LIGHTING SYSTEM and

COMPONENTS
PRESENTATION OUTLINE

• Types of Electric Light Sources

• Lamp Ballasts

• Luminaires
LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY
Incandescent Bulb
Fluorescent Lamp

Compact Fluorescent Lamps

High Intensity Discharge

Mercury Vapor

High Pressure Sodium Metal Halide

Low Pressure Sodium Light Emitting Diode

INCANDESCENT LAMPS

Oldest and least energy-efficient electric

lighting technology
Lamp life quite short (less than 1k hours)
Relatively poor efficacy typically < 15
lumen per watt
Color temperatures between 2400 K and
2900 K
No control gear required to ignite the
lamp
Widely used in domestic applications
FLUORESCENT LAMPS

Higher efficacy (lumens per

watt), and longer life than
incandescent lamps
The most common light
source for residential and
commercial applications
COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS

Efficiency Higher than IL

Purchase Cost – Moderate
Longer Operating hours
Operating Cost is Low
Varying Colors
(warm white and daylight)
HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE (HID) Lamps

Generate more light and heat,

while requiring less electricity.
Relatively long life and high
lumen output per watt.
Typical applications:
interior areas where lights are
left on for long periods or
exterior applications such as
landscaping, parking, and
security lighting.
MERCURY VAPOR LAMPS

Produces light when current

passes through a mercury
vapor in the lamp
Lowest efficacy of the HID
family
Rapid lumen depreciation
Low Color Rendering Index
(CRI)
METAL HALIDE
Similar to mercury vapor
but contains other metal
additives to produce
better color
good color rendition
high lumen output
well suited for sports
arenas and stadiums
large auditoriums and
convention halls
HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM
Produces light when
current passes through a
sodium vapor
Golden white light with
“fair” color rendition not
as good as metal halide
Used in industrial,
commercial and
institutional applications
Slightly more efficient
than metal halide
LOW PRESSURE SODIUM

Similar to high pressure

sodium but different metal
additives
Most efficient HID lamp type
Worst color rendition of the
HID lamps…blue and reds
appear as grey and yellow/
brown
Primarily for outdoor security
and street lighting
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

Releases photons when an

electron in the “n” regions
combines with the holes in
“p” region
The light is dispersed though
the epoxy lens
Light is uni-directional
High average life
Low power consumption
Lamp Efficacies
LAMP LUMENS LUMENS/WATT

100-W incandescent 1750 18

100-W tungsten halogen 1880 19
13-W compact fluorescent 900 69
32-W fluorescent 2950 92
175-W metal halide 14000 80
150-W high pressure sodium 16000 107
Source: IESNA Lighting Education: Fundamental Level
 Comparison
EFFICACY Average Color
Light Source Lumens Per Watt Lamp Life Rendering
(LPW) ( Hours ) Index
(CRI)
Standard Incandescent 5 to 20 750 to 2,000 100
Tungsten / Halogen 15 to 25 2,000 to 4,000 100
Compact Fluorescent 20 to 55 6,000 to 10,000 80
Mercury Vapor 25 to 50 Up to 24,000 15 - 30
Tubular Fluorescent 60 to 100 15,000 to 24,000 50 - 90

Metal Halide 45 to 100 10,000 to 25,000+ 60 - 90

High Pressure Sodium 45 to 110 Up to 24,000 9 - 70

http://www.think-energy.net/lighting.htm
 Comparison
Efficacy Lifetime Color Temperature
Technology CRI
(lumen/W) (hrs) (K)
Compact
80-90 60-70 6,000-10,000 2700-6500
Fluorescent
Incandescent 100 12-18 750-1,500 2400-2900

Linear Fluorescent 70 - 90 80-100+ 20,000 2700-6500

Halogen 100 16-29 2,000-4,000 2850-3200

Up to
White LED 65-90 20-50 2700-6500
100,000

http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/promotions/change_light/downloads/Fact%20Sheet_Lighting%
20Technologies.pdf
SIZES OF LINEAR/TUBULAR
FLUORESCENT LAMPS

T12, 40W T8, 32W,

36W T5, 14W,
28W
DIMENSIONS OF LINEAR/TUBULAR
FLUORESCENT LAMPS

Industry Standard Dimension

T5 = 5 / 8 = 0.625 = 1.58 cm
T8 = 8 / 8 = 1.0 in = 2.54 cm
T12 = 12 / 8 = 1.50 in = 3.81 cm
DIMENSIONS OF LINEAR/TUBULAR
FLUORESCENT LAMPS
FLUORESCEN
T LAMP LAMP
DIMENSION
COLOR
TEMPERATUR
E

F40WT12 865

FLUORESCEN COLOR
TT LAMP RENDERING
WATTAGE
RATING
FLUORESCENT LAMP BALLAST

Ballasts are used with all electric gas-

discharge lamps to apply high starting voltage
and regulate current through the lamp.
The two general classes of ballasts are
MAGNETIC and ELECTRONIC
FLUORESCENT LAMP BALLAST

TYPES OF LAMP BALLASTS

(Circuit type and Operation)

Pre-heat start operation

Rapid start operation
Instant start operation
OPERATION OF LAMP AND BALLAST COMBINATION

Starter or
switch

36 – 40 watts

Fluorescent lamp

220-230
volts

Ballast 10 – 12 watts

Fluorescent lamp + ballast = 50 52 watts ok

= 40 watts x
LUMINAIRE

A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or

lamps designed to distribute the light, hold the
the lamps, and connect the lamps to mains.
LUMINAIRE

Luminaires (or lighting fixtures) have a mirror-like

surface that focuses light directly and evenly and
increases lumen output.
TYPES OF LUMINAIRES

Recessed Mounted Type

TYPES OF LUMINAIRES

Surfaced Mounted Type

TYPES OF LUMINAIRES

Recessed Type (Flush Mounted)

TYPES OF LUMINAIRES

Surfaced Mounted (Open Type)

TYPES OF LUMINAIRES

Hanging or Suspended Type

TYPES OF LUMINAIRES

Hanging or Suspended Type

LUMINAIRE (Refractors)

Plastic refractors have superior photometric

performance over glass refractors
LUMINAIRE (Refractors)

Glass refractors highest durability and can

withstand high temperature but poorest optical
control
TYPES OF LUMINAIRE
END OF PRESENTATION

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