Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Yiketel Bekalu
Yiketel Bekalu
MEKELLE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT
MEKELLE, ETHIOPIA
January, 2016
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First of all thanks to our almighty God, for his indescribable gift and kindness. I would like to
express our greatest and gratitude to our advisor Mebert Aregawi(MBA) for continuous
Advise and suggestion. Her academic insight and constructive reflection have been very
helpful .I would like to express our great thank to those individual who contribute to the
completion of this study. As last but not least, I would like to thank our friends for this b
supports
LIST OF TABLE
In this research the researcher try to deals with the assessment of organizational structure in the
TWWCE . the objective of the study was also to asses organizational structure and its impact on
performance . the company employee participated in decision making destining and redesigning was
low . Whether its structure effective or not in the organization . there are many problems that face the
organization to success in its performance . among which design problem, of its project shortage of
well educated engineers and project not finished in the schedule time . the target population of the
study was the employees of the TWWCE organization and interview from top management and some
employees in the company . as ample size of 42 of 241 employees was taken. The relevant data was
taken collected through survey questioner by simple random sampling techniques to give equal
chance of to employees.
Major finding revealed that the the problems of employees limited in involvement of decision
making process designing and redesigning of organizational structure which have negative influence
in the performance .
Structural suitability and employees communication in the orginaztonal and also some
recommendation that might achieve effectiveness efficiency are presented
Chapter one
1. INTRODCTION
The enterprise has been established in 1994 E.C in order to full fill the demand of the region in
the construction sectors especially in water and related works its specific object were to provide
adequate water supply irrigation structure road and housing both in terms of quality and
quantity.
It is construct big project through the region and to give supply indirectly for the neighboring
region.
VISSION
A spire to see that the people has a health and free from poverty by 2017 E.C. through
supplying adequate safe and clean water in sustainable and fair distribution
MISSION
Through intensive but sustainable, development and better management water resource
and schemes targeting to meet the demands of clean water for drinking and irrigation
with equity to everyone in the region.
VALUES
Quality is our identity
We will create schemes with least cost and high benefit.
Our schemes testimonies to our competency
We will be stowing a contaminated and sufficient water resource to the new
generation.
1
1.2 Background of the Study
A sustainable organizational structure may assist the project management team to achieve high
performance in the project through gain in efficiency and effectiveness. Specific objectives are set
to be achieved at the end of each project. The objective may vary from one to another (Tukel,
1996.)
Organizational structure defines how activity such as collection, coordination and supervision are
directed toward the achievement of organizational aim (internet).
Organizational structure refers to how job task are formally divided and coordinated. It tells how
specialized and non- specialized task are performed. the frame work of the organization the
structure were in the job of each every person defined described and coordinated to achieved the
organization goal (Robbins ,2000). Organizational is a stable frame work that depicts how the
human and non-human elements in it arranged and grouped. It is based on organizational mission,
goal and objectives. The number, diversify and complexity an organization goal should play an
important role in decision about how it should be structured. Non-human element includes
position, job duties, line of authority, formal pattern of activity and relationship that connect the
various consistent part of the structure such as hierarchal level, division department etc. (gales
2003.)
Tigray water works construction enterprise is one of the leading and responsible for all water
related construction in the region. The water related product is mainly give services for the
community with the future plane of the art construction facility to gather with the technologically
standardized. The fundamental restructure to enterprise management system can be turning point
for the overall success the company. On the other hand the growing demand construction leads
the company develops its efficiency in all aspect. In this regard starting from using the latest
technology machine system to construct will equipped construction many efforts have be done?
