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CHAPTER 8
HOW CELLS RELEASE CHEMICAL ENERGY

Multiple-Choice Questions E 6. ATP is

a. the energy currency of a cell.
IMPACTS, ISSUES: WHEN MITOCHONDRIA SPIN b. produced by the destruction of ADP.
THEIR WHEELS c. produced but not expended in the process of
photosynthesis.
E 1. Defective mitochondria are a cause of Luft’s syndrome
d. produced during the phosphorylation of any
and
organic compound.
a. Marfan’s syndrome.
e. none of these.
b. Friedrich’s ataxia.
Answer: a
c. type I diabetes.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
d. Alzheimer’s disease.
e. all of these. M 7. ATP is to the cell as __________ is(are) to the
Answer: b financial community.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge a. printed currency
b. checks
M 2. Which of the following are symptoms and signs of
c. credit
Luft’s Syndrome?
d. gold reserves
a. high oxygen consumption.
e. automated tellers
b. constant fever.
Answer: a
c. flushed skin.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension
d. weakness.
e. all of these. M 8. During the third stage of aerobic respiration,
Answer: e electrons and hydrogen ions released by the
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis reactions of the first two stages are picked up by
a. photosynthetic enzymes and ATP.
M 3. The symptoms and signs of Luft’s Syndrome include all
b. CO2 and H2O.
of the following EXCEPT
c. iron and glucose.
a. high oxygen consumption.
d. NAD and FAD
b. constant fever.
e. none of these.
c. flushed skin.
Answer: d
d. abnormally shaped mitochondria.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
e. low number of mitochondria
Answer: e M 9. ATP
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis a. can be produced by photosynthesis.
b. is produced in the degradation of organic
M 4. The symptoms and signs of Friedreich’s ataxia include
compounds such as glucose.
all of the following EXCEPT
c. is generated in anaerobic respiration.
a. loss of coordination.
d. is formed in aerobic respiration.
b. iron buildup in mitochondria.
e. does all of these.
c. serious heart problems.
Answer: e
d. abnormally shaped mitochondria.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
e. weak muscles.
Answer: d D 10. Plant cells are capable of
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis a. photosynthesis.
b. ATP production.
c. glucose breakdown.
OVERVIEW OF CARBOHYDRATE BREAKDOWN d. aerobic respiration.
PATHWAYS e. all of these.
E 5. The aerobic respiration process ends in what area of the Answer: e
eukaryotic cell? Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
a. photosynthetic
b. cytoplasm
c. mitochondria
d. the Krebs cycle
e. gap junction
Answer: c
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluation

66 Test Bank
M 11. All living organisms E 17. Which of the following liberates the most energy
a. generate ATP. in the form of ATP?
b. utilize oxygen. a. aerobic respiration
c. have a well-defined nucleus. b. anaerobic respiration
d. produce carbon dioxide. c. alcoholic fermentation
e. generate ATP and respire. d. lactate fermentation
Answer: e e. all liberate the same amount, but through
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge different means
Answer: a
M 12. When molecules are broken apart in respiration,
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
a. the heat produced is used to drive biological
reactions. M 18. Which of the following has the greatest total
b. the oxygen in the compounds that are broken apart energy?
is used as an energy source. a. cAMP
c. the energy released is channeled into molecules of b. ADP
ATP. c. ATP
d. ATP is converted into ADP. d. glucose
e. ADP is released as a waste product. e. NADPH
Answer: c Answer: d
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluation Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
D 13. Cellular respiration M 19. The correct operational sequence of the three
a. evolved to enable living organisms to utilize processes listed below is
energy stored in glucose. I. glycolysis
b. occurs only in animal cells because plants carry on II. electron transport chain
photosynthesis. III. Krebs cycle
c. utilizes fat as its primary energy source. a. I >>> II >>> III.
d. occurs at the same rate throughout all cells of the b. II >>> I >>> III.
body. c. III >>> I >>> II.
e. is the only cellular mechanism that yields ATP. d. II >>> III >>> I.
Answer: a e. I >>> III >>> II.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge Answer: e
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Synthesis
D 14. Cellular respiration
a. is the reverse of the process of photosynthesis. M 20. Glycolysis requires the input of how many ATPs
b. involves the physical exchange of gases. to cause the breakdown of glucose?
c. is a mechanism of tapping the energy found in the a. one ATP molecule
bonds between atoms in organic compounds. b. two ATP
d. can occur only if there is a supply of glucose c. three ATP
available because no other compound can be the d. one ATP molecule must be taken away from
energy source for cellular respiration. glucose
e. occurs only in animal cells. e. four ATPs
Answer: c Answer: b
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application/Evaluation

