GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING RATNAGIRI

(An institute of Government of Maharashtra)

( Established in 2021)
(Affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Dist. Raigad)

INTERNSHIP REPORT

A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of

the award of degreeOf

BACHELOR

OF

TECHNOLOGY

IN

CIVIL & INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL & INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, RATNAGIRI

2023– 2024
 An Internship Report

Submitted By

Chinmay shashikant chavan

Faeeza Imamuddin Sayyad

Laxmikant shahdev Dolas

Under the Guidance of

Dr. Ganesh Patil

DEPARTMENT OF

CIVIL & INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING RATNAGIRI
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2023-24

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that satisfactorily carried out the second year internship
entitled “Industrial Training.” This work is being submitted for the award of
degree of Bachelor of Technology in Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. It is
submitted in the partial fulfillment of the prescribed syllabus of Dr.
Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Dist. Raigad for
the academic year 2023– 2024.

Sr. no. Students name. PRN No.

1 Chinmay shashikant chavan 2230421918005
2 Faeeza Imamuddin Sayyad 2230421918001
3 Laxmikant shahadev Dolas 2230421918007

Dr. Ganesh Patil

Head of Dept.,
Civil & Infra. Engg.

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 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the work presented in this internship report, in the
subject Industrial Project (Civil), BTCIP410 /BTCVP410 under the faculty of
Civil & Infrastructure Engineering is the original contribution carried out by
us under the guidance of Dr. Ganesh Patil , Civil & Infrastructure
Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Ratnagiri. This work has
not been submitted to any other University or Institution for the award of any
degree or diploma, or certificate course.

Place:

Date:

Name of Students Signatures

Chinmay shashikant chavan

Faeeza Imamuddin Sayyad

Laxmikant shahdev Dolas

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Ganesh Patil and Prof.
Vaibhav Patil for their invaluable guidance and support throughout my
internship. Dr. Ganesh Patil's expertise and mentorship were instrumental in
shaping my understanding of Civil Engineering. His insightful feedback and
encouragement significantly contributed to the success of this internship. I am
also grateful to Prof. Vaibhav Patil for his unwavering support and
constructive feedback. His dedication to fostering a conducive learning
environment made a significant impact on my professional growth during this
internship. I extend my heartfelt thanks to both Dr. Ganesh Patil and Prof.
Vaibhav Patil for providing me with the opportunity to work under their
guidance. Their commitment to excellence and passion for knowledge have
been a constant source of inspiration.

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 INDEX

Sr. no Title of Contents Pg. no

1. Introduction 6
2. Safety Induction 7
3. Steps Done in Building Constructions 13
4. Materials Used for Construction 17
5. Equipment Used 19
6. Tests of Concrete 22
7. Other Images of Construction Site 27
8. Drawings 31
9. Conclusion 33

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 1. INTRODUCTION

The basic needs of human existence are food, clothing & shelter. From time
immemorial man has been making efforts in improving their standard of
living. The point of his efforts has been to provide an economic and efficient
shelter. The possession of shelter besides being basic, used, gives a feeling of
security, responsibility and shows the social status of man. Every human being
has an inherent liking for a peaceful environment needed for his pleasant
living, this object is achieved by having a place of living situated at a safe and
convenient location, such a place for a comfortable and pleasant living
requires consideration and kept in view.
● A Peaceful environment.
● Safety from all-natural source & climate conditions
● General facilities for the community of his residential area.

The engineer has to keep in mind the municipal conditions, building bye-laws,
environment, financial capacity, water supply, sewage arrangement, provision
of future, aeration, ventilation etc., in suggesting. The internship not only
provided a practical platform to apply theoretical knowledge but also exposed
me to the collaborative and interdisciplinary nature of construction projects.
Working alongside seasoned professionals, I gained insights into the project
lifecycle, from conceptualization and design to execution and completion.
This report aims to delineate the tasks undertaken, skills honed, and lessons
learned during the internship, emphasizing the real-world applications of
academic concepts in the realm of building construction. It is my hope that
this document serves as a testament to the valuable experiences gained,
contributing to both personal and professional growth within the dynamic and
ever-evolving field of construction.

