OBJECTIVES

Understand the unique

Explore the Identify Major styles and innovations of
Characteristics of Composers and these composers and
Each Period Their Contributions their impact on
instrumental music.

Saturn
Examine the
Evolution of Musical
Styles and
Techniques
 KEYWORDS
Chamber Music
 Music performed by a small group
of musicians, typically one player
per part, designed for intimate
settings such as chambers or
salons.

Composers
 Individuals who write music,
creating original works or arranging
existing pieces.
 KEYWORDS
Conductor
 The leader of an orchestra or ensemble, responsible for
interpreting the musical score, coordinating rehearsals, and
directing performances.
 KEYWORDS
Harpsichord
 A keyboard instrument, precursor to the piano, in which strings
are plucked by quills controlled by keys. It was widely used in
Baroque music.

Opérette
A genre of light opera, originating in France, characterized by a
blend of spoken dialogue and musical numbers, often featuring
romantic or comedic themes.
 KEYWORDS
Organ
 A large musical instrument consisting of one or more sets of
pipes sounded by means of compressed air, controlled by
keyboards and played by the hands and feet.
Protestant
 Refers to the branch of Christianity that emerged from the
Protestant Reformation, which opposed the teachings and
practices of the Roman Catholic Church.

Sonata
 A musical composition for one or more solo instruments, typically
consisting of three or four contrasting movements.
 KEYWORDS
Symphony
 A large-scale orchestral composition, typically in four
movements, showcasing various musical themes and tonalities.

Violin
 A stringed instrument played with a bow, characterized by its four
strings and a fretless fingerboard, and producing a sound
through the vibration of the strings.

Virtuosos
 Highly skilled musicians who demonstrate exceptional technical
ability and mastery of their instruments, often recognized for their
dazzling performances.
 INTRODUCTION
The evolution of instrumental music from the
Baroque period to the modern era has been
marked by significant changes in style,
technique, and innovation. Each period
introduced new forms, instruments, and
compositional approaches, shaping the
landscape of instrumental music.
 PERIODS OF
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
BAROQUE
PERIOD
 BAROQUE INSTRUMENTAL
MUSIC

Baroque
- thefirst period in which instrumental music is as important as
vocal, especially important in the rise of instrumental music -
growing popularity, using several amateur violinists created a
market for composers.

- the development and emergence of what we know as the

modern orchestra and opera (the Overture, concerto, prelude and
arias etc).
 BAROQUE INSTRUMENTAL
MUSIC

Instrumental Virtuosos
Emerged:

● Bach & Handel: Organ

 BAROQUE INSTRUMENTAL
MUSIC

● Corelli & Vivaldi: Violin Scarlatti & Couperin: Harpsichord

 BAROQUE INSTRUMENTAL
MUSIC

Baroque Music
-aheavily ornamented style of
music that came out of the
Renaissance.

- The Baroque period lasted from

1600 until 1750.
 FAMOUS
COMPOSERS OF THE
BAROQUE PERIOD
JOHANN PACHELBEL

• German composer known for his works for

organ and one of the greatest organ
master of the generation before Johann
Sebastian Bach.

• Studied music at Altdorf and Regensburg.

• Pachelbel's compositions often combined

the lyrical musical atmosphere of the
Catholic south with Protestant influences.

• Known for his contrapuntally simple

style.
JOHANN PACHELBEL

.FAMOUS WORKS

• Pachelbel's Canon in D was written for three

violins and Basso Contiewo and was
followed by a gigue in the same key as
well as the Chaconne in F minor for organ
and the Hexachordum Apollinis, a set of
keyboard variations.
 ANTONIO VIVALDI

● Nicknamed il Prete Rosso ("The Red

Priest").

● Famous virtuoso violinist.

● Born and raised in the Republic of

Venice.

● Most famous as a composer, he was

regarded as an exceptional technical
violinist.
 ANTONIO VIVALDI

● One of the Baroque era's greatest

composers, loved the violin.