Tigray water works construction enterprise provides adequate supply irrigation structure broad
and
Housing both in terms of quality and quantity to local as well as all over the region. In order to
achieve this goal, they incorporate technology to provide solution for their community needs. All
this are must be cosine organizational structure to the enterprise. Hence the researcher will focus
on on the enterprise performance. To conduct this study the researcher will use qualitative,
quantitative descriptive ways of analysis. The main purpose or motive of this study is to conduct
the research, the researcher to develop greater awareness of organizational structure, their impact
organizational effectiveness to offer a possible alternative to Tigray water works construction
enterprise of organizational structure. due to the extent to which the assessment of organizational
structure and factor affecting
1.3 statement of the problem
Every organizational can be seen as an enclosed system is people and process that work together
towards achieving some defined goals [senior and swailes,2010,p.4]. However, there are many
comports that are making an organization. Among this copouts senior and swails 2010, p.5 name
of formal sub system such as management, strategy goal structure, operation and technology and
informal subsystem such as leadership police and culture. Organizational structure refers to the
division of labor as well as the pattern of coordination, communication, and work how and formal
power that directs organizational activates, an organizational structure reflects its culture and
power relationships (Stephenand Marry Ann, 2000).
The coordination that exists between the departments directly affects the performance of the
overall activity. In Ethiopia, due to many reasons such as limited skill or poor knowledge about
organizational structure performance and other reasons less attention is given for many aspects of
organizational structure function in many government as well as private organizations.
The Tigray water works construction enterprise confronts problems regarding effectives which
are attributed to the following factors. The first problem is clarity of overall structure of the
organization, second the organization also have multiply departments that performs similar
activity. Third, the communication problem the top management and employees in the
organizations structure.
So, that the focus of the researcher will be aimed to identify the problem of organizational
structure of Tigray water works construction enterprise concerning organizational structure and
also assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization.
It has serve as bases for other researchers who study on the related topics. The research paper may
contribute to the Tigray water works construction enterprise understanding about organizational
structure and its impacts on performance of the company.
Robbins cited in Mishra (2003:361), stated organizational stricter refers to how job risks are
formally divided grouped and coordinated. It tells how specialized and non-specialized tasks are
performed. The frame work of an organizational is the structure, where are performed. The farm
work of an organizational is the structure, where in the job of each and every person is defined,
described and coordinated to achieve the organizational goals.
The control, command division of work and placement of jobs are considered under the
organizational structure.
Structure defined as the relatively enduing allocation of work role and administrative
mechanisms that creates a patent of interrelated work activities and allows the organization to
conduct, coordinate, and control its activities (J. child, 1972:21-23).
Lawrence and Lorsch (1967) describe structure as “the technique in which the organization is
differentiated and integrated”. Differentiation is related to the scope in executives act, whereas
integration is described in such a way that every member of the organization including
managements will do their best to achieve organizational goals.
Similarly, an organization is a set of elements in interaction, organized level and decision making
units (Martinelli, 2001:68-73).
Organizational structure “is the formal system of task and reporting relationship that controls,
coordinates, and motivates employees so that they corporate to achieve an organizational
goals” (under down, 2012).
Organizational structure directs the competence of work, the enthusiasm of employees and
coordination among the top management and subordinates for flow of plans and goals in the
organization to sketch the future plan (Herath, 2007: 895-901).
The most important components of organizational structure include formalization, centralization
and control. Formalization measures the extent of which an organization users rules and
procedures to proscribe behavior. The nature of formalization is the degree to which the
workers one provided with rule and procedures that deprive versus encourage creative,
autonomous work and learning (Nahm, et al; 2003:281-287).
The organizational structure should be designed to ensure that individuals and departments that
need to coordinate their efforts have lines of communication that built in to the structure.
Companies many use various organizational structure for communication purposes. Large
companies have many levels of management. Therefore, the most effective way to
communicate is from top of the organization down (Wolf, 2002).
Clear lines of authority: - there must to be clear like of authority mining form the top to the
bottom of the organization. Clarity of line is achieved through delegation of steps from the
highest executive it the lowest worker having the least responsibility and on authority.
Adequate delegation of authority: - every person in the organization must get adequate
authority to meet this obligation according to situation. Authority is vested in the top most
executive and is delegated to his subordinates where ever necessary to meet their obligations. If
sufficient authority is not delegated, the top most executive or the personal vesting authority
faces various problems such as bottleneck in decision-making delay in decision implementation,
pressure on higher level, and less motivation to subordinates. This all problems hamper the
growth of the organization.
Unity of direction:-every person in the organization should be directed only by one boss as for
as possible relating to a single major function. This is based on the principle of specialization and
unit of direction. Multiplication of direction may create confusion and may lead to conflict.