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 2. SAFETY INDUCTION

Safety is a very important part of any work. An induction video was shown
which highlighted the need and importance of safety at construction sites.
Most accidents can be prevented by taking simple measures or adopting proper
working procedures. It is very important to discuss issues on safety and health
that should be paid attention to on construction sites for easy reference by the
workers. If we work carefully and take appropriate safety measures, there will
definitely be fewer work injury cases, and our sites will become a safe and
secure place to work in. It is important to educate everyone in the site
regarding safety for following purposes.
● Workers safety
● Construction progress
● Standard procedure
● Legal cases
● Working efficiency
Two standard guidelines are followed for health & environment safety
➤ ISO 14001-2004
➤ OHSAS 18001-2007
Precautions at site for safety: -
✓ Wear protective equipment.
✓ Do not drink or take drugs while working.
✓ Pay attention to personal hygiene.
✓ Do not play in the workplace
✓ Report to your supervisor immediately if you notice any unsafe condition.

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2.1 Equipment used for safety at construction site

8


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2.2 TYPES OF SAFETY HELMETS

i. WHITE: - for Engineers, Managers

ii. BLUE: - for Electricians, Carpenters and Technical operators

iii. RED: - for Fire Fighters

iv. GREEN: - for Safety Officers


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V. GRAY: - for Site Visitors
Vi. PURPLE: - for Supervisors

vii. YELLOW: - for Labourers and Earth Moving Operators

viii. BROWN: - for Welders and Workers with High Heat Application

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2.3 POSSIBLE TYPES OF ACCIDENTS AND ILL HEALTH

● Construction Site Fall

● Crane Accidents
● Scaffolding Accidents
● Trench Collapses
● Electrical Accidents
● Fires and Explosions
● Welding Accidents
● Structure Failure
● Cutting Accidents
● Building Collapse
● Supervisor Negligence
● Gas Explosions During Welding
● Exploding Compressor
● Run-Over by Operating Equipment
● Unsafe/ Dangerous Equipment Accidents

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 3. STEPS DONE IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS

3.1 SURVEYING AND LAYOUT

A survey is the first step done in any construction site to get the required level
of surface. It is also used in level transferrin during the construction of the
retaining wall. Generally, a site survey is carried out by following two
instruments.

1. Total Station: - A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used in
modern surveying and building construction. The total station is an electronic
theodolite (transit) integrated with an electronic distance meter (EDM) to read
slope distances from the instrument to a particular point. By this instrument,
we can measure Angle, Distance, Coordinate and Data Processing.
Advantages: -The following are some of the major advantages of using total
station over the conventional surveying instruments
i. Fieldwork is carried out very fast.
ii. Accuracy of measurement is high.
iii. Manual errors involved in reading and recording are eliminated.
iv. Calculation of coordinates is very fast and accurate. Even corrections for
temperature and pressure are automatically made. Computers can be
employed for map making and plotting contour and cross-sections. Contour
intervals and scales can be changed in no time.
2. Auto level: - It is a leveling instrument which was on site checking the
elevations of various points. The Auto level is a modified form of dumpy
level. We used the auto level to transfer the level of the ground to the retaining
wall and set the thickness of the slab inwhich first of all marking was made to
fix the level of elevations then casting of the slab was performed. Transferring
of the surface level to retaining wall
i. Set the auto level at the building floor level.
ii. Level the instrument.
iii. Take the staff reading at the point also on the floor level surface.
iv. Locate the staff on the formwork of retaining wall and adjust the staff in
such a way so that reading of staff is the same as staff reading.

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3.2 EXCAVATION

Excavation work on the site was being done by the JCB Machines and
excavated soil was transferred using dumpers.
Following measures should be prevented while excavation work.
i. There should be proper timbering while excavation for the basement area.
ii. Dewatering should be done before construction work.
iii. During rainy season excavation work should be avoided.

3.3 LAYING OF PCC

Plain Cement Concrete of M15 grade (thickness of 100mm) are mandatorily

placed on a ground/soil strata, to give a firm, clean base for placing
reinforcement cage, as we start building the foundation of an RCC structure.
It also helps in the following ways:
1. Required cover to bottom reinforcement is ensured, as cover blocks rest on
a firm PCC.
2. The effective depth of RCC members is achieved as the formworks can be
easily, uniformly and sturdily fixed, resulting in better dimension accuracy of
foundation RCC members.
3. Reinforcement steel placed on a PCC, are never in touch with ground soil,
which may be chemically active may lead steel corrosion in immediate future
(when in contact with ground soil)
4. Ease placement of steel cage and increase productivity.
5. Concrete doesn't bond with ground soil (clay), PCC acts a barrier to soil and
bonds well to overlaid structural grade concrete.

