What is the difference between the term molality and molarity?

Answer 26. Molarity is the provided number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 litre of
the solution. Molality is the provided number of moles of solute present in 1kg of the
solvent.

Question 27. Calculate the mass percent of the calcium, phosphorus and oxygen
in the given calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)

Answer 27. Molecular mass of the given Ca3(PO4) = 3*40+2*31+8*16 =310

Mass percent of the given Ca = 3*40/310*100 = 38.71%

Mass percent of the given P = 2*31/310*100 = 20%

Mass percent of the given O = 8*16/310 = 41.29%

Question 28. 45.4 L of dinitrogen, when reacted with 22.7 L of the given dioxygen
and 45.4 L of the nitrous oxide, was formed. The reaction is given below as:

2N2(g) + O2(g) → 2N2O(g)

Which law obey for the following experiment? Write the statement of the given
law.

Answer 28. The above experiment proves the Gay-Lussac’s law which states that the
given gases combine or are produced in the chemical reaction in a simple whole-
number ratio by volume, provided that all the given gases are at the same temperature
and pressure.

Question 29. If two given elements can combine to form more than one
compound, the masses of one element, which combines with the fixed mass of the
other element, are in the whole-number ratio.

(a) Is this statement true?

(b) If yes, according to which given law?

(c) Give one example related to this law.

Answer 29. (a) Yes, the statement is true.

(b) As per the law of multiple proportions

(c), hydrogen and oxygen react to form given water and hydrogen peroxide

H2 + 1/2O2 → H2O

H2 + O2 → H2O2

Masses of oxygen which combine with the fixed mass of hydrogen are in the ratio of
16:32

Question 30. Calculate the average atomic mass of the given hydrogen using the
following data :

Isotope % Natural abundance Molar mass

1H 99.985 1

2H 0.015 2

Answer 30.
Average atomic mass is equal to

= 99.985*1+0.015*2/100

= 099.985*1+0.015*2/100

=1.00015u

Question 31. Hydrogen gas is prepared in the laboratory by reacting the given
diluted HCl with granulated zinc. The following reaction takes place.

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

Calculate the volume of the given hydrogen gas liberated at STP if 32.65 g of zinc
reacts with HCl. 1 mol of the given gas occupies 22.7 L volume at STP; atomic
mass of the Zn = 65.3 u.

Answer 31. 1 mol of the given gas occupies = 22.7L Volume at STP atomic mass of
Zn = 65.3u

From the above-given equation,

65.3g of Zn if reacts with HCl produces = 22.7L H2 at STP

Thus, 32.65g of Zn, when reacted with the given HCl, will produce

= 22.7 * 32.65/65.3

= 11.35L of H2 at STP

Question 32. The density of 3 molal solutions of given NaOH is 1.110 g mL–1.
Calculate the required molarity of the solution.

Answer 32. 3 molal solution of given NaOH = 3 moles of given NaOH dissolved in
1000g water

3 mole of given NaOH = 3*40g = 120g

Density of the solution = 1.110gmL-1

thus, Volume = mass/density = 1120g/1.110gmL-1 =1.009L

Molarity of the given solution = 3/1.009 = 2.97M

Question 33. The volume of the solution changes with a change in the
temperature. Then, would the molality of the solution be affected by the
temperature? Give the reason for your answer.

Answer 33. Mass does not change because the temperature changes. Thus, the
molality of the solution does not change.

Molality = moles of the solute/ weight of the solvent (in g) *1000

Question 34. If 4 g of the NaOH dissolves in 36 g of H2O, calculate the mole

fraction of each

component in the solution. Here, determine the molarity of the solution (specific

gravity of solution is 1g mL–1).

Answer 34. Mole fraction of the H2O = number of moles of the H2O/ Total no: of
moles (H2O+NaOH)

No: of moles of the H2O = 36/18=2 moles

No: of moles of the NaOH = 4/40=0.1mol

Total number of the moles = 2+0.1= 2.1

Mole fraction of the H2O = 2/2.1 = 0.952

Mole fraction of the NaOH = 0.1/2.1 = 0.048

Mass of the solution = Mass of H2O + Mass of NaOH = 36+4=40G

Volume of the solution = 40/1 = 40mL

Molarity = 0.1/0.04 = 2.5M

Question 35. The reactant completely consumed in the reaction is called the
limiting reagent.

In the reaction 2A + 4B → 3C + 4D, if 5 moles of A react with 6 moles of B,

then

(i) which is the limiting reagent?

(ii) calculate the amount of C formed?

Answer 35. (i) B would be the limiting reagent as it gives the lesser amount of
product.

