1. A nurse is pleading for policy changes to
A nurse is assessing an elderly client’s
improve access to healthcare services for
older adults in the community. Which role
of the gerontological nurse is the nurse
demonstrating in this situation?
A. Advocate
2. While assessing an elderly client, the nurse
observe significant thinning of the skin on
the client’s forearms and hands. Which of
the following physiological changes in
aging is most likely responsible for this
observation?
B. Decreased collagen and elastin
production
3. You are working in a long term care facility
and is implementing strategies to improve
the standards of nutritional care for older
adults. Which fundamental concept guides
your approach to promote nutritional
health in this population?
A. Person-Centered Care
4. You are educating family caregivers about
strategies to prevent caregivers burnout
while caring for their elderly love ones at
home. Which core element of evidence-
base gerontological nursing care you are
addressing?
C. Person-Centered Care.
5. You are working in geriatric care facility
and is developing a care plan for an older
adults with multiple chronic conditions.
How would you understand the
fundamental perspective on aging
influence the care provided?
D. By recognizing aging as a universal
and inevitable process.
6. A nurse in a geriatric care facility is
reviewing demographic data on the aging
population in the community served by the
facility. How does the nurse’s
understanding of demographic trends
influence their approach to providing care
for older adults?
B. By recognizing the diversity and
complexity of the aging population.
7.
respiratory status and observes decreased
lung capacity. Which of the following age-
related changes in the respiratory system
is most likely responsible for this finding?
C. Reduced lung elasticity
8. You are conducting an assessment of an
older adult living in a long-term Care facility
to ensure comprehensive care planning
and delivery. Which core element of
evidence- based gerontological nursing
care you are primarily demonstrating
D. Holistic Assessment.
9. A nurse is coordinating discharge planning
for an older adults moving from a hospital
to a rehabilitation facility. Which core
element of evidence-based gerontological
nursing care is the nurse addressing
A. Continuity of Care and Transitions
10. A nurse notices that an elderly client has
developed multiple hyperpigmented spots
on their face and hands. Which of the
following factors is most likely responsible
for the pigmentation changes?
C. Cumulative sun exposure
11. During a respiratory assessment, a nurse
notes that an elderly client has diminished
respiratory muscle strength. Which of the
following interventions should the nurse
prioritize to address this age-related
change?
A. Encourage deep breathing exercises
12. You are educating older adults about the
importance of regular physical activity for
maintaining mobility and independence.
Which core element of evidence-based
gerontological nursing care are you
emphasizing?
B. Health Promotion and Disease
Prevention
13. You are caring for an older adult with
advance dementia who lacks decision-
making capacity. The family members
disagree on the appropriate course of
treatment. How should you prioritize
ethico-legal considerations in this
situation?
C. By consulting with the healthcare
team and an ethics committee to
determine the best course of action.
14. You are discussing advance directives
with an older adult and their family. How
should you address ethico-legal
considerations in this discussion?
B. By ensuring that the older adult’s
wishes are documented accurately and
legally binding
15. An elderly client presents with thin, fragile
skin and reports frequent itching and
dryness. Which of the following
interventions by the nurse would be most
appropriate to address these skin
changes?
C. Recommend the use of gentle,
moisturizing skin care products
16. Your elderly client expresses interest in
pursuing further education but is unsure
about accessing the educational
assistance provided under RA 9994. How
might you support the client in navigating
the application process and accessing
available scholarships or training
opportunities.
C. Facilitate communication with
relevant government agencies or
educational institutions to inquire about
available opportunities.
17. A nurse observes that an elderly client’s
nails are brittle and have developed ridges.
Which of the following interventions should
the nurse prioritize to address these nail
changes?
C. Advise the client to avoid harsh
chemicals and excessive nail filing
18. A nurse is educating an elderly client about
to fall prevention strategies. Which of the
following interventions is most effective in
addressing the increased risk of falls
associated with age-related changes in the
musculoskeletal system?
B. Recommend the use of assistive
devices such as canes or walkers
19. You are providing care for an elderly client,
you encounter challenges in ensuring the
client receives their entitled 20% discount
on medication due to inconsistent
implementation by pharmacies. How might
you advocate for better adherence to this
provision under RA 9994 to ensure the
client’s needs are met effectively?
B. Educate the pharmacy staff about the
legal obligation to provide discounts to
senior citizens and request their
cooperation.
20. A nurse is assessing an elderly client who
presents with decreased grip strength and
difficulty performing activities of daily living.
Which of the following physiological
changes in aging is most likely contributing
to the client’s symptoms?
C. Decreased muscle elasticity
21. As a nurse , you are educating older adults
about the importance of staying physically
active to delay the onset of age-related
disabilities. Which nursing implication is
supported by the wear and tear theory of
aging?