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3.4 CONCRETING

After shuttering and scaffolding concreting should be done.

During concreting following equipment's are used: -
i.Concrete mixer.
ii. Mounted concrete pump.
iii.Concrete vibrators (e.g. Needle vibrator, plate/ surface vibrator etc.).
During concreting, work following instructions should be followed: -
i. There should be proper compaction of poured concrete.
ii. There should be spacers to provide cover to reinforcement.
iii.There should be proper curing of concrete construction.

MIX DESIGN

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16
 4. MATERIALS USED FOR CONSTRUCTION

4.1 CEMENT

4.2 AGGREGATE

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4.3 REINFORCEMENT

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 5. EQUIPMENT USED

5.1 CONCRETE REVERSIBLE MIXER

5.2 BAR CUTTING MACHINE

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5.3 BAR BENDING MACHINE

5.4 PORTABLE CONCRETE MIXER

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5.5 POCLAIN

5.6 JCB

5.7 TAPE

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 6. TESTS OF CONCRETE

Sieve analysis of fine aggregate (I.s.2386-1)

Aim- to determine the properties of fine aggregate for size and distribution by
calculating fineness modulus and deciding grading zone

Apparatus - drying oven, IS sieves 10 mm, 4.75 mm 2.36 mm 1.18 mm 600

micron, 300 micron, 150 mm weight scale to the accuracy of one gram, brush
,metal trays etc.

Procedure -
1- sample of sieves shall be collected as given earlier .

2- shall be cleaned and arranged in sequence in descending order. An shall at

the lowermost end and lead on top.

3 -around 1 kg of sample and drying in the oven at a temperature of 100 to

110 degree Celsius.

4- write sample shall be then weighed and Sieved successively on sieves

starting with 10 mm and then through 150 micron.

5-Each sieve shall be taken at least for two minutes on a clean tray until no
more trace passes .

6-Motion shall be varied back and forth , circular clockwise and antique lock
voice and with frequent jarring.

7- material shall not be forced into the maze. Lumps in funds shall be broken
against the wall of sieves

8- sieves shall be brushed from underneath the mesh and passed on to the
next.

9- On completion of sieving, material retained on each sieve is to be weighed

separately.
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Sieve analysis of coarse aggregate

Aim- To determine the properties of coarse aggregate for size and grading
distribution.

Apparatus- drying oven IS sieves 40 mm, 20 mm, 16 mm, 12.5 mm ,10 mm

,pan-for analysis of 20 mm metal ,IS 20 mm, 16 mm , 12.5 mm , 10 mm , 4
.75 mm , 2.36 mm pan- for analysis of 10 mm metal ,weigh scale to
accuracy of 1gm. Brush, metal trays etc.

Procedure -
1. Collect a representative sample of the coarse aggregate.
Clean the sample from any dust or foreign materials.

2. Take 5kg of the coarse aggregate test sample and dry in it an oven at
temperature of 100 to 110 degree Celsius

3. Derived samples shall be then weighted and Sieved successively on seives

starting with 40 mm and then true 4.75 mm.

4. Each sieve shall be second at least for 2 minutes on a clean tray until no
more trace passes.

5. Motion shall be varied like back and forth ,circular clockwise and
anticlockwise and with frequent jarring .

6- the real shall not be forced through the mesh. But the coarser than 20 mm
particles, placing in permitted.

7- sieves shall be brushed from underneath the mesh and passed on to the
next.

8- On completion of sieving ,material retained on each is to be weighed

separately.

9- check for permissible limits for passing.

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Slump Taste for fresh concrete(IS 1199)

Aim- To check workability of freshly mixed concrete by standard slump

cone method. This method is suitable for maths size of aggregate up to 38 mm
only.