(ii) Let B completely consumed

4 mol of B gives 3 mol of C

6 mol of B will give 3/4 *6 mol C =4.5 mol C

Question 36. Match The Following Type

(i) 88 g of CO2 (a) 0.25 mol

(b) 2 mol
(ii) 6.022 ×1023 molecules of the H2O
(c) 1 mol
(iii) 5.6 litres of O2 at STP
(d) 6.022 × 1023 molecules
(iv) 96 g of O2
(e) 3 mol
(v) 1 mol for any gas

Answer 36. A → b

B→c

C→a

D→e

E→d

Question 37. Match the following

Physical quantity Unit

(i) Molarity (a) g mL–1

(b) mol
(ii) Mole fraction
(c) Pascal
(iii) Mole
(d) Unitless
(iv) Molality
(e) mol L–1
(v) Pressure
 (vi) Luminous intensity (f) Candela

(vii) Density (g) mol kg–1

(viii) Mass (h) Nm–1

(i) kg

Answer 37. (i → e)

(ii → d)

(iii → b)

(iv → g)

(v → c)

(vi → f)

(vii → a)

(viii → i)

Question 38. Assertion (A): Ethene’s empirical mass is half its molecular mass.

Reason (R): The empirical formula presents the simplest whole-number

the ratio of various atoms present in the compound.

(i) Both A as well as R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

(ii) A is true, as well as R is false.

(iii) A is false, as well, as R is true.

(iv) Both A as well as R are false.

Answer 38. Option (i) is correct.

Question 39. Assertion (A): One atomic mass unit has defined as one-twelfth of
the mass of

one carbon-12 atom.

Reason (R): Carbon-12 isotope is the most abundant isotope of carbon

and has been chosen as the standard.

(i) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

(ii) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(iii) A is true, but R is false.

(iv) Both A and R are false.

Answer 39. Option (ii) is correct. Carbon-12 is considered a standard for defining
atomic and molecular mass.

Question 40. Assertion (A): Significant figures for the 0.200 is 3 here; for 200 it is
1.

Reason (R): Zero at the end or the right of the number is significant, provided

they are not on the right side for the decimal point.

(i) Both A and R are true, as well as R is the correct explanation of A.

(ii) Both A and R are true, as well as R is not a correct explanation of A.

(iii) A is true, as well as R is false.

(iv) Both A as well as R are false.

Answer 40. Option (iii) is correct. Significant figures for the 0.200 = 3 and for 200 =1

Zero at the end of the number without a decimal point may or may not be significant
depending upon the accuracy of the measurement.

Question 41. Assertion (A): Combusting 16 g of methane gives 18 g of water.

Reason (R): In the combustion of methane, water is one of the products.

(i) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(ii) A is true, but R is false.

(iii) A is false, but R is true.

(iv) Both A and R are false.

Answer 41. Option (iii) is correct.

16g of CH4 on complete combustion will give 36g of water.

Question 42. A vessel contains 1.6 g of dioxygen at STP (273.15K, 1 atm

pressure). The

gas transfers to another vessel at a constant temperature, where

the pressure becomes half of the original pressure. Calculate

(i) the volume of the new vessel.

(ii) a number of molecules of dioxygen.

Answer 42. (i) Moles of the oxygen = 1.6/32 = 0.05mol

At STP, 1 mol of the O2 = 22.4L

now, volume of O2 = 22.4 × 0.05 = 1.12L

V1 = 1.12L

V2 =?

P1 = 1atm

P2 = ½ = 0.5atm

As per, Boyle’s law, P1V1 = P2V2

thus, Substituting the value

V2 = 1 × 1.12/0.5 = 2.24L

(ii) Number of molecules in the 1.6g or 0.005mol = 6.022 × 1023 × 0.05 = 3.011 ×
1022

Question 43. Calcium carbonate reacts with the aqueous HCl to give CaCl2 and
CO2 according

to the reaction given below:

CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

What would be form masses of CaCl2 if 250 mL of 0.76 M HCl reacts with
1000 g of the CaCO3? Name the limiting reagent. Calculate the number of the
moles

of CaCl2 formed in the reaction.

Answer 43. No: of moles of the HCl taken = MV/1000 = 0.76*250/1000 = 0.19

No: of moles of the CaCO3 = Mass/Molar mass = 1000/100 = 10

1. if CaCO3 is completely consumed

1 mol of CaCO3 = 1 mol CaCl2

10 mol CaCO3 = 10mol CaCl2

2. if HCl will consume completely.

2 mol HCl = 1 mol CaCl2

0.19mol of HCl = ½ × 0.19mol CaCl2 = 0.095 mol CaCl2

HCl would be the limiting reagent, and the number of moles of CaCl2 formed will be
0.095mol

Question 44. A box contains a few identical red coloured balls that have to label
as A, each weighing

2 grams. Another box contains an identical blue coloured ball and labelled as B,

each weighing 5 grams. Consider the combinations of AB, AB2, A2B and A2B3

and show that the law of the multiple proportions is applicable.

Answer 44.

AB AB2 A2B A2B3

Mass of the A (in g) 2 2 4 415

Mass of the B (in g) 5 10 5

Masses of B, which combine with a fixed mass of A, are

10g, 20g, 5g, 15g

2: 4: 1 : 3

This is the simple whole-number ratio.

