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There are several economic strategies that can be implemented to alleviate traffic congestion. Here are some of
them:

1. Infrastructure Improvement: This involves building more roads, highways, bridges, etc. However, this
approach often leads to temporary relief as more vehicles tend to be added to the road over time.

2. Public Transport Solution: This includes putting more public buses on the road or building a metro rail
transit system. This strategy aims to encourage people to use public transportation instead of private
vehicles.

3. Demand Management Strategy: This strategy involves shifting the mode of transport. For example,
encouraging people to shift from private vehicles like cars and two-wheelers to public buses. A study in an
Indian city showed that the percentage reduction of congestion cost due to road widening was 55.55%, two-
wheeler shifts to bus was 94.99% and car to bus was 94.92%. The benefit-cost ratio for road widening was
1.1, shift of car to bus was 2.5 and mode shift of two-wheeler to bus was 2.9.

4. Pricing Strategies: This includes measures like congestion pricing, where drivers are charged for entering
congested areas during peak hours. This can help manage demand and reduce congestion.

5. Promoting Alternative Forms of Transportation: This includes promoting cycling, walking, or

carpooling. Improving parking options can also help reduce congestion.

Remember, the effectiveness of these strategies can vary depending on the specific conditions and needs of the
city or country. It’s important to have a comprehensive approach that combines multiple strategies for the best
results.