Plant Cell Animal Cell

Photosynthesis Products:
 Oxygen
Raw  Glucose
materials:
 Sunlight
 C02 Make
Stored as
 Water Used for
cellulose
starch in
cell wall.
respiration leaves.

Glucose
Photosynthesis : Building up of food
compounds from carbon dioxide and water
by green plants using energy from sunlight
which is absorbed by chlorophyll. Repair and
replace Stored as Stored as
Equation for photosynthesis : damage fats,oi sucrose
Light parts (Seeds) (fruits)
Carbon dioxide + water  Glucose+oxygen
Chlorophyll
6CO2 + 6H20  C6H12O6 + 6O2
 Green plants are the
producers, as only green
plants contain chlorophyll
(Chloroplast is an organelle
Why is photosynthesis important ? containing a green called
chlorophyll) Which absorb
 Source of energy and food for all sunlight; the primary source
organisms for energy
 Releases oxygen into the
environment which is utilized by
organisms
 It sustains all the food chains in
an ecosystem.

Factors on rate of photosynthesis

Factors of photosynthesis:
Any factor that
 Light – the more in amount more good directly affects a
 Water – Optimum amount is required process if quantity
 Carbon dioxide – the more the good is changed is called
 ph - Optimum amount is required limiting Factor
 Temperature – Optimum amount required

Concentration of CO2

Temperature

Temperature- Increase in temperature will cause increase

in photosynthesis but when the optimum temperature is
reached the collisions between substrates and enzymes
Light intensity increase and at a point enzymes denature and
photosynthesis decreases.
Light Intensity – An increase in light intensity speed up
photosynthesis but only but to a point after that the graph
levels off light intensity wont effect photosynthesis but
other factors may become limiting. Same happens with
concentration of CO2.
 v

Cross Section of a leaf

1)Cuticle – Waxy and

Stomata and Respiration
Stomata – The lower epidermis
contains many minute openings
called stomata , it opens up in
presence of light allowing carbon
dioxide to diffuse in and oxygen
diffuse out. Helps in respiration
and helps remove excess water .
transparent covers the upper
epidermis . Reduces water
loss as being transparent lets
the Sunlight enter the leaf.
2) Upper epidermis – Single
layered cells with no
chloroplast. Light can pass
through the upper
epidermis.
3) Mesophyll – Lies between
the upper and lower
epidermis .Consists of two
layers : Palisade – Contains
numerous chloroplasts
closely packed. Most of the
photosynthesis occurs here.
Spongy layer – Numerous
large intercellular air spaces
among the cells, loosely
packed less number of
chlorophyll then palisade
layer . Air gaps and moisture
helps for the gaseous
exchange and most of the
photosynthesis occurs here .
4) Veins - Ends at the
mesophyll cells . Helps in
transportation.
5) Lower epidermis –
Beneath the mesophyll
consisting of a single layered
cells.

Plants repair 24/7 as

it needs energy at day
it is a Slow process at
night it is faster
 =
Experiments and Tests

Light intensity effects photosynthesis

The closer the light comes more

bubbles produced meaning more
photosynthesis is occurring as it is
producing more oxygen

Test for Starch

1) Take two potted plants

2) Keep one in sunlight and other in dark for 24
hours
3) Cover one part of one of the plants kept in
sunlight
4) Boil the leaves in water for 2 mins it so that it
becomes soft and breaks it cell wall and becomes
permeable
5) Boil the leaves In ethanol in a water bath as
ethanol is flammable
6) Test iodine

OBSERVATION: The leaf turns blue black Mineral elements in plants

CONCLUSION : Starch is present.

 Nitrogen- Making protein for growth

 Phosphorus- Respiration and making roots
 Potassium – Respiration and photosynthesis
 Magnesium – Making chlorophyll