Question 45. In a reaction

A + B2 → AB2

Identify the limiting reagent, if any,in the following reaction mixtures.

(i) 300 atoms of A + 200 molecules of B

(ii) 2 mol of A + 3 mol of B

(iii) 100 atoms of A + 100 molecules of B

(iv) 5 mol of A + 2.5 mol of B

(v) 2.5 mol of A + 5 mol of B

Answer 45. Limiting reagent:

It determines the extent of a reaction. It is the first to get consumed during a reaction,
thus causing the reaction to stop and limiting the amount of product formed.

(i) 300 atoms of A + 200 molecules of B

1 atom of A reacts with 1 molecule of B. Similarly, 200 atoms of A react with 200
molecules of B, so 100 atoms of A are unused. Hence, B is the limiting reagent.

(ii) 2 mol A + 3 mol B

1 mole of A reacts with 1 mole of B. Similarly, 2 moles of A react with 2 moles of B,

so 1 mole of B is unused. Hence, A is the limiting reagent.

(iii) 100 atoms of A + 100 molecules of Y

1 atom of A reacts with 1 molecule of Y. Similarly, 100 atoms of A react with 100
molecules of Y. Hence, it is a stoichiometric mixture where there is no limiting
reagent.

(iv) 5 mol of A + 2.5 mol of B

1 mole of A reacts with 1 mole of B. Similarly, 2.5 moles of A react with 2.5 moles of
B, so 2.5 moles of A are unused. Hence, B is the limiting reagent.
(v) 2.5 mol of A + 5 mol of B

1 mole of A reacts with 1 mole of B. Similarly, 2.5 moles of A react with 2.5 moles of
B, so 2.5 moles of B are unused. Hence, A is the limiting reagent.

Question 46. Define the law of multiple proportions. Explain it with the two
examples. How does this law point to the existence of atoms?

Answer 46. Dalton first studied the law of multiple proportions in 1803, and it can be
found and follows.

If two elements combine to form two or more chemical compounds, the masses of one
of the elements combine with the fixed mass of the other in a simple ratio.

For example, hydrogen reacts with oxygen to form two compounds: water and
hydrogen peroxide.

Hydrogen(2g) + Oxygen(16g) → H2O(18g)

Hydrogen(2g) + Oxygen(32g) → H2O2(34g)

In this case, the masses of the oxygen (i.e. 16g and 32g) that combine with the fixed
mass of hydrogen (2g) have a simple ratio, i.e. 16:32 or 1:2.

As we all know, if compounds mix in different proportions, they form different

compounds. For example, if hydrogen mixes with a different proportion of oxygen, it
forms water or hydrogen peroxide.

It demonstrates that there are constituents that combine in a specific manner. This
constituent could be atoms. As a result, the law of multiple proportions demonstrates
the existence of atoms that combine to form the molecules.

Question 47. A box contains a few identical red coloured balls, labelled as A, each
weighing equal to 2 grams. The other box contains identical blue coloured balls,
labelled for the following as B, each weighing 5 grams. Consider the following
combinations AB, AB2, A2B and A2B3, and show that the multiple proportions
law applies.

Answer 47.
 Combination Mass of A (g) Mass of B (g)

AB 2 5

AB2 2 10

A2B 4 5

A2B3 4 15

When the two elements combine to form the given two or more compounds, the
different masses of one element, which combine with a fixed mass of the other, bear a
simple ratio to one another, as per the law of multiple proportions.

The mass of B, if combined with the fixed mass of A (say 1g), is 2.5g, 5g, 1.25g, and
3.75g. They have a 2:4:1 ratio, which is a simple whole-number ratio. Hence. The
multiple proportions law is applicable.

Question 48. Assertion (A): an atomic mass unit defined as one-twelfth of the
mass of a given one carbon-12 atom.

Reason (R): Carbon-12 isotope has the most abundant isotope of the given carbon
and choice as standard.

(i) Both A as well as R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

(ii) Both A as well as R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.

(iii) A is true, as well as R is false.

(iv) Both A and R are false.

Answer 48. The correct option is (i) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct
explanation of A.

As C-12 is used as the standard atom, one atomic mass unit is defined as one-twelfth
of the mass of the given one carbon – 12 atom. That is because it has an equal number
of protons and neutrons (6) and forms the majority of matter.
Carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of all carbon’s isotopes.

Question 49. Assertion (A): Significant figures for the number 0.200 are 3,
whereas, for the number 200, it is 1.

Reason (R): Zero at the end or right of the number is significant, provided they
don’t give on the correct side of the decimal point.

(1) Both A as well as R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A.

(ii) Both A as well as R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.

(iii) A is true, as well as R is false.

(iv) Both A as well as R are false.

Answer 49. The correct option is (iii) A is true, as well as R is false.

