GEOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY
■ Geography is the science that studies the lands, the feature, the inhabitants and
the phenomena of the Earth.

■ The word geography adopted in the 2nd century BC by the Greek scholar
Eratosthenes.

Branches of Geography
Geography is divided into two main branches i.e. physical geography and human
geography.

Some Contributors to Geography

■ Eratosthenes was the first Person to calculate the circumference of the Earth
and also calculate the tilt of the Earth’s axis.

■ Anaximander created the first map of world

■ Ainville made the first map of india.

■ Ptolemy first presented india on the world map.

■ Anthropogeography was written by Friedrich Ratzel.

Human Geography
Human Geography is a branch of the geography that studies the world, its people,
communities and cultures with an emphasis on relations of land across space and
place.

■ The fields of human geography are as follow;

■ Cultural geography

■ Development geography

■ Economic geography

■ Health geography Historical geography

■ Political geography

■ Population geography

■ Settlement geography

Physical Geography
Physical geography deals with the physical environment and the various process
that bring about changes in the physical environment on the Earth surface.

The fields of physical geography are as follows:

Geomorphology:- It is the scientific study of landforms and processes that shape

them

Hydrology:- It is the study of the movement, distribution and quality of water on

Earth, including the hydrological cycle, water resources and environmental
watershed sustainability.

Climatology:- It is the study of climate, scientifically defined as weather

conditions averaged over a period of time.

Pedology:- It is the study of soils in their natural environment.

Glaclology:- it is the study of glaciers and ice sheets

Biogeography:- It is the study of relationships of organisms with their

environment.

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