M 15. Aerobes use __________ as the final electron acceptor. E 21. The yield from glycolysis includes all EXCEPT
a. hydrogen a. CO2.
b. carbon b. ATP.
c. oxygen c. FADH2.
d. H2O d. NADH.
e. NAD+ e. water.
Answer: c Answer: a
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Synthesis Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis

M 16. Most plants and animals use __________ as their final

hydrogen acceptor in cellular respiration.
a. oxygen
b. sulfur
c. nitrogen
d. magnesium
e. phosphorus
Answer: a
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Synthesis

Chapter 8 How Cells Release Chemical Energy 67

GLYCOLYSIS—GLUCOSE BREAKDOWN STARTS D 27. In the breakdown of glucose, a phosphorylated six-
carbon compound is split into two three-carbon
compounds, which are named
a. PGAL.
b. pyruvate.
c. acetyl-CoA.
d. lactate.
e. acetaldehyde.
Answer: a
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension
M 28. The conversion of PGAL to pyruvate is
E 22. Which of the following is indicated by the arrow as the
accompanied by
location of glycolysis?
a. anaerobic respiration.
a. cytoplasm
b. photophosphorylation.
b. Golgi body
c. the electron transfer chain.
c. nucleoid
d. substrate-level phosphorylation.
d. mitochondrion
e. the Krebs cycle.
e. rough endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: d
Answer: a
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension
M 29. Substrate-level phosphorylation transfers
M 23. Before a glucose molecule can be broken down to
phosphate groups from
release energy,
a. substrate.
a. one ATP molecule must be added to glucose.
b. coenzyme.
b. two phosphate groups must be attached to glucose.
c. the electron transfer chain.
c. three ATP molecules must be added to glucose.
d. ATP.
d. one ATP molecule must be taken away from
e. the Krebs cycle.
glucose.
Answer: a
e. it must be converted to glycogen.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Answer: b
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge D 30. The use of two ATP molecules at the beginning of
glycolysis is comparable to __________ in
D 24. For glycolysis to begin,
finances.
a. glucose must enter the mitochondria.
a. a dividend
b. there must be an input of energy from ATP.
b. a credit
c. oxygen must be available.
c. a debt
d. some hydrogen acceptors must be available.
d. an investment
e. none of these needs to occur.
e. liquidity
Answer: b
Answer: d
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
M 25. Glycolysis depends upon a continuous supply of
M 31. How many ATP molecules (net yield) are
glucose and
produced per molecule of glucose degraded during
a. NADP.
glycolysis?
b. pyruvate.
a. 1
c. NAD+.
b. 2
d. NADH.
c. 4
e. H2O.
d. 36
Answer: c
e. 38
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Answer: b
M 26. Glycolysis Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
a. occurs in the mitochondria.
D 32. Substrate-level phosphorylation
b. happens to glucose only.
a. occurs during glycolysis.
c. results in the production of pyruvate.
b. requires the presence of oxygen.
d. occurs in the cytoplasm.
c. is a precursor for the phosphorylation of
e. results in the production of pyruvate and occurs in
glucose.
the cytoplasm.
d. is the source for the majority of the ATP
Answer: e
produced in aerobic respiration.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
e. does not occur during the Krebs cycle.
Answer: a
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