Zero at the end, as well as to the right of the number, is significant when this is on the
correct side of the decimal point. For example, 0.200 has 3 significant figures.

Question 50. Assertion (A): Combustion of 16 g for methane gives 18 g of water.

Reason (R): Water is one of the products in the combustion of methane.

(i) Both A as well as R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.

(ii) A is true, as well as R is false.

(iii) A is false, as well, as R is true.

(iv) Both A as well as R are false.

Answer 50. The correct option is (iii) A is false, but R is true.

CH4 + O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

Water produces during the combustion for methane, but 16 g of methane on complete
combustion gives 36 g of water.

Question 51. Calculate the molecular mass of the following :

(i) H2O

(ii) CO2
(iii) CH4

Answer 51. (i)CH4 :

The molecular weight of methane, CH4

= (1 x Atomic weight of carbon) + (4 x Atomic weight of hydrogen)

= [1(12.011 u) +4 (1.008u)]

= 12.011u + 4.032 u

= 16.043 u

(ii) H2O :

The molecular weight of water, H2O

= (2 x Atomic weight of hydrogen) + (1 x Atomic weight of oxygen)

= [2(1.0084) + 1(16.00 u)]

= 2.016 u +16.00 u

= 18.016u

So approximately

= 18.02 u

(iii) CO2 :

= Molecular weight of carbon dioxide, CO2

= (1 x Atomic weight of carbon) + (2 x Atomic weight of oxygen)

= [1(12.011 u) + 2(16.00 u)]

= 12.011 u +32.00 u

= 44.011 u

So approximately

= 44.01u
Question 52. The following data obtained if dinitrogen and dioxygen react
together to form different compounds:

Mass of dinitrogen Mass of dioxygen

(i)14 g 16 g

(ii)14 g 32 g

(iii)28 g 32 g

(iv)28 g 80 g

(a) Which chemical combination law obeys the above experimental data? Given
its statement.

(b) Fill in the blanks in the following conversions given below:

(i) 1 km = …………………. mm = …………………. pm

(ii) 1 mg = …………………. kg = …………………. ng

(iii) 1 mL = …………………. L = …………………. dm3

Answer 52. (a) Fixing the mass of the dinitrogen as 28 g, masses of the dioxygen
combined would be 32, 64, 32 and 80 g in given four oxides. These masses of the
dioxygen bear a simple whole number ratio as 2:4:2:5. Therefore, the data given will
obey the law of the multiple proportions.

The statement is as follows, two elements always combine in the fixed mass of
another, bearing a simple ratio to another to form the two or more chemical
compounds.

(b) (i) 1 km = 1km× 1000m/ 1km ×100cm /1m/ 10mm /1cm = 106 mm

1 km = 1km× 1000m / 1km × 1pm/ 10-12 m = 1015 pm

(ii) 1 mg = 1mg ×1g/ 1000mg × 1kg / 1000g = 10-6 kg

1 mg = 1mg ×1g/ 1000mg × 1ng/ 10-9g = 10-6 ng

(iii) 1 mL = 1mL×1L/ 1000mL = 10-3 L

1 mL = 1cm3 = 1cm3× (1dm × 1dm × 1dm/ 10cm × 10cm × 10cm) = 103dm3

Question 53. When the speed of light is 3.0 × 108ms-1, calculate the distance for
the following covered by the light in 2.00 ns.

Answer 53. Distance covered will be

= Speed × Time = 3.0 × 108 ms-1 × 2.00 ns

= 3.0 × 108ms-1 × 2.00 ns ×10-9 s /1ns = 6.00×10-1 m = 0.600m

Question 54. When ten volumes of dihydrogen gas react with five volumes of
dioxygen gas, how many volumes of water vapour will produce?

Answer 54. Dihydrogen gas reacts with the given dioxygen gas as,

2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g)

Therefore, the two volumes of dihydrogen react with one volume of dihydrogen to
produce two volumes of water vapour. So, the ten volumes of dihydrogen would react
with the five volumes of dioxygen to produce the required ten volumes of water
vapour.
Question 1.
Calculate the number of moles of 02 required to produce 240g of MgO by burning Mg
metal. (Atomic mass: Mg = 24, 0 = 16) (March – 2019)
Answer:
Mg + 1/2 O2 → MgO
Molecular mass of MgO = 24 + 16 = 40
No. of moles of MgO present in 240g of MgO = 6 moles
As per the balanced equation, we have to use 6 moles of Mg and 3 moles of O2 in order to
get 240g of MgO.