A. Encouraging regular exercise to
maintain muscle strength and flexibility
22. As a nurse, you are caring for an older
adult who experiences decreased immune
function and increased susceptibility to
infections. Which nursing intervention is
most consistent with the immunologic
theory of aging?
B. Encouraging vaccination to prevent
infectious disease
23. A nurse is educating an elderly client about increased stress and caregiver
the importance of vitamin D for bone burden.”
health. Which of the following statements
29. A nurse collaborates with interdisciplinary
by the client indicates an understanding of
team members to develop policies and
the role of vitamin D in maintaining bone
procedures for the geriatric unit in a
density?
hospital. Which role of the gerontological
B. “Vitamin D promotes calcium nurse is the nurse primarily fulfilling in this
absorption and bone mineralization.” situation?
24. A nurse is caring for an older adult who is B. Manager
experiencing age-related changes in vision
30. A nurse is evaluating an elderly client’s risk
and hearing. Which nursing action is most
of osteoporotic fractures. Which of the
aligned with the biologic theory of aging?
following interventions should the nurse
D. Providing adaptive devices to prioritize to reduce the client’s risk of falls
enhance vision and hearing abilities and fractures?
25. A nurse is caring for an older adult who C. Suggest the client participate in
exhibits signs of cognitive decline. balance and strength training exercises
According to the psychosocial theory of
31. A nurse is evaluating an elderly client’s
aging, which nursing intervention would be
respiratory status and notes increased
most appropriate?
susceptibility to respiratory infections.
A. Encouraging reminiscence therapy Which of the following age-related changes
to promote life review in the respiratory system is most likely
contributing to the client’s vulnerability?
26. You are caring for an older adult from a
culture that traditionally assigns caregiving B. Reduced cough reflex
responsibilities to family members rather
32. A nurse is assessing an elderly client who
than formal healthcare providers. Which
reports experiencing ringing sounds in the
nursing action demonstrates an
ears. Which of the following age-related
understanding of this cultural perspective?
changes in the special senses is most
B. Respecting the family’s role in likely responsible for the client’s
providing care and collaborating with symptoms?
them to support the older adult’s needs.
B. Tinnitus
27. A nurse is providing education to a group
33. A nurse is educating an elderly client about
of caregivers about common myths and
strategies to improve respiratory function.
realities regarding aging and older adults.
Which of the following lifestyle
Which statement reflects a myth about
modifications should the nurse recommend
aging?
based on age-related changes in the
A. “Older adults are incapable of respiratory system?
learning new things.”
A. Encourage smoking cessation
28. A nurse is assessing the impact of
34. A nurse is assessing an elderly client with
caregiving for an aging parent on the adult
suspected age-related peripheral
children in the family. Which statement
neuropathy. Which of the following
reflects a nursing implication regarding the
symptoms is not indicative of peripheral
impact of aging members in the family?
nerve dysfunction?
B. “Adult children who provide care for
D. Tingling and numbness in the
aging parents often experience
extremities
35. A nurse is assessing an elderly client’s
respiratory function and observes reduced
cough reflex and mucociliary clearance.
Which of the following interventions should
the nurse prioritize to address this age-
related change?
A. Administering expectorant
medications as prescribed
36. A nurse is assessing an elderly client’s
cardiovascular status and observes
decreased cardiac output and exercise
intolerance. Which of the following age-
related changes in the cardiovascular
system is most likely contributing to the
client’s symptoms?
C. Decreased arterial stiffness
37. You are caring for an 82-year-old patient
who has recently developed recurrent
infections. During a review of the patient’s
medical history, you note one of the age-
related changes is the shrinking of the
thymus gland. How might the shrinking of
the thymus gland contribute to the patient’s
susceptibility to infections?
B. Due to the deficiencies in T cell
production and maturation,
compromising the immune response
38. While assessing an elderly client’s risk of
urinary incontinence, a nurse considers
various factors related to age related
changes in the urinary system. Which of
the following conditions increases an
elderly person’s risk of incontinence
associated with age-related changes in the
urinary system?
A. Reduced bladder capacity
39. During a cardiovascular assessment, a
nurse noted increased systolic blood
pressure and reduced diastolic blood
pressure in an elderly client. Which of the
following age-related changes in the
cardiovascular system is most likely
responsible for this finding?
C. Impaired baroreceptor sensitivity
40. A nurse is evaluating an elderly client’s risk
of malnutrition. Which of the following
factors should the nurse prioritize in the
assessment based on age-related
changes in the gastrointestinal system?