Span of control: - refers to the number of subordinates, a manager can directly supervise.
There is a limit on this number but this limit cannot applied universally because several factors
such as nature of superior and that of subordinates, nature of work, type of planning, degree of
decentralization, and communication techniques affects span of control.
Additionally, Amrik and Kumar, (2003:235) authority refers to rights inherent in a managerial
position to give orders and expect the orders to be obeyed. To facilitate coordination,
managerial position is given a place in the chain of command, and each manager is given a
degree of authority in order to meet his /her responsibilities.
The unit of command principle helps preserve the concept of unbroken lines of authority. It
states that person should have one and only one superior to whom he/she is directly
responsible. If the unit of command is broken, a subordinate might have to cope with conflicting
demands or priorities several superiors. Without unit of command conflicting demands and
priorities from multiple bosses can create problems (Robbins p, 2003:237).
2.2.2 Departmentalization
A well structured organizational structure, with its will formed hierarchical levels, creates the
need for a viable departmentalization. It denotes how job activities are clustered together. More
specifically, the entirety of the tasks exists in the organizational structure divided into smaller
numbers, which are placed into respects departments with strong emphasis upon an effective
coordination of activities (Kreiter, 2001).
Once you have divided jobs up through work specialization, you need to need these jobs
together so common tasks can be coordinated. The basses by which jobs are grouped together
are called departmentalization. One of the most popular ways to group activities is by function
performed. A manufacturing manager might organize his or her plant by separating engineering,
accounting, manufacturing personnel, and purchasing specialist in to common departments. Of
course, departmentalization by function can be used in all types of organizations. Only the
functions change to reflect the organization’s objectives activities (Sudan. A and Kumar. N,
2003:134).
Functional departmentalization- groups jobs by functions performed. This approach can be used
in all types of organizations, although the function changes to reflect the organizations purpose
and work.
Product departmentalization- groups jobs by product line. In this approach each measure
product area is placed under the authority of a manager who responsible for everything having
to do with that product line.
Process departmentalization- groups jobs on the bases of product or customer on plow. In this
approach work activities follow a natural processing flow of products or even of customers
finally.
Customer departmentalization- groups jobs on the bases of customers who have common need
or problems that can best be meet by having specialist for each (Robbins p.2003:434).
2.2.3 Formalization
Formalization is the degree to which organizations standardize behavior through rules
procedures, formal training and related mechanisms. In other words formalization represents
the establishment of standardization as a coordinating mechanism (Mcshane. L. 2005:434).
Formalization refers to the degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized and
the extent to which employee behavior is guided by rule and procedures. If a job is highly
formalized, then the person doing that job has little discretion as to what is to be done, when it
is to be done, and how he or she doe
Span of control refers to the number of subordinate, a manager can directly supervise. These are
limit on the number of subordinate but this limits and not is applied universally because of
several factors. Such as natural of superior and that of a subordinate, nature of work, type of
planning, degree of centralization, communication technique are affect the span of control
(Sudan A, and Kumar N, 2003;132).
Span of control is important because, to a large degree, it determine the number of level and
managers an organization has. The wider and larger the span, the more efficient the
organization (Robbins and Timothy, 2009:569).
Specialization is another component of organization structure. Each and every part of the whole
work is done by specialized people. The total work is broken up into small parts and the
responsibility of performance of each part is assigned to experts. This makes people more
specialized and active there may be subdivision of each part to make it more specialized. Each
step is completed by, skilled labor. The specialized of whole activity is possible by breaking the
total work in to separate parts, sub-divisions and steps. Specialization makes highly sophisticated
tasks can utilized through specialization. The skill of the employees increase by repetition.
Complex and sophisticated operations are performed easily by acquiring skills nd specialization.
It is a well- known fact that the level of specialization increase along with the technological
development. Specialization has increase performance and employee’s satisfaction (Mishra, M.n
2003:361).
Most mangers today see neither work specialization as neither obsolete nor an unending source
of increase productivity. Rather, mangers recognize the economies it provides in certain types of
jobs and the problems it creates where it’s carried too far ( Robbins and Timothy, 2009;566).