● Wrote over 500 concertos, nearly half of

them with solo pieces for violinists.

FAMOUS WORKS
● The Four Seasons
● Concerto No. 5 in E Flat Major, "La
Tempesta Di Mare" (The Storm at Sea)
● The Anna Maria Concertos
 JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH

• Composer of the Baroque era

and the most celebrated member
of a large family of North German
musicians.

• An outstanding harpsichordist,
organist, and expert on organ
building.

• Generally regarded as one of

the greatest composers of all
time (Blanning, 2008).
 JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH

• Bach enriched German music by

mastering counterpoint, harmony, and
motifs. He incorporated rhythms, forms,
and textures from Italy and France.

• compositions include hundreds of

cantatas, both sacred and secular,
Latin church music and Pas motets.

FAMOUS WORKS
• Brandenburg Concertos
• The Well- Tempered Clavier
• The Mass in B Minor
GEORGE FREDERICK HANDEL

• English composer of the late Baroque era,

noted particularly for his operas, oratorios,
and instrumental compositions.

• Known for such occasional pieces as

Water Music (1717) and Music for the
Royal Fireworks (1749).

• Long series of overtures (mostly in the

French style).
GEORGE FREDERICK HANDEL

• Orchestral concertos (Op. 3 and Op. 6).

• large-scale concert music for strings and

winds (such as the Water Music and the
Fireworks Music), and the massive double
concertos and organ concertos.
 FRANZ SCHUBERT

● Over 600 secular vocal works (mainly

Lieder), seven complete symphonies,
sacred music, operas, incidental music
and a large body of chamber and piano
music.

● Bridged the worlds of Classical and

Romantic music, noted for the melody
and harmony in his songs (lieder) and
chamber music.
 FRANZ SCHUBERT
● Symphony No. 9 in C Major (The Great;
1828), Symphony in B Minor (Unfinished;
1822), masses, and piano works.

● His first full-length opera, Des Teufels

Lustschloss (The Devil's Palace of
Desire), was finished while he was at the
training college.

● On October 19, 1814, he first set to

music a poem by Goethe, "Gretchen am
Spinnrade" ("Gretchen at the Spinning
Wheel"), from Faust.
CLASSICAL
PERIOD
 CLASSICAL
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC

● The classical era saw the development of form and clarity in

structure and order. During this era, development of the form
of what we know as the modern sonata form.

● The further development of the concerto and symphony forms

also reached a new level of refined order.
 FAMOUS
COMPOSERS OF THE
CLASSICAL PERIOD
 JOSEPH HAYDN

● One of the most important figures in the

development of the Classical style in
music during the 18th century.

● Helped establish the forms and styles for

the string quartet and the symphony.

● Father of Quartet and the Father of

Symphony (Rosen, 1997).
 JOSEPH HAYDN

FAMOUS WORKS
● String quartets of Opus 20
● Piano Sonata in C Minor
● The symphonies 192 in minor keys
● Trauersymphonie in E Minor, No. 44
("Mourning Symphony”
● Farewell Symphony, No. 45
 WOLFGANG AMADEUS
MOZART
● Considered the greatest composer in
Western music history.

● Alongside Haydn and Beethoven,

brought the Viennese Classical school to
its pinnacle.

● Excelled in all genres due to his taste,

command of form, and range of
expression.
 WOLFGANG AMADEUS
MOZART
WORKS AND COMPOSITIONS
●Serenades, divertimenti, and dances,
epitomizing the Classical "age of
elegance.“
●"Eine kleine Nachtmusik" (A Little Night
Music), a renowned Serenade in G
major.
●String quartets, quintets, and the Clarinet
Quintet.
●Mass in C minor and the unfinished
Requiem
●"Le nozze di Figaro" (The Marriage of
Figaro, 1786)
 LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN

• A German composer born on

December 17, 1770, in Cologne,
Germany.

• Greatest composer who ever lived.

• Dominates a period of musical history

as no one else before or since.