B. Presence of dental problem
41. A nurse is assessing an elderly client’s risk
of cardiovascular disease. Which of the
following factors should the nurse prioritize
in the assessment based on age-related
changes in the cardiovasular system?
D. Presence of hypertension or diabetes
42. A nurse is assessing an elderly client’s risk
of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of
the following factors should the nurse
prioritize in the assessment based on age-
related changes in the urinary system?
B. Presence of diabetes mellitus
43. A nurse is evaluating an elderly client’s
cardiovascular status and observes
increased heart rate variability. Which of
the following age-related changes in the
cardiovascular system is most likely
responsible for this finding?
C. Impaired autonomic nervous system
function
44. A 76-year-old woman underwent a
postoperative craniotomy for a benign
tumor. She presents with fever and foul-
smelling drainage, and her incision
appears red and hardened. Suspecting
infection, you note that older patients
frequently experience postoperative
infections. Which of the following aging
related changes could this be associated
with?
C. Diminished neutrophil response to
infection
45. A nurse is assessing an elderly client’s risk
of atherosclerosis. Which of the following
factors should the nurse prioritize in the
assessment based on age-related
changes in the cardiovascular system?
C. Presence of hyperlipidemia
46. A nurse is assessing an elderly client’s
hematologic status and observes a
decreased number of circulating
lymphocytes. Which of the following age-
related changes in the lymphatic system is
most likely contributing to the client’s
lymphopenia?
C. Lymph node fibrosis
47. During a hematologic assessment, a nurse
notes an increased prevalence of myeloid-
biased hematopoiesis in an elderly client.
Which of the following age-related changes
in the hematopoietic system is most likely
responsible for this finding?
C. Altered bone marrow
microenvironment
48. A nurse is assessing an elderly client’s risk
of hematologic disorders. Which of the
following factors should the nurse prioritize
in the assessment based on age-related
changes in the hematopoietic system?
D. Presence of anemia or
thrombocytopenia
49. A nurse is assessing an elderly client with
complaints of bloating and abdominal
discomfort after meals. Which of the
following age-related changes in the
gastrointestinal system is most likely
contributing to the client’s symptoms.
C. Delayed gastric emptying
50. During a nutritional assessment, a nurse
observes signs of malabsorption in an
elderly client, including steatorrhea and
weight loss. Which of the following age-
related changes in the gastrointestinal
system is most likely contributing to the
client’s malabsorption syndrome?
A. Reduced pancreatic enzyme
secretion
51. A nurse is educating an elderly client about
strategies to manage constipation. Which
of the following recommendations should
the nurse prioritize based on age-related
changes in the gastrointestinal system.
A. Increased dietary fiber intake
52. A nurse is assessing an elderly client’s risk
of gallstone formation. Which of the
following factors should the nurse prioritize
in the assessment based on age-related
changes in the gastrointestinal system?
C. Presence of obesity
53. During a vision screening, a nurse
observes the presence of cloudy areas in
the lens of an elderly client’s eye. Which of
the following age-related changes in the
special senses is most likely responsible
for the client’s findings?
D. Cataracts
54. An elderly client is prescribed a diuretic
medication to treat hypertension.
Considering age-related changes affecting
the urinary system, which of the following
is most likely to increase the risk of adverse
effects from this medication?
B. Decreased glomerular filtration rate
55. During a bladder assessment, a nurse
observes elevated post-void residual
volume in an elderly client. Which of the
following interventions should the nurse
prioritize based of age-related changes in
the urinary system?
D. Advise pelvic floor exercises
56. A nurse is caring for an elderly client with
urinary urgency and nocturia. Which of the
following interventions should the nurse
prioritize to manage the client’s
symptoms?
A. Limit fluid intake before bedtime
57. A nurse is assessing an elderly client who
presents with progressive memory loss
and difficulty performing daily activities.
Which of the following age-related changes
in the nervous system is most likely
contributing to the client’s symptoms?
C. Neuronal loss and synaptic
dysfunction
58. During a neurological assessment, a nurse
observes decreased deep tendon reflexes
in an elderly client. Which of the following
age-related changes in the nervous system
is most likely responsible for the client’s
findings?
D. Peripheral nerve degeneration
59. A nurse is evaluating an elderly client’s risk
of falls. Which of the following factors
should the nurse prioritize in the
assessment based on age-related
changes in the nervous system?
B. Presence of sensory deficits
60. A nurse is educating an elderly client about
strategies to maintain cognitive health.
Which of the following recommendations
should the nurse prioritize based on age-
related changes in the nervous system?
D. Promote mentally stimulating
activities
61. A nurse is assessing an elderly client’s
sense of taste. Which of the following age-
related changes in the special senses
should the nurse anticipate in the client?