For demonstrated that work can be performed more efficiently if employees are allowed to
specialize. Today we use the term work specialization or division of labor to describe the degree
to which tasks in the organization are subdivided into separate jobs. The essence work
specialization is this rather than an entire job being done by one individual, it is broken down
into a number of steps, each step being completed by a separate individual. In essence,
individuals specialize in doing part of an activity rather than the entire activity. In most
organization’s some task require highly developed skilled; others can be performed by the
untrained. If all workers engaged in each step of, say, an organization’s manufacturing process,
all would have to have skills necessary to perform both the most demanding and least
demanding jobs. The result would be that, except when performing the most skilled or highly
complex tasks, employees would be working below their skill level. And since skilled workers are
paid more than unskilled workers and their wages tend to reflect their highest level of skill, it
represents an inefficient usage of organizational resources to pay highly skilled workers to do
easily tasks (Amrik and Kumar, 2003:130).
Centralization means that formal decision making authority is held by small group of people,
typically those at the top of the organizational hierarchy. Most organizations being with
centralized structures, because the founder makes most of the decisions and try to direct the
business toward his or her vision. But as organizations grow, they diversify and their
environments become more complex. Senior executives are not able to process all the decision
that significantly influences the business (steven. L. 2005: 433).
Centralization describes the degree to which decision making is concentrated at a single point in
the organization. If top managers make the organizations key decisions with little or no input
from below, then the organization is centralized. In contrast the more that lower level
employees provide input or actual decisions, the more decentralization there is. Keep in mind
that the concept of centralization- decentaeralization is relative, not absolute that is, an
organization is never completely centralized or decentralized. Few organizations could function
effectively if all decisions were made by only a select group of top managers; nor could they
function if all decision were delegated to employees at the lowest levels (Robins, P. 2003:239).
Mechanistic: - extrme related to the component of the organizational structure, example, and
specialization, and departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization and
formalization. A high degree of this component has been include under mechanistic factor
employees perform their jobs as per the routine system, they do not have the highest degree of
mechanistic approach. The communication is hierarchical it mean that the higher authority
instructs the lower authority has no power to question the order and suggests its own measure,
it is a form of bureaucratic structure, it is a highly a dictation structure of organization.
Organic: - under organic extremes the components of an organizational structure are more
loosely used and more freedom is given to the employees who take more interest in their job
performance rather than rule observation. It has a cross hierarchical and cross functional team
work. The components of an organizational structure are at a low level. Example, there is low
specialization, low departmentalization, fewer chain of command, wider span of control,
decentralization and less formalization. Upward, downward and lateral communications are
practiced under the organic structure, the employees are empowered to participate in the
decision making process. It is a highly democratic form of organizational structure.
Corporate strategy
The corporate strategy has an important impact on the structure. The dictatorial strategy of an
organization requires a bureaucratic structure. The mechanistic structure is loosened under the
democratic strategy. A structure is developed to achieve the objectives through the application
of corporate strategy. The structure is determined according to the strategy. The hierarchical
structured depend on the overall strategy at the corporate and departmental levels. Structure
and strategy are closely linked if the is any change in the strategy, the organization structure also
changed. It is therefore, essential to make a structure which can adopt itself according to the
changes in the strategy. The strategy frame works are imitation, innovation and cost
minimization. Imitation does not mean the limitation of other strategies. It refers to following
its own previous strategy. The pervious strategy helps to find out the suitable strategy for
minimization cost and maximization revenues. The scientific researchers are followed and
utilized in the organization. The innovation strategy refers to the changes in the existing strategy
for the better. The technological developments are included in the strategy. Cost minimization
refers to the curtailing of unnecessary expenditure. Innovation strategy deals with low
specialization, low centralizations and standardization. Plainly, it is stated that the innovation
strategy helps to maintain the mechanistic structure, where in control specialization;
formalization and centralizations are at a high level. The imitation strategy has a max of
mechanistic and organic strategy.
Size: - the size of an organization has important bearings on the organizational structure. A
large organization cannot perform effectively with simple or bureaucratic structure. It to adopt
the matrix structure. An organic structure is suitable for a small organization. The mechanistic
approach is more suited for a big organization. Specialization, departmentalization, formalization
and decentralization are required for big organization. A wide span of control and functional
command are also needed for large organization. The imitation strategy, where in the mixes of
organic and mechanistic approaches are adopted, is more suitable for large organizations. The
structure should have more adoptability as the increases. The number of factories and offices
may expand as per the need of person, place and position.
