Workbook 2 Pedestrianise A CAD File

Practice Workbook
This workbook is designed for use in Live, instructor-led training and for OnDemand self-study. The explanations
and demonstrations are provided by the instructor in the classroom, or in the OnDemand eLectures of this course
available on the Bentley LEARNserver (learn.bentley.com).
This practice workbook is formatted for on-screen viewing using a PDF reader. It is also available as a PDF
document in the dataset for this course.
Pedestrianise a CAD file

This workbook contains exercises to prepare a CAD file for import to LEGION Model Builder.
TRNC03544-1/0001
Copyright © Bentley Systems, Incorporated DO NOT DISTRIBUTE – Printing for student use is permitted 1
Description and Objectives
Course Description
In this workbook you will:
• Learn how to clean a CAD drawing for import to LEGION Model Builder and
• Understand how CAD must be classified to be ready for use in LEGION.
Exercise 1: Open MicroStation and the Generic Station CAD drawing
In this exercise, we will:
• Learn how to find, open and save the original CAD file.
Note: Before starting, you can go through the Presentation 10 Preparing CAD.
Open MicroStation, OpenBuildings Designer, OpenBuildings Station Designer, or other CAD software and browse for the Generic
Station CAD file.
The following drawing should appear:
Go to File > Save as…
Rename it Generic Station_Clean and press Save.
Exercise 2: Preparing CAD Levels/Layers
• Learn how to create new layers containing LEGION’s convention.
Note: CAD plans typically require editing and restructuring to be ready for import into the Model Builder module; this process is termed
Pedestrianisation.
There are three main categories of CAD in LEGION:
• Presentation CAD
• Simulation CAD
• Small Objects CAD
Note: Presentation CAD lines provide useful contextual information about the pedestrian venue, but they are not true obstacles;
examples include:
• Text
• Stair flights and landings
• Escalator landings, comb lines and work points
Presentation CAD can also provide useful reference points for object snaps when creating and placing Activity Objects.
Note: Simulation CAD lines represent objects that are genuine obstacles to pedestrians; examples include:
• Walls
• Balustrades and railings
• Ticket gates
• Windows
• Door leaves
• Furniture
• Vehicles
Note: There is a special sub-category of Simulation CAD that is termed Small Objects. CAD objects in the Small Objects layer will be
included for Simulation but excluded from the shortest path, macroscopic calculations (when calculating the shortest route
trajectory, Entity would not take these objects into account but would still avoid them when approaching them).
Note: A second sub-category of Simulation CAD that is called Hidden is used to close areas to pedestrian but are not actual obstacles.
Those lines will not be shown when extracting the outputs and so are only used for the simulation.
Note: Reference CAD lines provide assistance for the model building process. They can inform the user the shape of specific objects
where he can snap to when creating them; examples include:
• Waiting areas
• Transition zones between 2 floors
Note: As those three main CAD types have different proprieties, they belong to different layers:
• P Level/Layer for Presentation CAD
• S Level/Layer for Simulation CAD
• X Level/Layer for Reference CAD
The first step when preparing the CAD is therefore to create the different levels/layers that will be used.
Go to the Level/Layer Manager tool.
Create the six following CAD Layers:
• S – Simulation
• S – Small Objects
• S – Hidden
• P – Presentation
• P – Text
• X – Reference
Specify different colours for each of them.
Note: LEGION best practice is to have S Layers in white, P Layers in dark grey and X Layers in red.
Your new layers should look like the image below:
Close the Level/Layer Manager dialog.
Exercise 3: Removing Unnecessary Levels/Layers
• Remove unnecessary layers that are not suitable for our pedestrian environment.
Note: When receiving the CAD files from the architects or designers, it is possible that there are numerous layers that are not suitable
