Class 9th

Topic: 1. Assembly of Robot

Index:

● What is Robot Assembly?

● Required Components

● Steps for Assembling the Robot's Physical Structure

● Safety Guidelines for Working with Robots

1. Introduction
Imagine having the power to build a robot, piece by piece,
much like assembling a complex puzzle. Robot Assembly is a
process that offers endless possibilities for innovation and
problem-solving. In this chapter, we will explore how to create
a robot that can do just that.

1.1. What is Robot Assembly?

Robot assembly is like building a robot from different pieces,
almost like putting together a puzzle. Each piece, like the body,
sensors, and motors, has a specific work and when you fit them
all together in the right way, you create a complete working
robot.

In the Robot assembly, you will choose a robot body, add

sensors like the ultrasonic sensor to give it special abilities,
attach motors for movement, and connect wires to make it all
work together. By the end of the assembly process, you will
have your very own robot and ready to explore its surroundings
using its ultrasonic sensor.

So, Robot assembly is like a fun and practical process where we put
together all the pieces of a robot step by step until it's complete and
can do the things we want it to do.
6.2. Required Components
Now that we know what a robot assembly is and why we're building
one, let's gather all the pieces we need for our exciting robot
assembly. Following components are required to make a robot
assembly:
1. Robot Chassis (Body): Think of this as the skeleton of our robot.
It is the structure that holds all the other parts together.
Without it, our robot would be like a puzzle with missing
pieces.

2. Wheels and Motors: Every robot needs a way to move around.

So, Wheels and motors are like our robot's legs. They help it
explore its environment.

3. Caster wheel: It is a special wheel that can rotate 360 degrees,

allowing our robot to change direction easily. It keeps our
robot balanced and makes sure it can pivot smoothly when
needed.

4. Battery: The battery serves as the power source for our robot,
supplying the energy required for its operation.

5. Arduino UNO: This is the brain of our robot. It is like the

computer that tells our robot what to do. It takes input from
sensors (like the ultrasonic sensor) and controls the robot's
movements.

6. L293D Motor Shield for Arduino:

Our robot's motors (wheels) need precise instructions to move
at the right speed and in the correct direction. The Arduino
Motor Shield takes care of this by translating the signals from
 the Arduino UNO into actions that our motors can understand.
In simpler terms, it is the bridge that helps our robot to move
smoothly and accurately.

7. Wires and Connectors: These are like the nerves that let our
robot's parts communicate with each other and with the brain
(Arduino UNO). Without them, our robot would be like a
person trying to talk without a voice.

8. Screw: Our robot is made up of many parts, like the chassis

(the body) and the wheels. To keep these parts firmly attached,
we use screws. Think of them as the glue that holds everything
in place.

These are the basic components we will need to assemble our robot
with an ultrasonic sensor. Each piece has a special work to make our
robot work.

1.3. Steps for Assembling the Robot's Physical Structure

Before we begin, remember that every smart robot starts with a

strong foundation. Just like a house needs a sturdy frame, our robot
needs a reliable structure to hold everything together. Following are
the steps for Assembling the Robot's Physical Structure:

Step 1: Gather Your Components

Before we begin, make sure you have all your tools and
components ready. Check for the robot chassis, wheels,
motors, screws, screwdriver, and any other parts included in
your kit.
Step 2: 3D-printed chassis
In the 3D printing and designing session, we have already learned
to make a 3D-printed chassis. With the 3D-printed chassis
ready, we can now proceed to assemble the components and
complete the robot's body, or alternatively, opt for a metal
chassis based on preference.

Step 3: Attach the Motors

1. Locate the holes on the sides of your robot chassis designed for
attaching motors. Place the motors into these holes.
2. Secure the motors in place using screws. Tighten them enough to
hold the motors firmly but not too tight to damage the chassis.

Step 4: Mount the Wheels

1. On each motor shaft, slide on a wheel. These wheels will be
responsible for our robot's movement.
2. Make sure the wheels are securely attached to the motor shafts
so that they can turn together.

Step 5: Add the Caster Wheel

1. Find a suitable spot on the robot chassis for the caster wheel.
This is usually at the front or back.
2. Fix the caster wheel using screws or Glue gun. Make sure the
caster wheel ball can spin freely.

Step 6: Place the Battery

1. Locate a suitable location for the battery on your robot chassis.
 2. Attach the battery using the double tape and ensure it's in a
position where you can easily access and replace the batteries
when needed.

Step 7: Install the Arduino and Motor Shield

1. Find the right spot on your chassis for your Arduino and the motor
shield.
2. Use double tape to fix the Arduino and motor shield securely.
https://www.meccanismocomplesso.org/wp-content/uploads/
2014/05/stackable.jpg

Step 8: Solder Motor Connections:

Connect the wires from the motors to the motor shield. There are
usually specific ports on the motor shield for this purpose.
Before powering up your robot, double-check all your connections,
screws and components to ensure they are secure and properly
connected. Now, you have successfully assembled the physical
structure of your robot.

1.4. Safety Guidelines for Working with Robots

Robots can be powerful machines and it is crucial to ensure that we
work with them safely.
Here are some essential safety guidelines to follow when working
with robots:
1. Always Supervise: If you are a student, make sure you have adult
supervision when working with robots, especially if you're dealing
with tools, soldering irons, or power tools.
2. Read the Manuals: Before using any robot kit or component, read
and understand the instruction manuals, assembly guides, and safety
guidelines provided by the manufacturer. These documents often
contain critical safety information.
3. Electrical Safety:
Never touch live wires or exposed electrical components. Disconnect
power sources before making any adjustments or connections.
4. Be Cautious with Moving Parts:
If your robot has moving parts such as wheels or arms, be aware of
their movements and keep your hands and fingers clear to avoid
accidents.
5. Handle Hot Components Carefully:
If you are soldering or working with components that generate heat,
be cautious to avoid burns. Use soldering irons and hot glue guns
safely.
6. Emergency Preparedness: Know the location of fire extinguishers,
first aid kits, and emergency exits in your workspace.
By following these safety guidelines, we can create a secure
environment for exploring the world of robotics. Safety isn't just a
rule; it's a habit that ensures our robot-building journey is both
educational and accident-free.

Summary:
● Robot chassis is the structure that holds all the components
together.
● The Arduino UNO acts as the robot's brain, it’s like the
computer that tells our robot what to do.
● Caster wheel is a special wheel that can rotate 360 degrees
and change direction easily.
● Always follow manufacturer instructions and safety guidelines
when using robot components.