Forensic 2

PERSONAL
IDENTIFICATION
TECHNIQUE
CHAPTER 2
Ridge Characteristics, Type
Lines and Pattern Area
RIDGE CHARACTERISTICS
• RIDGE CHARACTERISTICS
it is also known as minutiae, point of
identity or Galton’s detail
• Ridge Ending
- It is the one end of a
long island.
• Bifurcation
-It is where the ridge
path divides forming a Y
shape with legs having
the same length.
• Dot/Island
- It is a one ridge unit, it
is the shortest of all
island and the building
block of the friction
ridges.
• Lake
- It is a bifurcation which
does not remain open but
which the legs of the
bifurcation after running
alongside for a short
distance come together to
form a single ridge once
more.
• Spur
-It is where the ridge
path divides and one
branch comes to an
end.
• Short Ridge
- It has two or more
ridge units with both
ends easily recognized
as being from the same
island.
• Ridge Bridge
- It is the connecting
ridge between two
ridges.
• Double Bifurcation
- It is a bifurcation
where one of the ridge
path divides.
• Trifurcation/Trifurcate
Ion
-It is when two
bifurcations develop
next to each other on
the same ridge, a
unique formation.
• Opposed bifurcation
- This are bifurcations
found on both ends of a
ridge.
• Ridge Crossing
- It is the point where
two ridges crosses each
other forming an X
formation
• Overlap
- It is where two ridges
ends meet and overlap
on a bias