for our pedestrian environment. Some of those layers are listed below but are not restricted to:
• Roof layers
• Electrical and/or water supply layers
• Drawing information layers
Note: It would be possible to keep all layers and to select only the one you want to import into LEGION. However, some files might
have hundreds of layers which can results in difficulties to find the few ones you want to import when using the CAD Import
Manage (next chapter).
Go to the Level/Layer Display Manager dialog.
Hide or turn off the display of all levels/layers.
Go through the list and show or display every layer that you feel could be deleted depending on their name.
Note: To decide if a level/layer could be deleted, look at its name. If it is not relevant to the pedestrian environment layers, then it can
probably be deleted. For the ones you are not sure, leave them hidden or displayed off.
The full list of levels/layers that can be shown or displayed in your workspace is presented below:
• Defpoints
• Dimensions
• Grid Labels
• Grid Lines
• Revision cloud
• Section mark
• Shutters
• Title block
• Up arrows
Close the Display Manager to go back to the main window.
The drawing should look like the image here:
Select all displayed lines
Press Delete.
Go to the Display Manager dialog.
Display or show all the remaining levels/layers.
The drawing should be easier to understand and should look like the image below:
It represents a tube station with a street access on the top-right corner, leading to a concourse via a stair. Inside the concourse, there is a
fast-food, a book store, three ticket machines and a ticket office. There is also a second access to the concourse via an entrance at the
bottom right of the drawing.
Passengers can access the paid area via 9 gates which lead to a set of escalators and a stair to access the northbound platform. To access
the southbound platform, passengers need to go left after the gates to walk over the metro tracks and use a set of escalators and a stair to
access the platform level.
Exercise 4: Removing lines
• Learn how to remove unnecessary CAD lines.
Note: There might be some CAD lines within the wanted levels/layers that can be deleted.
Have a closer look to see if there are some unwanted lines that could bloc entity’s movement.
Select and delete the door swings to access the concourse:
Repeat for the doors at the bottom entrance.
As LEGION doesn’t have the capabilities of a CAD software, it is possible that some CAD lines are not supported. This is generally the case
with the hatch areas.
Zoom into the pedestrian crossing at the top right corner of the drawing, click while holding ctrl each hatch areas to select them and
press Delete. The two images below present the drawing before and after removing the hatch areas:
Exercise 5: Moving and Creating lines into LEGION Layers
• Learn how to move CAD lines to the LEGION’s layers.
Note: As mentioned, to ease the import process into LEGION, the drawing should contain as few levels/layers as possible and so
original levels/layers should be removed.
Prior removing those levels/layers, CAD lines need to be moved to one of the LEGION levels/layers created earlier:
• S – Simulation;
• S – Small Objects;
• S – Hidden;
• P – Presentation;
• P – Text;
• X – Reference;
Go to the Display Manager tool
Make sure all layers are shown or displayed on.
Locate the LEGION levels/layers and hide or display them off.
Note: By hiding the LEGION levels/layers, when moving CAD lines into them, the lines will disappear from the drawing. When all lines
have been moved, the drawing and all original levels/layers should be empty.
Presentation Layer
Note: Remember, Presentation CAD lines provide useful contextual information about the pedestrian venue.
You can move all texts to the P – Text layer.
Select all the text elements and move them to the P – Text level/layer
Note: A message might appear to warn you that the CAD lines are being moved to a hidden layer. Press OK.
Another set of CAD lines should be moved to the Presentation Layer, those are the lines that pedestrians can cross without any change in
their behaviour.
If you go through the drawing chronologically, in term of pedestrian