Environment: - the environment is the reactive results of various internal and external factors
influencing the behavior of people in an organization. The behavior of managers, employees,
customers, distributors’ government agencies and outsiders decides the specific form of the
environment. It is not static, but is changing form to rime and place to place according to the
needs of people and organizations the environment influences the behavior of people of an
organization and is also in turn influenced by their behavior. A situation has a great role to play
in shaping the environment. Uncertainty in the environment influences the adoption of a
particular structure. The capacity, complexity and volatility of the environment influence the
organizational structure.
Division of labor: - works divide into different parts and each part is given to a laborer who
interested in the job and has the competence to perform that promotion of the job. Employees
are obligated to perform their functions. The division of labor is done systematically with a set of
authority and responsibility.
Specialization: - The division of labor creates specialization, as performing the same type of
job makes the employees more competent. It is essentially to accomplish the goals of an
organization. Highly specialized functions make employees satisfied as they get the feeling of
being distinct. The responsibility easily carried out as the specialized job is well defined. No other
member infringes up on the rate of the specialized job. Specialization increases the speed of
work and increases the productivity.
Hierarchy: - a bureaucracy based on hierarchy which defines the scope of authority that can
be exercise by super ordinate on the subordinate. The success of an organization depends on
the principle of hierarchy. Max Weber has pointed out the bureaucracy provides the controlling
structure that is essential for any organization. It is a natural order and a human desire to
control others. The authority control is given only to those people who have adequate
restraining power over themselves. People enjoy hierarchy and are motivated to work hard to
go to up in the hierarchical order. Hierarchy of achieving the organizational goals. It has the
capacity of increasing employees, satisfaction and organizational performance.
Abstract rules: - rule and regulation are formulated to manage the bureaucratic organizations.
It is said that rules are gods for the employee working in a bureaucratic system. Going beyond
rules make employees punishable although it increase productivity and the performance. Rules
are permanent whereas, employees may come and go. It provides perpetual succession in the
organization. Rules ensure uniformity and coordination of functions. The difference in task
performance and uncertainties are narrowed down by rules.
N=number of population
E=error
Questionnaires will be the maine data gathering instruments. This method was enable the research
to guide the informants when they get out of the concepts.
Secondary data: - The secondary data collect from the organizations records, reports and other
reference materials.
3.5 Procedure
The current research was select stratified sampling. The researcher was used both questionaries’
and purposely interview technique further more in the researcher was be assess by the time
schedule of the research. To check the reliability, the researcher was cross-check the data by using
various techniques.
4.1 Introduction
This chapter deals with analysis and interpretation on the basis of data gathered through
questionnaire and interview. In order to obtain information for the study a total (forty-seven)
questionnaires were distributed to employees to Tigry water works construction enterprise. The
employees (respondents) randomly selected from each statement of department of employees.
Among these questionnaire, 42 were correctly filled and returned used for analysis and
interpretation of data here. The analysis and justification of the finding from the information
were approached by summarizing the relevant question and respective responses for a topic on
an issue and then further analyzed sequentially.
Tables, percentage and figures were used to present interpreted data using descriptive method.
No Items Number %
1 Sex
Male 20 48%
Female 22 52%
Total 42 100%
2 Age
18-24 8 19%
25-34 29 69%
35-44 4 9.6%
45-54 1 2.4%
55 and above 0 0
Total 42 100%
3 Educational level
Below Grade 10 0 0
BA/BSc 20 47.6%
Total 42 100%
4 Years of experience
Total 42 100%
Agree 26 62%
Disagree 2 4.8%
Neutral 2 4.8%
Total 42 100%
Table 4.1 indicates sex, age, educational level; work experience and individual got relevant
experience with current occupation.
According to the above table in item number 1, out of the total 42 respondents, 20(48%) were
male and the remaining 22(52%) were females. From this one can understand that were females
employees was greater than males employees in the organization.