• His art reaches out to encompass the

new spirit of humanism and incipient
nationalism.
 LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN

• He was a considerable innovator,

widening the scope of sonata,
symphony, concerto, and quartet,
while in the Ninth Symphony he
combined the worlds of vocal and
instrumental music in a manner never
before attempted.

FAMOUS WORKS
• Symphony #7 Movement 2
• Symphony 6 (The Pastoral)
Movement 1
• Fur Elise
ROMANTIC
PERIOD
 ROMANTIC
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC

● The Romantic movement was an artistic, literary, and

intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the
18th century in Europe and was strengthened in reaction to the
Industrial Revolution.

● Romantic music - period of Western classical music that

began in the late 18th or early 19th century.
 FAMOUS
COMPOSERS OF THE
ROMANTIC PERIOD
 CARL MARIA VON WEBER

• A German composer and opera

director during the transition from
Classical to Romantic music

• His body of Catholic religious music

was highly popular in 19th- century
Germany, and he composed one of
the earliest song cycles, Die
Temperamente beim Verluste der
Geliebten ([Four] Temperaments on
the Loss of a Lover).

• First conductors to conduct without a

piano or violin (Henderson, 1990).
 CARL MARIA VON WEBER

FAMOUS WORKS
• composed four sonatas, two
concertos, and the Konzertstück in F
minor (concert piece)
• Der Freischütz (1821
• The Freeshooter or, more
colloquially, The Magic Marksman)
• Euryanthe (1823),
• Oberon (1826)
• composed four sonatas, two
concertos, and the Konzertstück in F
minor (concert piece)
FREDERIC CHOPIN

• Born on March 1, 1810, Zelazowa

Wola, near Warsaw, Duchy of
Warsaw [now in Poland].

• Polish-French composer and pianist

of the Romantic period.

• Best known for his solo pieces for

piano and his piano concerti.
FREDERIC CHOPIN

FAMOUS WORKS
• Revolutionary Etude (Op. 10, No.
12),
• The Minute Waltz (Op. 64, No. 1).
 ROBERT SCHUMAN

● German Romantic composer renowned

particularly for his piano music, songs
(lieder), and orchestral music.

● His music is best broken down into two

categories based on their size: small-
scale pieces like the lieder and piano
pieces, and large-scale pieces, like his
symphonies, piano concertos, and opera.
 ROBERT SCHUMAN

● 1842 Schumann focused on chamber

music, composing three string quartets,
the often heard Piano Quintet and
Quartet in E-flat (Berthold, 1918).

FAMOUS WORKS
● Carnaval
● The Davidsbündler Tänze
● The Symphonic Etudes, the Fantasy in C
● Kinderszenen (Scenes from Childhood)
● Kreisleriana
 FRANZ LISZT

● A piano virtuoso and composer.

● Among his many notable compositions

are his 12 symphonic poems, two
(completed) piano concerti, several
sacred choral works, and a great variety
of solo piano pieces.

● Majority of Liszt's piano compositions

reflect his advanced virtuosity
 FRANZ LISZT

● There was a period in which many

considered Liszt's works "flashy" or
superficial, it is now held that many of Liszt's
compositions contain parallel fifths, the
whole-tone scale, parallel diminished and
augmented triads, and unresolved
dissonances, anticipated and influenced
twentieth-century music.
 RICHARD WAGNER

• Born on May 22, 1813, in Leipzig,

Germany, into a middle-class family.

• He began his career in 1833 as a

choral director in Würzburg and
composed his early works in imitation
of German.

• Wrote his first opera, Die Feen (The

Fairies), in 1833.

• Director of the theater in Magdeburg

from 1834 to 1836.
 RICHARD WAGNER

• Became the first music director of the

theater in Riga in 1837 until 1839.