movement, from the street (at the top of the drawing) to the metro
platforms, select the following CAD lines:
• The vertical lines of the pedestrian crossing
• The 15 lines representing the steps to enter the concourse
• All the lines representing the stairs and escalators steps
Once selected, move them the P – Presentation level/layer.
Your drawing should look like the image to the right:
Small Object Layer
Remember, Small Objects, are composed of Simulation CAD lines which represent objects that are genuine obstacles to pedestrians.
However, they are the one which are relatively small (i.e. polls, posts, bins, handrail…).
Note: Small Objects shouldn’t be larger than 1-meter wide.
In the Generic Station drawing, there is a set of 4 columns inside the concourse that are considered as Small Objects.
Both middle doors to enter the concourse can also be considered as Small Objects. Even if the length of the doors might be longer than 1
meter, the movement of the pedestrians needs to be taken into account. Pedestrian will walk parallel to those doors and so only the width of
the obstacle should be considered in that case.
The two handrails on the stairs have similar proprieties than the middle doors and can be considered as Small Objects.
Select those 8 obstacles and move them to the S – Small Objects

level/layer.
Note: The gate to cross to the paid area have similar proprieties
than the middle doors (narrow and long). However, contrary to
the doors where passengers walk through, gates are
considered as activities where passengers must do an action
(scanning their card). In that sense, gate choice and
negotiation will be dealt within the Model Builder module and
so gates are considered as normal obstacles.
Your drawing should look like the image to the right:
Simulation Layer
All other CAD lines present in the drawing should represent obstacles.
Select all lines and move them to the S - Simulation level/layer.
You shouldn’t have any more CAD lines shown.
Turn back on all the levels/layers.
The drawing should look like the image below:
Reference Layer
Remember, Reference CAD lines provide assistance for the model building process. They can inform the user the shape of specific objects
where he can snap to when creating them.
Those CAD lines are not provided by the original drawing but are created by the user to ease the modelling process when using the Model
Builder module.
The most common Reference CAD lines represent the Transition Zones to transfer from one floor to another. As we will see in the next step
called Separating floor levels (or Accessible Spaces), floors are split at the vertical circulations and Entities are transferred from one floor to
another via a Transition Zone inside the stairs and escalators.
Note: The Accessible Space is the space within a model through which Entities can move: the walkable areas within a venue, station,
building, stadium, etc.
It is recommended to draw the Transition Zones before separating floors levels, so they will represent the same part of the vertical
circulations in each level.
Start by activating the X - Reference level/layer.
Zoom into the first set of escalators and stairs at the left side of the drawing and select the Place
Block tool.
On the left escalator, draw a rectangle below the top of the bottom step of the top set of steps.
This rectangle will represent the Transition Zones and should be the same width as the escalator and
2 meters long.
Your drawing should look like the image to the right.
Repeat the same steps to create two additional Transition Zones into the next stair and escalator
on the right just next to the first one.
Once completed, the drawing should look like the image to the right:
Repeat the process at the second set of escalators and stair leading to the northbound platform.
For the staircase 01 leading to the northbound
platform, you can create only one Transition Zone on
the top flight starting from the last step.
Its geometry is also the width of the stair and should be 2