Regarding the age in item 2 of respondents, 8(19%) was between 18-24 years old. Next 29(69%)
of the respondents were within the range of 25-34 years, from 4(9.6%) were from 35-44 years.
1(2.4%) were from 45-54 years and finally there were no 55 and above of age. This implies that
the respondents were youngster who is productive of the organization.
As can be seen in table 4.1 item number 3, with regard to educational back ground of the
respondents, no respondents were grade 10, 8(19%) had 10 or 12 grade completed, 9(21.4%)
had 10+3 or diploma, the majority is 20(47.6%) had their first degree and finally 5(12%) had
MA/MSc and above. Hence the majority 29(69%) of the respondents were diploma and degree
Table 4.1, item 4, shows years of employee’s experience. Accordingly, 10(23.8%) of respondents
had below 1 year of service, 9(21.4%) had between 1-3 years’ service, 10(23.8%) had an
experience in between 4-6 years, 6(14.3%) had experience in between 7-9 years and 7(16.7%)
had an experience 10 and above years.
Hence, the organization holds employees who had almost all levels of experience in the
organization. Therefore, one can inter that it was possible to get all levels of information for
employees with similar years of experience.
In table 4.2, item 5, indicates individual got relevant experience with current occupation,
11(26%) of the respondents strongly agree, 26(62%) the majority of respondents that agree, on
the other hand, 2(4.8%) are respondents claimed that neutral with in statement. Thus, it is
possible to see that large number 37(88%) of respondents agreed. Only few portion of
employees were disagree with the statement.
N % No % No % No % No % No %
o
As it be clearly observed from item 1 of table 4.2 9(21.4%) of the respondents are strongly
agree, 27(64.2%) the majority of respondent claimed that they agree, on the other hand 5(12%)
of the respondents are disagree with this statement. Thus it is possible to see that only very two
portion of employees are dissatisfied with the organizational structure goes to gather with it’s
the work process.
As it is indicated in the above in item 2, 6(14.2%) of the respondents are claimed that strongly
agree, 26(62%) the majority of respondent claimed that agree with in the statements that
organizational structure is suitable to achieve vision and mission of the company. As it was
shows 9(21.4%) of respondent disagree with in the statements. And finally, 1(2.4%) of the
respondents said that strongly disagree and none of them are neutral. Hence, from the
respondents the researcher can conclude that the majority of employees are satisfied with the
suitability of organizational structures to achieve its objective and goals.
As it can be seen in the above item 3, 2(4.8%) the respondents are strongly agree, 29(60%) the
large number of respondents claimed that they agree with the statement 10(23.8%) of
respondents claimed that they are disagree, 1(2.4%) remained strongly disagree with in the
statements. Hence, from the data it is possible to inter that the organizational structure positive
influences the implication behavior of the organization.
Table 4.2 item 4, as it was show 2(4.8%) of respondents strongly agree, 13(30.9%) the
respondents they are agree, 18(42.8%) the majority claimed that they are disagree with the
organizational structure of TWWCE negatively affects its performance. Hence, from the
respondents the researcher can say the majority of employees its organizational structure was
positively of employees its organizational structure was positively affect, on the performance.
As can be seen in the above item 5, 1(2.4%) of respondents strongly agree, 15(35.6%) the
respondents claimed that agree, 20(47.6%) the majority of the organization allowed the
freedom of work according to their own process alternative. As it was show, 5(16%) of the
respondents are strongly disagree, and finally, 1(2.4%) of respondents was neutral with the
statement.
According to the majority, 25(63.6%) of respondents in the organization not allowed the
freedom to work according to their own process alternative for the employees.
4.3 Integration of organizational structure
Organizational structure is process of combining the work, which individuals or group have to
perform with the facilities necessary for its execution, that duties so performed provide the best
channels for efficient, systematic, positive and coordinate applicable effort. Each individual in
the organization is assigned a role, responsibility and necessary authority. Each person who
assigned to an activity much knows his position, his role and his relationship with others. The
activities of all individual are coordinated and integrated in to common pattern in order to
achieve the organizational objectives organization is needed for the purpose of integration of
driver’s activities in a cohesive manner. Optimum use of human skill and efforts is achieved. A
good organization requires the right person for the right job and this avoids miss application
human resource thus resulting in optimization of employees efforts. This would ensure efficiency
in the functioning of the enterprise Steven. L (2005:428).
