Q1- There was a time when the mela chiraghan, the annual festival of lights in honor of the great

Punjabi Sufi poet Madho Lal Hussain, saw the people of Lahore rubbing shoulders regardless of class or
communal back- grounds. Still held on popular demand, it is now merely an occasion for the lower strata
of the city's teeming millions to congregate and partake of the celebrations. The reason for the
distancing of the middle and upper classes is not difficult to discern. Madho Lal might have been "a good
Punjabi poet" but he "left the path of sharia" and "no true Muslim can take pride in him."

This textbook proves Ramay's case in the very process of rejecting it. Launching a frontal attack on
Punjabi, the writer asserts that although the poetry "might be rich in wisdom. [the] Punjabi language is
by no means a refined language.... It has no rules and regulations ... no grammar.... It is rather a crude
and rustic language." So "from every point of view" the "whole 'Punjabi case"' is "fundamentally a bad
and totally a false case" with "no solid foundations at all," a mere concoction of "defeated, dejected and
mischief-monger peoples [sic]." Something "positive" had to be done in "snubbing such anti-Pakistan
ideology elements."

a. Class difference is asked in the question hence it has to be mentioned to score marks
b. Importance of Mela chiraghan has to be discussed as Ayesha jalal uses it to discuss the class
differences (the question is asking you to talk about Ayesha Jalal’s example of this mela to
highlight class struggles post and pre partition)
c. It is important to discuss the reason behind this class struggle ie analyze the line : "a good
Punjabi poet" but he "left the path of sharia" and "no true Muslim can take pride in him."
d. Discussion on communal struggle, class struggle without the use of mela Chiragan example,
Urdu vs Punjabi etc will earn partial points. These partial points too will be given my analyzing
if your writing reflects in-depth knowledge of the paper. Surface points will not help you score
for two reasons: First, the real answer to the question involves only details from points b and
c. We are only accepting other answers to help you get some marks instead of getting a zero.
Second, since we are accepting answers that are not the real answer to the question, your
answer should reflect you in-depth engagement with the content of the paper to get these
partial marks.
Q2- Some of the following points should be discussed and parallels should be drawn with the tactics of
contemporary parties.

a. Its influence stemmed from its ability to provide the patronage which retained the loyalty of the
landlords and pirs who led the leading political factions and controlled the biraderi and Sufi
networks through which votes were traditionally gathered
b. League increasingly concentrated its efforts on the winning of elite support rather than on the
establishment of local branches. The landlords who had joined the League by 1946 included
amongst their number members from such families as the Hayats, the Noons and the Daultanas
from which the Unionist Party had traditionally drawn its leadership. They wielded immense
social and economic power in their home districts and amongst their biraderi throughout the
province. As such their loss constituted a crippling blow for the Unionist Party from which it was
never able fully to recover. It had also to face the setback of having lost the support of many of
the province's leading pirs and sajjada nashins.
c. Pirs played an important part in the League's success because of their immense spiritual and
temporal sway over their numerous followers in the village
d. A conflict of loyalties between the Unionist Party and the League. Propaganda which depicted
Unionist supporters as traitors to Islam
e. A growing number of leading Muslims came to believe that in the light of the radically trans-
formed political situation by I946, the Unionist Party's non-communal approach to politics had
outlived its raison. The growing communalism of Hindu and Sikh district officials strengthened
this belief. As did the League's own threats against its opponents and the agitations it aroused in
some of the villages of Unionist supporters.
f. the strength of biraderi loyalty in the Punjab also contributed to the rapid growth of the
League's support
g. Unionist Government was forced to requisition grain from the villages there, although it wished
to retain its popularity in the area to counter- balance its loss of influence throughout much of
the West Punjab. Unfortunately for its electoral prospects, grain requisitioning aroused
considerable opposition
h. The Muslim League exploited wartime economic discontent. It frequently organized protest
meetings about alleged communal favoritism in rationing. Six resolutions complaining about
cloth distribution in Lahore were, for example, passed after a series of such meetings in its
leading mosques in May 1945. Even more important was its policy of seeking political support in
the villages by helping the peasants to overcome their economic problem
i. During the winter of 1943, League propagandists took medical supplies, which had become in-
increasingly expensive and difficult to obtain during the war, with them to the villages. They also
distributed cloth there and endeavored to obtain increased ration allowances for the village
 j. The Unionist Party had endeavored to maintain the traditional loyalty of the recruiting areas by
a series of measures designed to aid the servicemen's dependants whilst they were abroad. Free
medical aid was given to the families and dependants of soldiers on active duty, free schooling
for their children up to the fifth class, and remissions of land revenue
k. Mosques, because of their importance as centre of Muslim life, were similarly used to spread
League propaganda
l. During the peak of student activity, the I945 Christmas vacation, there were 1550 members of
the Punjab Muslim Students' Federation and 250 Aligarh students working on the League's
behalf
m. The Muslim League endeavored to repeat the Unionist formula for victory in 1946, when it
created a committee of men of religious influence known as the Mash eikh Committee to
marshal Sufi support behind it
n. Urs ceremonies provided an important platform for the League in its spread into the countryside
from I944 onwards. During the elections pirs were active as League propagandists and
candidates. Shrines were frequently used for League meetings. Fatwas were issued from many
of them in its sup
o. Discussion around the Canal Colonies
p. Anything else included in the article will also ma marked and given score.

Q3. To secure full marks all three things have to be touched upon and discussed

1. The original slogan was given by Asghar Sodai as a response to the Congress Leaders’
questioning the term ‘Pakistan’ and its meaning. Students must be able to give this background
2. Students must talk about Jalib’s poem (which may refer to class struggles, common man’s plight,
liberal interpretations of life, liberty and property and the addition of certain provinces in one
stanza). Students own interpretation of the poem will also score them marks.
3. Students must talk about Chaudhry Rehmat Ali’s book on the same lines.