68 Test Bank
D 33. Which of the following is a phosphorylated M 39. The chemical __________ enters the mitochondria
intermediate compound in glycolysis? to continue respiration.
a. phosphoglycerate (PGA) a. phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)
b. phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) b. oxaloacetate
c. phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL) c. phosphoglycerate (PGA)
d. fructose bisphosphate d. pyruvate
e. all of these e. citrate
Answer: e Answer: d
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
M 34. Which of the following molecules does NOT have a D 40. Which of the following yields carbon dioxide
total of three carbon atoms? during the breakdown of glucose in aerobic
a. PEP respiration?
b. PGAL a. phosphoglycerate
c. fructose-1,6-biphosphate b. pyruvate
d. pyruvate c. oxaloacetate
e. phosphoglycerate (PGA) d. PGAL
Answer: c e. fructose bisphosphate
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis Answer: b
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluation
M 35. The end product of glycolysis is
a. acetyl-CoA. D 41. Krebs cycle reactions and electron transfer
b. oxaloacetate. phosphorylation are
c. pyruvate. a. in the mitochondrion and ER, respectively.
d. citrate. b. in separate parts of the mitochondrion.
e. acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. c. inside and outside the mitochondrion,
Answer: c respectively.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge d. in the same mitochondrial compartment.
e. cytoplasmic reactions.
M 36. The process by which a small amount of the energy in a
Answer: b
glucose molecule is released as it is converted into two
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analysis
small organic acid molecules is
a. photolysis. E 42. The breakdown of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle
b. glycolysis. results in the release of
c. oxidative phosphorylation. a. energy.
d. substrate-level phosphorylation. b. carbon dioxide.
e. the Krebs cycle. c. oxygen.
Answer: b d. hydrogen.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge e. all except oxygen.
Answer: e
M 37. Pyruvate is the end product of
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
a. glycolysis.
b. acetyl-CoA formation. D 43. During the Krebs cycle,
c. fermentation. a. substrate-level phosphorylation occurs.
d. the Krebs cycle. b. oxaloacetate is regenerated.
e. the citric acid cycle. c. electrons and H+ are transferred to coenzymes
Answer: a NAD+ and FAD.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge d. molecules of carbon dioxide are formed.
e. all of these occur.
Answer: e
SECOND STAGE OF AEROBIC RESPIRATION Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
E 38. The Krebs cycle takes place in the D 44. During which phase of aerobic respiration is ATP
a. ribosomes. produced directly by substrate-level
b. cytoplasm. phosphorylation?
c. nucleus. a. glycolysis
d. mitochondria. b. ethanol production
e. chloroplasts. c. acetyl-CoA formation
Answer: d d. the Krebs cycle
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge e. glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle
Answer: e
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluation
D 45. Which is capable of being reduced during either
glycolysis or the Krebs cycle?