The table below indicates how role, authority are assigned and how works are integrated in the
organization.
N % No % No % N % No % No %
o o
1 There is clear line of authority 3 7.1 9 21.4 22 52.4 6 14.3 2 4.8 42 100
2 Do you believe that does the 4 9.5 18 42.9 15 35.6 2 7.1 2 7.1 42 100
organizational structure have
positive impact on
performance?
4 “The activities of all individual 3 7.1 20 47.6 14 33.4 1 9.5 1 2.4 42 100
are concentrated and
integrated in common
patterns”
As it presented in the above table 4.3 of item 1, 3(7.1%) of the respondents were strongly agree,
9(21.4%) of the respondents agree with a segment clear role of authority, 22(52.4%) the
majority of respondents claimed that disagree with the statements, 6(14.3%) of respondents
claimed they are neutral. Hence, from the data it can be seen that the 28(66.7%) of employees
are dissatisfied in clarity of line of authority in the organization.
As it can be seen the above item 2, 4(9.5%) of respondents claimed that they strongly agree,
18(42.9%) of the respondents agree with the statement that organizational structure have
positive impacts on performance of the organization, 15(35.6%) of the respondents they were
disagree with the statement, 2(4.8%) of the respondents claimed that they were strongly
disagree and finally, 3(7.1%) of respondents were neutral. Thus, it is possible to see that the half
and above 20(50%) of the employees are satisfied with the organizational structure have
positive impacts on its performance.
As it can be seen with the item 3, 6(14.3%) of the respondents were claimed that they are agree
with the statements, the majority of respondents, 20(47.6%) were dissatisfied with their role,
3(7.1%) of them were strongly disagree and finally, 2(4.8%) of respondents were neutral with
the statement. It is possible to see that the majority, 23(54.7%) of the employees are dissatisfied
with in the proposition of employees in the organization assigned clear role.
As can see in item 4, 3(7.1%) of respondents were strongly agree, 20(47.6%) of the respondents
claimed that they agree with the statements the activities of all individuals concentrated and
integrated in the common patterns, 14(33.4%) of the respondents were disagree with the
statement and the finally, 1(2.4%) of respondents was neutral. From the respondents the
researcher can say that the majority of employees are assigned based on their activities.
As can be seen in table 4.3 item 5, 4(9.5%) of respondents were very high, 17(40.4%) of the
majority of respondents feel that the activities carried out in the department are valuated to
each other by rating high. But, 14(33.4%) of respondents claimed that they were low with this
statements finally, 7(16.7%) of respondents were said noting (neutral). Hence, this shows that
the respondents are some why comfortable about the relatedness of the activities carried out
there.
The below tables implies the communication between top management and employees in the
organization.
No % No % No % No % No % No %
1 To what extent you get 2 4.8 18 42.9 60 14.3 13 30.9 3 7.1 42 100
the information flow
between you’re in for
mediate supervisor and
subordinate
No % No % No % No % No % No %
No % No % No % N % No % No %
o
4 Top management 4 9.5 11 26.2 14 33.4 9 21. 4 9.5 42 100
communicates all the 4
relevant information
accurately and timely
within the employees
N % No % No % No % No % No %
o
As it can be clearly observed from item 1 of table 4.4, 2(4.8%) of the respondents were very
high, 18(42.9%) of respondents claimed that they are high, 6(14.3%) of them were medium,
13(30.9%) of respondents were rejected this statement and finally, 3(7.1)of respondents said
very low. The researcher conclude that the major 26(61.1%) which are high of respondents, so
the information flow between their intermediate super visor and subordinates are good
relationship.
As item be seen in table 4.4 of item 2, 3(7.1%) of respondents were strongly agree, 21(50%) the
majority of respondents agree with this statements, 12(28.6%) of respondents were disagree,
4(9.5%) of them were strongly disagree and finally, 2(4.8%) of respondents were neutral. Hence,
25(57.1%) the majority of respondents agreed with the statement “objective of the company
clearly communicated to you” were accepted by them. That means the objectives the
organization clearly communicated to employees.