Apparatus -slump cone with base plate and cone having bottom diameter
20cm top diameter, 10 cm and height 30 cm . Smooth tamping rod 16 mm
diameter and 600 mm long with one rounded edge, scoop, trowel , measuring
scale .

Procedure - 1. a sample is collected as per the sampling procedure given

earlier.

2. Internal surface of the cone shall be cleaned and fried from extra moisture
and any layer of set cement slurry.

3. Conical mold shall be fixed tight on the base with screw arrangement
ensuring that no cement Larry will leak from the joint .

4. assembly shall be placed on a smooth and truly horizontal surface rigidly.

5. mold shall be failed up in 4 layer.h shall be tampered with tamping rod for
25 times evenly .Tamping shall penetrate in a layer below .

6. The cone shall be Loosened at the base and shall be lifted carefully
vertically without disturbing concrete mass and the subsidence shall be
measured immediately .

7. Above operations shall be carried out at a place free from vibrations and
shock.

8. The whole exercise is to be done within 2 minutes from sampling.

9. In any test in which a specimen collapses or shares the taste will be

repeated in mm . If in repeated taste the slump is shared it is to be recorded.

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Procedure of cube casting

1. The mold properly and apply oil

2. Take random samples in the container while concreting. mix the concrete
properly.
each specimen should be taken for different location after 24 hours remove the
specimen from the mold Tor dot dot precautions to be taken while De molding
of the specimen age should not be broken with nail paint or marker with date
location and grade of concrete submerge the cubes in clean and freshwater
curing tank until the time of testing enter the details of cube in cube register

3. Pour concrete in the mold, concrete to be poured in three layers .Each layer
to be compacted by 35 numbers of strokes with the tamping rod of 16 mm
diameter and 60cm long. Bullet pointed at the lower end .

4. Finish properly the top surface by trowel after compacting the last layer.

5.Each specimen should be taken to a different location.

6. After 24 hours remove the specimen from the mold.

7. Precautions to be taken while demoulding of the specimens, edges should

not be broken.

8. Code the cube with nail/paint or marker, with Date, location & grade of
Concrete. Submerge the cubes in a clean & fresh water curing tank, until the
time of testing.

9. Enter the details of cubes in the Cube register.

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Procedure of cube testing

Aim- To determine the compressive strength of concrete .

1. Check the coding of concrete cubes and details in the register before testing
the cubes.

2. Remove the cubes from water after specified curing time and wipe out
excess water from all the surface.

3. Take the dimensions of the cube to the nearest 2 mm weight of the cube and
note in the cube register.

4. Clean the bearing surface of the testing machine properly

5. Place the cube in the testing machine in such a manner that the Load shall
be applied to the opposite sides of the cube.

6. Align the cube centrally on the base plate of the machine .

7. Apply the load gradually without shock and continuously till the cube fails

8. Record the maximum applied load and Note any unusual features in the
type of failure.

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7. OTHER IMAGES OF CONSTRUCTION SITE

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29
30
8. DRAWINGS

31
32
 9. CONCLUSION

As the final bricks are laid and the echoes of construction machinery fade, this
internship has drawn to a close, leaving behind a tapestry of experiences,
challenges, and newfound knowledge. The construction of Suyog Nirman has
not only been a testament to the practical application of architectural and
engineering principles but has also served as a profound learning curve,
shaping my understanding of the intricate processes involved in bringing
structures to life. Throughout the internship with Sovani , I have been
immersed in a dynamic environment where precision, collaboration, and
adaptability are the keystones of success. The hands-on experiences, from
blueprint interpretation to on-site coordination, have provided invaluable
insights into the intricacies of building construction. Working alongside
seasoned professionals, I've witnessed the seamless integration of theoretical
knowledge with real-world challenges, reinforcing the importance of a holistic
approach to construction management. The challenges faced during the
internship, whether navigating unforeseen site issues or coordinating with
diverse teams, have been instrumental in cultivating resilience and
problem-solving skills. These experiences have not only bolstered my
technical competencies but have also instilled a deep appreciation for the
collaborative efforts required to turn architectural visions into tangible
structures. In conclusion, this internship has been a transformative chapter,
bridging the gap between academic learning and professional practice. I
extend my gratitude to the entire team at Sovani for their guidance,
mentorship, and the opportunity to contribute to the realization of Suyog
Nirman.

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