meters long.
The drawing with Transition Zones leading to the

northbound platform should look like the image to the
right:
Exercise 6: Separating Floor Levels
• Learn how to separate levels where each floor is represented by an Accessible Space.
Note: LEGION is a 2D software and even if Entities are aware of their environment, they are not aware of the different levels. There for,
Accessible Spaces cannot be superimposed and have to be separated from each other.
For example, in the case of the Generic Station drawing, Entities willing to access the southbound platform will need to use the passage
over the metro tracks.
If we consider the drawing as a 2D environment, the corridor leading to the overpass is closed by the wall of the northbound platform.
See image below:
To split a drawing into separate Accessible Spaces, start by copying the entire drawing and paste it next to it. As there are two floors, there
should be two Accessible Spaces and so two drawings. Each drawing will be reduced to a single Accessible Space.
Select all CAD lines.
Press Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V to copy the drawing.
Click wherever you want to drop the drawing into the workspace.
The two drawings should look like the image below:
The left drawing will be use for the platform and the right drawing for the concourse and the street level.
Note: Stairs and escalators between two Accessible Spaces are kept in both levels.
On the left drawing, remove every line related to the concourse and street level. Make sure to keep all stairs and escalators.
On the right drawing, remove every line related to the platforms level. Make sure to keep all stairs and escalators.
The drawings should look like the image below. The left drawing includes both platforms and every vertical circulation leading to them. The
right drawing includes the concourse, the street and every vertical circulation leading to the platforms.
The two Accessible Spaces are now in distinctive layers and are not superimposing each other.
If Entities are willing to go to the southbound platform, they can now use the overpass to access the set of escalators and stair. Once on the
escalator or stair, they will walk down until they step inside one of the Transition Zones to disappear from the concourse and streets level
and reappear inside the replicate Transition Zone of the platform level.
Note: Transition Zones should represent the same area of each vertical circulations. As Entities disappear and reappear at the same
location within corresponding Transition Zone, if their location is different, Entities will see their path within the stair or escalator
increased or decreased.
Exercise 7: Modifying CAD levels
• Learn how to amend the CAD drawings to be representative the 2D environment.
In specific cases, some CAD work must be done to replicate the actual pedestrian environment.
For example, within the Generic Station drawing, if Entities would like to use the staircase 01 to access the northbound platform. They will
use the Transition Zones and reappearing within the platform level. However, from there, there is no possible routes to access the platform.
The CAD then must be changed to represent the pedestrian environment of the platform level.
The first stair flight (for the down movement) is used before Entities reach the Transition Zone. And so, it should be used as a third stair flight
for the down movement. This flight should lead to the corridor going to the platform.
Zoom within the Staircase of the platform level.
Select the upper line of the corridor and extend its right extremity to the void within the staircase.
Select the two vertical lines on the middle of the corridor and reduce their length by moving their lower extremities to the upper wall of
the corridor.
By opposition, close the right end of the corridor by increasing the length of the far-right wall (the last two vertical lines). Select those two
lines and move their bottom extremities to the lower wall of the corridor:
Open the space composing the landing between the Transition Zone and the next flight. Select the two vertical lines in the middle of the
landing and move their right extremity to the void in the middle of the staircase:
Make sure to close the lower wall of the corridor.
And delete unwanted CAD lines.
Move the STAIRCAS 01 text to a better location.
The drawing should look like the image below:
Note: At any time, the Transition Zone and its close environment moved from its original location. This is to ensure that both Transition
Zones represent the same part of the stair.
Exercise 8: Positioning Levels
• Learn position the different levels for a better understanding while simulating.
Note: There is no obligation to position the different levels in a specific hierarchy. However, to ease the understanding of Entities’
movement, it is recommended to orientate and arrange the floor plans in a logical manner that assists understanding of the venue
and makes best use of available screen area.
Select all CADs from the platform level drawing.
Move the drawing and position it to make sure

the left sets of escalators and stair are aligned.
The drawing should look like the image here:
By aligning the left sets of escalators and stair, it will