Table 4.4 of item 3, 2(4.8%) of respondents were strongly agree, 22(52.4%) the majority of our
respondents claimed that they are agree with the statement, 13(30.9%) of them disagree,
4(9.5%) of respondents were strongly disagree and at finally, 1(2.4%) of respondents was neutral
with the statement. So, the researcher concluded above half of respondents 52.4% are agree
with that there is enough communication with the organization.
As it represented in the above table 4 of item 4, 4(9.5%) of the respondents claimed that they
very high, 11(26.2%) of the respondents were high, 14(33.4%) of the respondents were medium
with this statement, 9(21.4%) of the respondents claimed that they were low and finally, 4(9.5%)
of the respondents were very low. Hence, it is possible to see that above half 59.6% of
respondents are high and this implies top management communicates all the relevant
information accurately and within he employees in the organization.
1. What do you think about the width of the span of control in your
organization?
The replay from was, the width of spam of control within the organization is not difficult for
manager. In the department different size of employees. The large size of departments are top
employees and above and two supervisors. The researcher concluded that as Steven. L.
(2005:431) stated that today, the best performing manufacturing facilities currently have all
average of 31 employees per supervisor and 6 supervisor per manager.
Therefore, the organizations has wide span that difficult to control employees lees control of
employees tend to reduce its performance.
As the researcher point of view, less flexible because of, when gaps occur in short period before
amendment. This inflexible hinder on its construction performance.
The researcher perceive that organization to be successful the participating must be there, the
participating of employees in designing or redesigning of organizational structure has a positive
influence in the overall organization performance.
The data obtained were presented using percentages and summarized as shown below.
Moreover, based on the summary, conclusions are drawn and recommendations are forwarded.
5.2 Conclusions
This section provides general conclusion about issues raised and discussed in the data analysis
part of the chapter. Taking the data analysis and the findings in to account the following
conclusions could be reached.
According to the data and replies from the interview high light, and as stated in the
literature review, the organization structure goes together with its work process and the
organizational structure is suitable to achieve vision and mission of the organization.
The researcher observes the width span of control within the organization is wide span
that difficult to control of employees, tends to reduce effectiveness on performance.
Based on the majority of employees the researcher point out that participation of
employees in the designing and redesigning of organizational structure was low.
As the majority of the replies agreed and researcher conclude that organizational
structure is positively influence on the implementations.
The result shows that the majority of employees disagree that the organization allowed
the freedom to work according to their own process alternative of employees.
Based on the employee’s despondences and as the researcher points of view there are
disagreed with the clear line of authority, and organization employees are dissatisfied
with the assigned clear role.
The researcher observed that the organizational structure is the matrix from of
departmentalization, because the matrix structure occurs in project based organization.
The majority of replies agreed communication of the employees and managers is
efficient and the level of satisfaction in flow of information between and superior and
subordinates is high.
According the findings the decision making in the organization is decided by top level
managements, employees does not involve in the decision making.
At last, the respondent replies that top management communicates all the relevant
information accurately and timely within the employees.
5.3 Recommendations
The researcher like to recommend the following points which are drawn the study for the
betterment of organizational structure and its impacts on performance of TWWCE
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Dear Respondents
The objective of this questionnaire is the assessment of organizational structure
and its impact on performance in Mekelle University College of business and
economics department of management
DIRECTION
Please give us your experience as honestly and as openly as you can the
information that provided to treated strict confidence
Respondent profile
1. Gender
A. male B. female
2. Age
3. Educational level
6 do you believe TWWCE organizational structure go together with the work process?
7 .the organization structures are suitable to achieve vision and mission of TWWCE?
9.Do you believe t that organizational structure of TWWCE negatively affects its
performance?
12.Do you believe that the organization structure positive impact on performance?
13. Do you believe that employees in the organization are assigned withina clear role?
14 the activities of all individual are concreted and coordination in common pattern?
15. To what extent the activities that are carried out in your department related to each
other?
1 what do you think about the width of the span of control in your origination
4 what basis of department ion that you generally fool wed in your
organizational structure how the tasks are divided; grouped and coordinated