Question 2.
If the mass percent of the various elements of a compound is known, its empirical formula
can be calculated. (March – 2010)
a) What is mass percent? Give its mathematical expression.
b) A compound contains 4.07% hydrogen, 24.27% carbon and 71.65% chlorine. Its
molecular mass is 98.96. What are the empirical and molecular formulae?
Answer:
a) Mass percentage of a component in a solution is the weight of that component present
in 100gm of the solution.

b)

Element % Relative no. of atoms Dividing by smallest Rate of

 no.
factor
atoms

C 24.27%
24.2712=2.02 2.012.01=2.01 1

H 4.07% 4.071=4.07 4.072.01=2.02 2

Cl 71.65% 71.6535.5=2.018 2.012.01=1 1

Empirical formula = CH2CI

Molecular mass = 98.96

Question 3.
One mole is the amount of substance that contains as many elementary particles as 12g
of 12C isotope of carbon. (Say – 2010)
a) What do you mean by molar mass of a compound?
b) Calculate the number of moles in 1 litre of water (Density of water is 1g/mL). Also
calculate the number of water molecules in 1 litre of water.
Answer:
a) The mass of one mole of any substance is called the molar mass.

Question 4.
The laws of chemical combination are the basis of the atomic theory. (March – 2011)
a) Name the law of chemical combination illustrated by the pair of compounds, CO and
CO2.
b) State and explain the law of conservation of mass.
c) Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 8g of NaOH in 500 mLofwater.
Answer:
a) Law of multiple proportions.
b) Matter can neither be created nor be destroyed.

Question 5.
The laws of chemical combination govern the formation of compounds from
elements. (Say – 2011)
a) State the law of conservation of mass. Who put forward this law?
b) The following data are obtained when dinitrogen and dioxygen react together to from
different compounds.

SI. No. Mass of dinitrogen (g) Mass of dioxygen (g)

1 14 16

2 14 32

3 28 48

4 28 80

Which law of chemical combination is illustrated by the above experimental data? Explain.
Answer:
a) It states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed.
OR
The total mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction is equal to the total mass of the
products formed. This law was proposed by Antoine Lavoisier,
b) Law of multiple proportions proposed by John Dalton.

According to this law if two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the
masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element, are in the
ratio of small whole numbers.

Here, the oxides of nitrogen are,

The different masses of oxygen which combine with a fixed mass (28g) of nitrogen are in
the ratio 32:64:48:80 = 2:4:3:5, which is a simple whole-number ratio. Hence, the law is
verified.

Question 6.
The combination of elements ot form compounds is governed by the laws of chemical
combination. (March – 2012)
a) Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form compounds, namely water and hydrogen
peroxide. State and illustrate the related law of chemical
combination.
b) What is meant by ‘limiting reagent’ in a chemical reaction?
c) 28 g of nitrogen is mixed with 12 g of hydrogen to form ammonia as per the reaction,
N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3. Which is the ‘limiting reagent’ in this reaction. [Atomic masses : N = 14,
H = 1]
Answer:
a) Law of multiple proportions

Here, the masses of oxygen (ie, 16g and 32g)which combine with a fixed mass of
hydorgen (2g) bear a simple ratio ie 16:32 or 1:2.

Law of multiple proportions states that if two elements combine to form two or more
compound, the weights of one of elements which combine with a fixed weight of the other
in these compound. bear simple whole-number ratio by weight.

b) The reactant which is completely used up first in a reaction is called the limiting
reactant.
c) N2 – 3H2 → 2NH3
28g 6g → 34g
28g 12g → (given data)
∴ N2 is the limiting reagent. (N2 is completely used up in a reaction)
Question 7.
a) Mole is a very large number to indicate the number of atoms, molecules, etc. Write
another name for one mole. (Say – 2012)
b) i) How the molecular formula is different from that of the Empirical formula?
ii) An organic compound on analysis gave the following composition.
Carbon=40%, Hydrogen=6.66% and oxy- gen=53.34%. Calculate its molecular formula if
its molecular mass is 90.
Answer:
a) 1 mole = gram atomic mass or 1 gram atom
1 mole = gram molecular mass or 1 gram molecule

b) 1) Empirical formula of a compound is defined as the simplest formula that gives the
ratio of the various elements in a molecules.
Eg: Empirical formula of benzene is CH. Molecular formula of a compound gives actual
number of atoms of each element present in a molecular of the compound, eg: molecular
formula of benzene is C6H6.

Question 8.
The mole concept helps in handling a large number of atoms and molecules in
stoichiometric calculations. (March – 2013)
a) Define 1 mol.
b) What is the number of hydrogen atoms in 1 mole of methane (CH4)?
c) Calculate the amount of carbon dioxide formed by the complete combustion of 80g of
methane as per the reaction :
CH4(g) + 202(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
(Atomic masses: C = 12.01 u.
H = 1.008u,
O = 16u)
Answer:
a) I mole is defined as the amount of any substance which contains Avogadro number of
particles (ie atoms, ions or molecules)
b) I mole methane contain 4 Flydrogen atoms (ie n = 4)
No. of hydrogen atoms
= No. of mole x NA x n
= 1 x 6.023 x 1023 x 4
= 24.092 x 1023 atoms

Question 9.
a) Atoms have very very small mass and so usually the masses of atoms are given
relative to a standard called atomic mass unit. What is the Atomic Mass Unit (AMU)? (Say
– 2013)
b) In a reaction A + B2 → AB2, identify the limiting reagent in the reaction mixture
containing 5 mol A and 2.5 mol B.
c) Calculate the mass of NaOH required to make 500 mL of 0.5 M aqueous solution
(Molecular mass of NaOH = 40).
Answer:

b) As per the reaction 1 mol of A reacts completely with 1 mole of B2 to form 1 mole of
AB2. Thus, 5 mole of A requires 5 mole of B2. Flence, B2 is the limiting reagent.