FAMOUS WORKS
• Annhäuser (1845)
• Lohengrin (1850)
• Tristan und Isolde (1865)
• Parsifal (1882)
• The Ring of the Nibelung (1869-76)
• (Newman, 1960)
 JACQUES OFFENBACH

• Created a type of light burlesque

French comic opera known as the
opérette

• Produced operettas at Ems in

Germany and an opéra-ballet in
Vienna, Die Rheinnixen (1864; Rhine
Spirits)

• Was called by Gioachino Rossini "our

little Mozart of the Champs-Elysées.“

• Wrote more than 100 stage works

 JACQUES OFFENBACH

• Credited with writing in a fluent,

elegant style and with a highly
developed sense of both
characterization and satire
(particularly in his irreverent
treatment of mythological
subjects)
JOHANNES BRAHMS

• German composer and pianist of the

Romantic period, who wrote symphonies,
concerti, chamber music, piano works,
choral compositions, and more than 200
songs.

• The great master of symphonic and sonata

style in the second half of the 19th century.
JOHANNES BRAHMS

FAMOUS WORKS AND COMPOSITIONS

• Liebeslieder Waltzes (Love Songs

Waltzes)
• Ein Deutsches Requiem (A German
Requiem)
• Symphony No. 1 in C Minor (1876)
• Symphony No. 2 in D Major (1877)
• Symphony No. 3 in F Major (1883)
PYOTR ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY

• Work was first publicly performed in 1865.

• His First Symphony was well-received in

1868.

• In 1874, he established himself with Piano

Concerto No.1 in B-flat Minor.

• Produced his first symphony, Symphony

No. 1 in G Minor (composed 1866; Winter
Daydreams), and his first opera, The
Voyevoda (1868).
PYOTR ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY

WORKS
• Swan Lake (1876)
• The Sleeping Beauty (1890)
• The Nutcracker (1892)
NIKOLAI RIMSKY-KORSAKOV

• Known for his descriptive and colorful

compositions.

• Composed operas primarily based on

Russian or Slavic fairy tales, literature, and
history.

• Inspired two generations of musicians with

his magical realism and incorporation of
folk themes.
NIKOLAI RIMSKY-KORSAKOV

WORKS AND COMPOSITIONS

• Snow Maiden (1882)
• Sadko
• The Tsar's Bride (1899)
• The Tale of Tsar Saltan
• The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh
• The Maiden Fevronia
• Le Coq d'or (1909)
• The Flight of the Bumble Bee
• Capriccio Espagnol (1887)
RICHARD STRAUSS

• Born in Munich on June 11, 1864.

• First child of the musician Franz Joseph Strauss

and his wife Josepha (who is descended from
the Brewery Dynasty Pschorr).

• By his 18th Birthday, he had composed 140

works of which about 60 were lieder and 40
were Plano works.

• His "Opus 1" "Festive March for Large

Orchestra" was released in 1981.
RICHARD STRAUSS

• In 1894, Richard Strauss dedicated the "Four

Songs" Op. 27 (Lovers' Pledge "," Tomorrow
"among others) to his bride.

• Developed Lieder on a regular basis as a way to

have some artistic diversification from his
symphonic poems and other instrumental
pieces.

• An acclaimed piano accompanist for his songs;

with singers such as Pauline Strauss-de-Ahna,
Franz Steiner, Elisabeth Schumann, and Hans
Hotter.
MODERN
PERIOD
 MODERN INSTRUMENTAL
MUSIC

● During the 20th century there was a vast increase in the variety
of music that people had access to and saw dramatic
innovations in musical forms and styles.

● Composers and songwriters explored new forms and sounds

that challenged the previously accepted rules of music of earlier
periods, such as the use of altered chords and extended chords
in 1940s-era Bebopjazz.
 MODERN INSTRUMENTAL
MUSIC

● Recording technology also provided composers with a new

"instrument": recorded sounds, which could be manipulated in
endless ways.

● The development of audio recording technology, along with the

ability to quickly and cheaply distribute recordings and scores,
was central to the revolution of modern music.
 FAMOUS
COMPOSERS OF THE
MODERN PERIOD
CLAUDE DEBUSSY

• Born on August 22, 1862, in Saint-Germain-en-

Laye, France.