be easier to follow Entities when they will use one of
those vertical circulations. Plus, the whole model is
reduced to a smaller area, so it will be easier to
follow all Entities without having to move within the
model.
Exercise 9: Enclosing Accessible Space
• Learn how to close Accessible Space so entity’s movements are restricted.
Once the floor plans have been arranged, move all objects so that the centre of the consolidated plan is located at, or close to, the (0, 0)
CAD origin point.
Note: This has already been done in the Generic Station drawing but this step is important avoid accuracy issues associated with very
large values of (x, y), so should not be omitted in project work.
To limit the allocation of computer memory to space that entities can use (known as Accessible Space), this should be enclosed by CAD in
the model. For example, in the Generic Station drawing, the pavements have been closed with a Simulation CAD line. This should now be
done for the open ends of vertical circulation elements, too.
When separating the floor levels in Exercise 6, we opened holes in the perimeter of the model. Consequently, the extremities of each stair
and escalator lead nowhere. So, Accessible Space could leak out into the entire model area, inside the world boundary. This would
unnecessarily increase model size and could affect simulation time, or even Route Choice, if Entities erroneously chose shorter routes
outside the station’s true area.
To close the building boundaries, activate the S - Hidden level/layer.
Zoom into the first set of escalators and stair at the left side of the drawing.
Select the Line tool.
Close each extremity of the set of escalators and stair.
At the extremities leading nowhere, draw a line from the far-left extremity of the bank to the far-right
extremity of the same bank.
Repeat the steps for the second set of escalators and stair. The drawing should look like the
image to the right:
Repeat the process at the two sets of escalators and stair leading to the northbound platform.
Your final drawing should look like the image below:
Exercise 10: Removing Unnecessary Levels/Layers
• Learn how to remove empty levels/layers.
Note: In Exercise 5, we moved all necessary lines into LEGION layers to reduce the number of layers to a minimum. We will now
remove empty levels/layers.
To delete unnecessary or unused levels/layers, go to the Level/Layer manager.
The Level/Layer manager dialog should appear.
Press Ctrl + A to select all layers.
Click on the Delete Level icon.
All empty layers should have been removed.
Along with the 0 layer, you should only have the LEGION
levels/layers.
Note: There may be additional levels/layers that are not

active in the file but are read from a library. These
cannot be deleted.
Close the Level Manager tool.
Save your file and close the CAD application.
Your file is now ready to be exporting into the LEGION Model Builder application.

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Practice Workbook

Pedestrianise a CAD file

In this workbook you will:

• Understand how CAD must be classified to be ready for use in LEGION.

The following drawing should appear:

Go to File > Save as…

Rename it Generic Station_Clean and press Save.

• Learn how to create new layers containing LEGION’s convention.

There are three main categories of CAD in LEGION:

• Small Objects CAD

• Stair flights and landings

• Escalator landings, comb lines and work points

• Balustrades and railings

• Transition zones between 2 floors

• P Level/Layer for Presentation CAD

• S Level/Layer for Simulation CAD

• X Level/Layer for Reference CAD

Go to the Level/Layer Manager tool.

Create the six following CAD Layers:

Specify different colours for each of them.

Your new layers should look like the image below:

Close the Level/Layer Manager dialog.

• Electrical and/or water supply layers

• Drawing information layers

Go to the Level/Layer Display Manager dialog.

Hide or turn off the display of all levels/layers.

Close the Display Manager to go back to the main window.

The drawing should look like the image here:

Select all displayed lines

Go to the Display Manager dialog.

Display or show all the remaining levels/layers.

• Learn how to remove unnecessary CAD lines.

Select and delete the door swings to access the concourse:

Repeat for the doors at the bottom entrance.

• Learn how to move CAD lines to the LEGION’s layers.

Go to the Display Manager tool

Make sure all layers are shown or displayed on.

Locate the LEGION levels/layers and hide or display them off.

You can move all texts to the P – Text layer.

If you go through the drawing chronologically, in term of pedestrian

• The vertical lines of the pedestrian crossing

• The 15 lines representing the steps to enter the concourse

• All the lines representing the stairs and escalators steps

Once selected, move them the P – Presentation level/layer.

Your drawing should look like the image to the right:

Small Object Layer

Note: Small Objects shouldn’t be larger than 1-meter wide.

Select those 8 obstacles and move them to the S – Small Objects

Your drawing should look like the image to the right:

Select all lines and move them to the S - Simulation level/layer.

You shouldn’t have any more CAD lines shown.

Turn back on all the levels/layers.

The drawing should look like the image below:

Start by activating the X - Reference level/layer.

Your drawing should look like the image to the right.

Its geometry is also the width of the stair and should be 2

The drawing with Transition Zones leading to the

Select all CAD lines.

Press Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V to copy the drawing.

The two drawings should look like the image below:

• Learn how to amend the CAD drawings to be representative the 2D environment.

Zoom within the Staircase of the platform level.

Make sure to close the lower wall of the corridor.