MDCAT Pehchan Batch

⁂Variation and Genetics⁂

Instructor Name: Marium Imtiaz

 NUMBER OF STUDENTS

A+
7

A
90
B

55
C

30
GRADE
RESULT COHORTS

1
E

1
F

5
Locus stands for:
a) Position of gene on homologous chromosomes
b) Regions of chromosomes
c) Position of an allele within a DNA molecule- not the
entire DNA molecule

d) Close regions of same chromosomes-

Topic Variation and Genetics

Inaccuracy 4%
Difficulty Level Easy
Topic for Revision Alleles and Gene Pool
The region of the chromosome or, more
specifically, a length of the DNA molecule, which
has a particular function is called _______.
a) Locus- specific position or location of a gene or allele on a
chromosome

b) Kinetochore- a structure associated with chromosomes

during cell division, specifically during mitosis and meiosis

c) Gene
d) Allele- a variant form of a gene e.g. for eye color may have
different alleles for blue, brown, or green eyes.
Topic Variation and Genetics
Inaccuracy 20%
Difficulty Level Easy
Topic for Revision Alleles and Gene Pool
The cells in our body are all genetically identical apart
from the:
a) Somatic cells- any cells in the body other than reproductive cells.
b) Reproductive cells
c) Muscle fibers
d) White blood cells

Topic Variation and Genetics

Inaccuracy 30%
Difficulty Level Medium
Topic for Revision Introduction
A complete turn of the double helix of DNA comprises of:
a) 3.4 nm
b) 3.4 Angstrom
c) 34 µm
d) 34 nm

Topic Variation and Genetics

Inaccuracy 25%
Difficulty Level Medium
Topic for Revision Introduction
Mendel proposed that each contrasting form of a
trait, e.g. roundness and wrinkle seed was
determined by particular hereditary factors which
he called as
a) Traits
b) Animus
c) Elementen
d) Genes

Topic Variation and Genetics

Inaccuracy 20%
Difficulty Level Hard
Topic for Revision Laws of Inheritance
The haploid chromosome number in pea is:
a) 8
b) 7
c) 10
d) 14

Topic Variation and Genetics

Inaccuracy 25%
Difficulty Level Easy
Topic for Revision Laws of Inheritance
Pure breeding lines of pea were taken regarding
seed shape – Round and Wrinkled and were
crossed with no intermediate between parents. All
off springs were found to be round. These results
show:
a) Co-dominance- Blood Type
b) Dominant – recessive relationship of alleles
c) Incomplete dominance- Snapdragon Flower Color
d) Over dominance relationship- Sickle Cell Anemia
Resistance

Topic Variation and Genetics

Inaccuracy 10%
Difficulty Level Medium
Topic for Revision Laws of Inheritance
A heterozygous individual for a trait is crossed with a
homozygous recessive individual. What is the
purpose of this cross?
a) Determine the genotype of the heterozygous
individual
b) Produce offspring with a different phenotype
c) Confirm the dominance of the homozygous
recessive individual
d) Demonstrate codominance
Topic Variation and Genetics
Inaccuracy 20%
Difficulty Level Medium
Topic for Revision Test Cross
Mendelian law of independent assortment applies to
a) Diploid organisms
b) Haploid organisms
c) Universal
d) Both A and B

Topic Variation and Genetics

Inaccuracy 10%
Difficulty Level Hard
Topic for Revision Laws of Inheritance
In which situation, genes are not assorted
independently during Meiosis in a chromosome?
a) When genes are not linked and their loci are far
apart
b) When some genes have mutation on the
chromosome
c) When there are too many genes on a
chromosome
d) When genes are linked and their loci are close to
each other- (Drosophila melanogaster); red eyes: normal wings;
white eyes, vestigial wings
Normal individuals have melanin pigment in their
skin, hair and eyes. Albinos totally lack pigment
in their bodies. Albinism is a recessive trait in
humans. Two normal parents have an albino
child. What is the probability that their next child
will be an albino?
a) 50%
b) 75%
c) 70%
d) 25%
Topic Variation and Genetics
Inaccuracy 25%
Difficulty Level Medium
Topic for Revision Probability
LET’S DO IT TOGETHER….
Identify the mode of inheritance of an unknown trait in
the above pedigree
a) Autosomal recessive
b) Autosomal dominant
c) X-linked recessive
d) Y linked inheritance
e) X-linked dominant
In a population with multiple alleles for a gene, how
many alleles does an individual carry for that specific
gene?
a) One
b) Two- one inherited from each parent.
c) Three
d) Four

Topic Variation and Genetics

Inaccuracy 20%
Difficulty Level Hard
Topic for Revision Multiple Alleles
_______ alleles both have an effect on the
phenotype of a heterozygous organism:
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Co-dominant- Snapdragon Flower Color
d) Multiple

Topic Variation and Genetics

Inaccuracy 20%
Difficulty Level Easy
Topic for Revision Co-dominance
Blood group AB is an example of ________.
a) Complete dominance
b) Incomplete dominance
c) Recessive alleles
d) Co-dominance

Topic Variation and Genetics

Inaccuracy 5%
Difficulty Level Easy
Topic for Revision ABO Blood Group
System
ABO blood group system is encoded by a single
polymorphic gene I on chromosome
a) 11
b) 19
c) 9
d) 13

Topic Variation and Genetics

Inaccuracy 25%
Difficulty Level Hard
Topic for Revision ABO Blood Group
System
Which blood type is considered the universal
recipient?
a) A
b) B
c) AB
d) O

Topic Variation and Genetics

Inaccuracy 5%
Difficulty Level Easy
Topic for Revision ABO Blood Group
System
A and B antigens can also be present in saliva and
other body fluids of some persons called secretors.
Secretors have dominant gene “Se” on chromosome
number
a) 11
b) 9
c) 19
d) 13
Topic Variation and Genetics
Inaccuracy 5%
Difficulty Level Hard
Topic for Revision ABO Blood Group
System
The number of linkage groups in an individual
correspond to the number of:
a) Homologous pairs of chromosomes
b) Chromosomes in each cell
c) Genes on chromosome
d) Chromosomes in body

Topic Variation and Genetics

Inaccuracy 15%
Difficulty Level Easy
Topic for Revision Linkage Group
Crossing over takes place during _____ of meiosis.
a) Metaphase 1
b) Prophase 1
c) Telophase 1
d) Anaphase 1

Topic Variation and Genetics

Inaccuracy 20%
Difficulty Level Medium
Topic for Revision Crossing Over
Prophase I:
• Homologous chromosomes pair up in a process called
synapsis.
• Crossing over occurs, leading to the exchange of
genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
• The nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers
begin to form.
Metaphase I:
• Homologous chromosome pairs align at the metaphase
plate (equatorial plane) of the cell.
• Microtubules from the spindle fibers attach to the
centromeres of homologous chromosomes.
Anaphase I:
• Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart and move
to opposite poles of the cell.
• The separation is random, leading to genetic variation
in the resulting gametes.
Telophase I:
• Chromosomes reach the poles and decondense.
• A nuclear envelope may reform around each set of
chromosomes.
• The cell undergoes cytokinesis, resulting in two haploid
daughter cells.
Chance of a cross over between two loci is directly
proportional to their
a) Distance
b) Thickness
c) Length
d) Width

Topic Variation and Genetics

Inaccuracy 5%
Difficulty Level Easy
Topic for Revision Crossing Over