• Showed talent in piano from a young age,

entering the Paris Conservatory at 10 or 11.

• Recognized for his talent, although his

innovative ideas were sometimes seen as
strange.

• Won the Prix de Rome in 1884 with his cantata

L'Enfant prodigue.
CLAUDE DEBUSSY

• Integrated gamelan elements into his music,

leading to new sounds.

• Remembered as a musical legend whose

innovative compositions have influenced
generations.

WORKS AND COMPOSITIONS

• Ariettes oubliées (1888)
• Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune (1892)
• The String Quartet (1893).
 ARNOLD SCHOENBERG

• Austrian-American composer

• Born on September 13, 1874 in

Vienna, Austria.

• Created new methods of musical

composition involving atonality,
namely serialism and the 12-tone
row.

• One of the most-Influential teachers

of the 20th century.
 ARNOLD SCHOENBERG

• Demonstrated from early age a

particular aptitude for composition.

• Fr him, the dissolution of tonality was

a logical and inevitable step in the
evolution of Western music.

• One of the most significant figures in

music history.
WORKS
• The Five Orchestral Pieces (1909)
• The epochal Pierrot hunaire (1912).
 JOSEPH MAURICE RAVEL

• Born on March 7, 1875, in Ciboure,

France.

• Widely regarded as France's most

popular composer.

• Remembered for his deep devotion

to music, saying, "The only love affair
I have ever had was with music.“
 JOSEPH MAURICE RAVEL

WORKS
• Pavane pour une infante défunte
(Pavane for a Dead Princess; 1899)
• Jeux d'eau (1901), dedicated to
Fauré.
• String Quartet (1903) in F major
• Le Tombeau de Couperin, a suite for
solo piano (circa 1917).
• Orchestral pieces like Rapsodie
espagnole and Boléro.
JOHN CAGE

• Born on September 5, 1912 in Los Angeles,

California.

• 1939 he had begun to experiment with

increasingly unorthodox instruments such as the
"prepared piano, tape recorders, record players
and radios.“

• Cultivated the principle of indeterminism in his

music

• his work was recognized as significant in the

development of traditions ranging from minimalist
and electronic music to performance art.
JOHN CAGE

WORKS
• 4'33 "(Four Minutes and Thirty- three Seconds,
1952)
• Published several books, including Silence:
Lectures and Writings (1961)
• M: Writings '67 -72 (1973)
• Fontana Mix (1958)
• Cheap Imitation (1969)
• The Sonatas and Interludes (1946-48)
PHILIP GLASS

• Born in 1937 and raised in Baltimore

• Known for his collaborations with artists like

Robert Wilson and his association with leading
figures in rock, pop, and world music.

• Formed the Philip Glass Ensemble in 1967,

pioneering a new musical style.

• First composer to win a wide, multi -

generational audience in the opera house, the
concert hall, the dance world, in film and in
popular music – simultaneously.
PHILIP GLASS

WORKS
• Einstein on the Beach
• Satyagraha
• Akhnaten
• The Voyage
• Koyaanisqatsi
• The Hours
• Kundun
• Ten symphonies
• Concertos for various instruments,
including piano, violin, timpani, and
saxophone quartet.
REFERENCES
• Leano, Roman D., (2018) Art
Appreciation for College Students.
Mindshapers Co., Inc
• https://en.wikipedia.org/
• Studuco.com
• https://www.greatertorontomusic.ca/p
ost/7-eras-of-classical-music
MEMBERS:
• BASTIDA, NIÑO
• DAPROSA, PAMELA
• GUINDARA, NELGIE
• SON, FRETCHIE
• SUPERALES, JAMES
• TANGHAL, NICK JOHN
• TAMPON, MARIA HYDI
• TAMAYO, GRACEL ANN
• TIZON, ANGELICA
• VILLARMEA, ROWENA
• YUZON, ROSE MARIE