Question 10.
a) How many moles of dioxygen are present in 64 g of dioxygen? (Molecular mass of
dioxygen is 32).
b) The following data were obtained when dinitrogen (N2) and dioxygen (O2) react together
to form different compounds.

Mass of N2 Mass of 02

14 g 16g

14 g 32 g

28 g 32 g

28 g 80 g

Name the law of chemical combination obeyed by the above experimental data.
c) Define empirical formula. How is it related to the molecular formula of a compound?
Answer:
b) Law of multiple proportions.
c) Empirical formula is the simplest formula which represents the simplest whole number
ratio of various atoms present in a compound.
Molecular formula = n x (Empirical formula) where ‘n’ = 1, 2, 3, ….

Question 11.
Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form two different compounds, namely, water (H2O)
and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (August – 2014)
a) Which law is obeyed by this combination?
b) State the law
c) How may significant figures are present in the following?
i) 0.0025
ii) 285
Answer:
a) Law of Multiple Proportions
b) It states that if two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the
masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element, are in the
ratio of small whole numbers.
c) i) 0.0025 – 2 significant figures
ii) 285 – 3 significant figures

Question 12.
‘A given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by
weight’. (March – 2015)
a) i) Name the above law.
ii) Write the name of the scientist who proposed this law.
b) Calculate the number of molecules in each of the following:
i) 1g N2
ii) 1g CO2
(Given that Na is 6.02 x 1023, molecular mass of N2 is 28 and CO2 is 44).
Answer:
a) i) Law of Definite Proportions Or Law of Definite Composition
ii) Joseph Proust

Question 13.
12g of 12C contains Avogadro’s number of carbon atms. (Say – 2015)
a) Give the Avagadro’s number.
b) The mass of 2 moles of ammonia gas is
i) 2g
ii) 1.2 x 1022g
iii) 17g
iv) 34g

c) Calculate the volume of ammonia gas produced at STP when 140g of nitrogen gas
reacts with 30g of hydrogen gas. (Atomic masses : N = 14u, H = 1u)
Answer:
a) 6.022 x 1023
b) iv) 34 g

Question 14.
a) When nitrogen and hydrogen combines to form ammonia, the ratio between the
volumes of gaseous reactants and products is 1:3:2. Name the law of chemical
combination illustrated here. (March – 2016)
b) A compound is made up of two elements A and B, hasA= 70%, B = 30%. The relative
number of moles of A and B in the compound are 1.25 and 1.88 respectively. If the
molecular mass of the compound is 160, find the molecular formula of the compound.
Answer:
a) Gay Lussac’s law of gaseous volumes
b) The empiricial formula of the compound is A2B3

Question 15.
The empirical formula represents the simplest whole number ratio of various atoms
present in a compound. (Say – 2016)
a) Give the relationship between empirical formula and molecular formula.
b) An organic compound has the following percentage composition C = 12.36%, H =
2.13%, Br = 85%. Its vapour density is 94. Find its molecular formula.
c) What is mole fraction?
Answer:
a) Molecular formula is a whole number multiple of the empirical formula.
i.e., Molecular formula = nx empirical formula where, n = 1, 2, 3…
c) Mole fraction of a component in a solution is the ratio of the number of moles of that
component to the total number of moles of all the components in solution.

If a substance ‘A’ dissolves in substance ‘B’ and their number of moles are nA and nB
respectively; then the mole fractions of A and B are given as Mole fraction of A.

Question 16.
a) Determine the number of moles present in 0.55mg of electrons. (March – 2017)
i) 1 mole
ii) 2 moles
iii) 1.5 moles
iv) 0.5 mole

b) Give the empirical formula of the following.

C6H12O6, C6H6, CH3COOH, C6H6Cl6
c) Two elements, carbon and hydrogen combine to form C2H6, C2H4 and C2H2. Identify the
law illustrated here.
Answer:
a) i) 1 mol
[Explanation: Mass of 1 electron
= 9.1094 x 10-31 kg
= 9.1094 x 10-25 mg

Mass of 1 mole of electrons

= 6.022 x 1023 X 9.1094 x 10-25 mg
= 0.55 mg
∴ Number of moles present in 0.55 mg of

c) Law of multiple propotions [Explanation:

In C6H6:24g Carbon + 6g Hydrogen
In C2H4:24g Carbon + 4g Hydrogen
In C2H2:24g Carbon + 2g Hydrogen
Here, the masses of hydrogen (6g, 4g and 2g)
which combine with a fixed mass of carbon (24g)
bear a simple ratio, i.e., 6 : 4 : 2 = 3 : 2 : 1]

1 Marks Questions
1.What is chemistry?
Ans: Chemistry is the branch of science that studies the composition, properties and interaction of
matter.