A. Reduced taste perception
62. You are evaluating an elderly client’s risk
of neurodegenerative disease. Which of
the following factors you should prioritize
in the assessment based on age-related
change in the nervous system?
D. Presence of cardiovascular risk
factors.
63. You are assessing an elderly client with
diabetic neuropathy. Which of the following
age-related changes in the nervous system
is most likely contributing to the client’s
neuropathic symptoms?
A. Peripheral nerve degeneration.
64. Which of the following you should prioritize
in the assessment of an Elderly client’s risk
of falls.
D. Impaired visual acuity
65. Which of the following factors you should
consider in evaluating an elderly client risk
of developing AMD (age- related macular
degeneration)
A. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation
66. An elderly client is risk of developing
presbycusis, which of the following factors
you should consider in the assessment
D. Occupational noise exposure
67. A nurse is assessing an elderly male
client’s risk of developing testicular cancer.
Which of the following factors should the
nurse consider in the assessment?
A. Presence of undescended testicles
68. An elderly client with chronic pain
expresses frustration and helplessness
during a healthcare visit. Which
intervention by the nurse demonstrates
psychosocial care for the client?
A. Referring the client to a pain
management support group.
69. Which intervention by the nurse
demonstrates psychosocial care for an
elderly client who expresses frustration
with memory lapses and difficulty
concentrating?
A. Providing memory enhancement
techniques and cognitive exercises .
70. Which intervention by the nurse
demonstrates understanding of alcoholism
for a client who present to the clinic with
signs of alcohol intoxication?
A. Assessing the client’s alcohol use
and providing education .
71. A nurse is assessing an elderly client who
presents with symptoms of fatigue, weight
gain, and cold intolerance. Which of the
following age-related changes in the
endocrine system is most likely
contributing to the client’s symptoms?
B. Thyroid hormone decline.
72. Which of the following interventions should
the nurse prioritize to manage the client’s
symptoms of urinary incontinence?
A. Encouraging bladder retraining
techniques
73. A nurse is educating an elderly client about
strategies to prevent urinary tract infections
(UTIs). Which of the following
recommendations should the nurse
prioritize based on age-related changes in
the urinary system?
D. Encourage frequent voiding
74. A nurse is assessing an elderly client’s risk
of gastrointestinal bleeding. Which of the
following factors should the nurse prioritize
in the assessment based on age-related
changes in the gastrointestinal system
D. ‘History of aspirin or NSAID use
75. A nurse is assessing an elderly client’s
immune function and observes reduced
thymic size and output. Which of the
following age-related changes in the
lymphatic system is most likely contributing
to client’s immunosenescence?
A. Thymic involution
76. A nurse is assessing an elderly client’s
cardiovascular function and observes
diminished cardiac reserve. Which of the
following interventions should the nurse
prioritize to address this age-related
change?
D. Encourage regular aerobic exercise
77. Which of the following age-related changes
in the respiratory system is most likely
contributing to the client’s symptoms of
decrease chest expansion and shallow
breathing.
C. Decreased chest wall compliance
78. Which of the following interventions is most
appropriate to address impaired gas
exchange of COPD client?
C. Administer the prescribed
bronchodilators
79. A nurse is assessing an elderly client’s risk
of sarcopenia. Which of the following
factors should the nurse consider when
evaluating the client’s muscle mass and
strength.
A. History of regular resistance training
80. During a physical examination, a nurse
observes that an elderly client has
developed a stooped posture and
complains of back pain. Which of the
following age-related changes in the
skeletal system is most likely responsible
for the client’s symptoms?
A. Decreased bone mass in the spine
81. An elderly client presents with thin, fragile
skin and reports a recent wound that is
taking longer than usual to heal. Which of
the following factors related to aging skin
physiology is most likely contributing to
delayed wound healing in this client?
A. Decreased skin barrier function
82. A nurse notes that an elderly client’s skin is
prone to developing pressure ulcers
despite preventive measures. Which of the
following physiological changes in aging
contributes most significantly to the
increased risk of pressure ulcers?
A. Thinning of the epidermis and dermis
83. An elderly client presents with multiple
actinic keratoses on sun-exposed areas of
the skin. Which of the following
interventions should the nurse prioritize for
this client?
D. Recommend the use of sunscreen
with high SPF
84. Which action by the nurse demonstrates
psychosocial care to an elderly client with
a history of depression expresses feelings
of hopelessness and worthlessness?
A. Engaging the client in reminiscence
therapy
85. Which intervention by the nurse
demonstrates an understanding of injuring
prevention to an elderly client in the
emergency department with a fractured hip
after a fall at home?
D. Recommending a home safety
assessment to identify hazards