2.How has chemistry contributed towards nation’s development?

Ans: chemical principles are important in diverse areas such as weather patterns, functioning of
brain, operation of a computer, chemical industries, manufacturing , fertilizers, alkalis, acids, salts,
dyes, polymers, drugs, soaps, detergents, metals, alloys, contribute in a big way to national
economy.

3.Differentiate solids, liquids & gases in terms of volume & shapes.

Ans:
Property Solids Liquids Gases

1. Volume Definite Definite Not definite

Not fixed, takes the

Not fixed, take the
2. Shape Fixed shape of the
shape of container,
container

4.Name the different methods that can be used for separation of components of a mixture. .
Ans:The components of a mixture can be separated by physical methods like handpicking,
filtrations, crystallization, distillation etc.

5.Classify following as pure substances and mixtures – Air, glucose, gold, odium and milk.
Ans:
Pure SubstancesMixtures
Glucose Air
Gold Milk
Sodium

6.What is the difference between molecules and compounds? Give examples of each.
Ans: Molecules consist of different atoms or same atoms. e.g. molecule of hydrogen contains two
atoms of hydrogen where as molecule of water contain two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen.
Compound is formed when two or more than two different atoms combine in fire propo e.g. water
–rtion carbondioxide, sugar etc.

7. How can we separate the components of a compound?

Ans:The constituents of a compound can not be separated by physical methods. They can only be
separate by chemical methods.

8.How are physical properties different from chemical properties?

Ans: Physical properties are those properties which can be measured or observed without changing
the identity or the composition of the substance whereas the measurement of chemical properties
require a chemical change to occur e.g. colour, odour etc are physical properties and combustion,
basicity etc are chemical properties.

9.What are the two different system of measurement?

Ans:The different system of measurement are English system and the metric system.

10.What is the SI unit of density?

Ans: The SI Unit of density is Kg m-3 or kg/m3

11.What are the reference points in thermometer with Celsius scale?

Ans:The thermometers with Celsius scale are calibrated form 0 o to 100o where there two
temperatures are the freezing and boiling of water.

12.What is the SI unit of volume? What is the other common unit which in not
an SI unit of volume.
Ans: The SI unit of volume is m3 whereas litre (L) is the common unit which is not an SI unit.

13.What is the difference between precision and accuracy?

Ans:Precision means the closeness of various measurements for the same quantity. Accuracy is the
agreement of a particular value to the true value of the result.

14.What do you understand by significant figures?

Ans:Significant figures are meaningful digits which are known with certainty. The uncertainty in
experimental or the calculated value is indicated by mentioning the number of significant figures.
15.State law of definite proportions.
Ans: Law of definite proportions states that a given compound always contains exactly the same
proportion of elements by weight.

16.State Avogadro’s law.

Ans:According to Avogadro’s law, equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure
should contain equal number of molecules.

17.Define one atomic mass unit (amu).

Ans: One atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as a mass exactly equal to one – twelfth the mass of
one carbon – 12 atom.

18.What is formula mass?

Ans: When a substance does not contain discrete molecules as their constituent units and have a
three dimensional structure, formula mass is used to calculate molecular mass which is sum of all
the atomic masses of atom present in the formula.

19.What is the value of one mole?

Ans:1mole = atoms/ ions / entities

20.At NTP, what will be the volume of molecules of H2?

Ans: 22.4 Litres.

21.Calculate the number of molecules present in 0.5 moles of CO2?

Ans: The number of molecules present in 0.5 moles of C02 is

22. 1L of a gas at STP weighs 1.97g. What is molecular mass?

Ans: 22.4 L of the gas at STP will weigh

i.e. molecular mass = 44.1

23.What is stoichiometry?
Ans: Stoichimetry deals with the calculations of masses of reactants and products involved in a
chemical reactions.

24. The substance which gets used up in any reaction is called --------------
Ans: The substance that gets used up in any reaction is called limiting reagent.

25.What is 1molal solution?

Ans: one molal solution is solution in which one mole of solute is present in 1000g of solvent.

2 Marks Questions
1.How can we say that sugar is solid and water is liquid?

Ans: Sugar has close packing of constituent particles, have its own volume and shape therefore, it
can be said to be solid whereas in water the constituent particles are not as closely packed as in
solid. It has definite volume but not definite shape. Therefore it is a liquid.

2.How is matter classified at macroscopic level?

Ans: Macroscopic classification of matter –
3.Classify following substances as element, compounds and mixtures – water,
tea, silver, steel, carbondioxide and platinum
Ans:
Compounds ElementsMixtures
Water Silver Tea
CarbondioxidePlatinum Steel

4.Write seven fundamental quantities & their units.

Ans:
Physical Quantity SI unit
1. Length (l) Metre (m)
2. Mass (m) Kilogram (kg)
3. Time (t) Second (s)
4. Electric Current (I) Ampere (A)
5. Thermodynamic Temperature (T)Kelvin (K)
6. Amount of substance (n) Mole (mol)
7. Luminous Intensity (I) Candela (Cd)

5.What is the difference between mass & weight? How is mass measured in laboratory?
Ans: Mass of a substance is the amount of matter present in it while weight is the force exerted by
gravity on an object the mass of a substance is determined with the help of an analytical balance in
laboratory.

6.How is volume measured in laboratory? Convent 0.5L into ml and 30cm3 to dm3

Ans: In the laboratory volume of a liquid can be measured by using graduated cylinder, burette,
pipette etc.
1L = 1000 ml
1000cm3 = 1dm3
0.5L = 500 ml

30cm3 =
= 0.03dm3

8.What does the following prefixes stand for –

(a) pico
(b) nano
(c) centi
(d) deci
Ans: Pico = 10-12
nano = 10-9
centi = 10-2
deci = 10-1

9.Explain law of multiple proportions with an example.

Ans: The law of multiple proportions rays that if two elements can combine to form more than one
compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of other element are in a
ratio of small whole numbers. e.g. hydrogen and oxygen can combine to form water as well as
hydrogen peroxide.

Here, the masses of oxygen (16g & 32g) which combine with a fixed mass of hydrogen (2g) bear a
simple ratio i.e., 16:32 = 1:2.

10.Write Postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory.

Ans. Postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory –
1. Matter consists of indivisible atoms.
2. All the atoms of a given element have identical properties including atomic mass. Atoms of
different element differ in mass.
3. Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine in a fixed ratio.
4. Chemical reaction involves reorganization of atoms. These are neither created nor destroyed

12. Give one example each of a molecule in which empirical formula

and molecular formula are (i) same (ii) Different.
Ans:(i) Same molecular formula and empirical formula. Carbon dioxide, both is CO2.
(ii) When molecular formula and empirical formula are different –
Hydrogen peroxide: molecular formula is H2O2 and empirical formula is HO

13.Calculate the number of moles in the following masses –

(i) 7.85g of Fe
(ii) 7.9mg of Ca
Ans. (i) 7.85g of Fe

56g of Fe contains atoms = 1mole

56g of Fe = 1mole

7.85g of Fe = = 0.14moles

(ii)40g of Ca = mg of Ca
40g of Ca = 1mole

Or mg of Ca = 1mole

7.9mg of Ca =
14.How much potassium chlorate should be heated to produce 2.24L of oxygen at NTP?
Ans: 2KClO3 à 2KCl + 3O2
2moles 3moles

2(39 + 35.5 + 3 16) 22.4 3L

= 245g = 67.2L
67.2L of oxygen is produced from 245g of KClO3

2.24L of oxygen is produced from =

= 8.17g of KClO3

15.Write an expression for molarity and molality of a solution.

Ans:

16.Calculate the weight of lime (CaO) obtained by heating 2000kg of 95% pure lime stone
(CaCO3)
Ans:100kg impure sample has pure CaCO3 = 95
= 95kg

200kg impure sample has pure CaCO3 =

= 190kg
CaCO3 à CaO + CO2
Since 100kg CaCO3 gives CaO = 56kg

190kg CaCO3 will give CaO =

= 106.4kg
17. 4 litres of water are added to 2L of 6 molar HCl solutions.What is the molarity of
resulting solution?
Ans. Initial volume, V1 = 2L
Final volume, V2 = 4L + 2L = 6L
Initial molarity, M1 = 6M
Final molarity = M2
M1V1 = M2V2

Thus the resulting solution is 2M HCl.

18.What volume of 10M HCl and 3M HCl should be mixed to obtain 1L of 6M HCl solution?
Ans: Let the required volume of 10M HCl be V liters.
Then, the required volume of 3M HCl be (1 – V) Liters.
M1V1 + M2V2 = M3V3

Then the volume of 10M HCl required = 428mL

& volume of 3M HCl required = 1000mL – 428mL = 572mL

3 Marks Questions
1.How many significant figures are present in
(a) 4.01 102
(b) 8.256
(c) 100

Ans:(a) 4.01 102 – Three

(b) 8.256 – Four
(c) 100 – One

2.Vitamin C is essential for the prevention of scurvy. Combustion of 0.2000g of vitamin C

gives 0.2998g of CO2 and 0.819g of H2O. What is the empirical formula of vitamin C?

Ans: Percentage of carbon =

Percentage of Hydrogen

Percentage of oxygen
Relative no. Simplest
Element % Atomic Mass
of atoms Ratio

C 47.69 12

H 4.55 1

O 47.76 16

Empirical formula = C1.33 H1.5 O,