Chapter 8 How Cells Release Chemical Energy 69

 a. NAD+
b. FAD+
AEROBIC RESPIRATION'S BIG ENERGY
c. ADP
PAYOFF
d. NADH M 51. When glucose is used as the energy source, the
e. NADP+ largest amount of ATP is produced in
Answer: a a. glycolysis.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge b. acetyl-CoA formation.
D 46. How many passes through the Krebs cycle are required c. the Krebs cycle.
to break down a glucose molecule completely? d. substrate-level phosphorylation.
a. 2 e. electron transfer phosphorylation.
b. 3 Answer: e
c. 4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
d. 6 M 52. Which of the following builds up between the two
e. 12 membranes of the mitochondria?
Answer: a a. pyruvate
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application b. acetyl-CoA
M 47. The first intermediate produced after the entry of c. hydrogen ions
acetyl-CoA into the Krebs cycle is d. electrons
a. pyruvate. e. NADH
b. acetyl-CoA. Answer: c
c. fructose bisphosphate. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
d. oxaloacetate. M 53. Which of the following serves as a terminal
e. citrate. electron acceptor in mitochondria?
Answer: e a. pyruvate
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluation b. acetyl-CoA
M 48. The last intermediate produced in the Krebs cycle c. hydrogen ions
before the entry of the next acetyl-CoA is d. electrons
a. pyruvate. e. oxygen
b. acetyl-CoA. Answer: e
c. fructose bisphosphate. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application/Evaluation
d. oxaloacetate. M 54. The greatest number of ATP molecules is
e. citrate. produced in
Answer: d a. glycolysis.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluation b. alcoholic fermentation.
M 49. Which of the following marks the transition from c. anaerobic electron transfer.
glycolysis to the Krebs cycle? d. electron transfer phosphorylation.
a. acetyl-CoA formation e. the Krebs cycle.
b. conversion of PGAL to PGA Answer: d
c. regeneration of reduced NAD+ Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
d. oxidative phosphorylation E 55. What is the process by which NADH transfers
e. substrate-level phosphorylation electrons to oxygen?
Answer: a a. glycolysis
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge b. acetyl-CoA formation
D 50. The yield from each pyruvate in the second stage c. the Krebs cycle
includes d. electron transfer phosphorylation
a. 4 NADH. e. substrate-level phosphorylation
b. 1 FADH2. Answer: d
c. 1 ATP. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
d. 3 CO2. D 56. The electron transfer chain is located
e. all of these. a. on the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
Answer: a b. on the inner membrane of the chloroplasts.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application c. in the fluid part of the chloroplast.
d. throughout the cytoplasm of the cell.
e. on the plasma membrane of eukaryotes.
Answer: a
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

70 Test Bank
M 57. The ultimate electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is M 63. Each NADH produced in the cytoplasm by
a. NAD+. glycolysis yields how many molecules of ATP if it
b. CO2. is used in electron transfer phosphorylation in
c. ADP. liver, heart, or kidney cells?
d. NADP+. a. 2
e. O2. b. 3
Answer: e c. 4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application d. 6
e. either 2 or 3
D 58. The most abundant acceptor for hydrogen released in
Answer: b
the Krebs cycle is
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
a. TPN.
b. NADP+. D 64. Because __________ cells have a NAD+ shuttle
c. NAD+. built into their mitochondria, they deliver 38 ATP
d. FAD. molecules per glucose molecule.
e. cytochrome oxidase. a. liver
Answer: c b. heart
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application c. kidney
d. liver and heart
D 59. Which is NOT ordinarily capable of being reduced at
e. liver, heart, and kidney
any time?
Answer: e
a. NAD+
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
b. FAD
c. oxygen, O2 D 65. Because of its location in the electron transfer
d. water chain, delivery of electrons to each FAD results in
e. all of these __________ ATPs.
Answer: d a. 4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis b. 2
c. 3
M 60. The energy used to generate most of the ATP formed in
d. 32
aerobic respiration is released when electrons are
e. 0
passed from NADH along a chain to
Answer: b
a. oxygen.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
b. acetyl CoA.
c. FADH. D 66. The highly toxic cyanide poison binds to the last
d. CO2.. molecule in the electron transfer chain, halting
e. NADPH. additional electron transfer. What is the
Answer: a consequence?
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application a. Oxygen can’t pick up electrons.
b. No more water will be formed.
M 61. Which ions accumulate in the outer compartment of the
c. No more ATP will be formed.
mitochondria during electron transport
d. The affected individual will not survive.
phosphorylation?
e. All of these are a consequence.
a. calcium
Answer: e
b. hydrogen
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
c. oxygen
d. phosphorus
e. sodium
Answer: b
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
D 62. The amount of energy released from a glucose molecule
is dependent on what happens to
a. carbon atoms.
b. oxygen atoms.
c. hydrogen atoms.
d. phosphorus atoms.
e. water molecules.
Answer: c
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Chapter 8 How Cells Release Chemical Energy 71

ANAEROBIC ENERGY-RELEASING PATHWAYS E 72. Buttermilk and yogurt are produced by bacteria
that form
D 67. If anaerobic pathways follow glycolysis, a. ethyl alcohol.
a. CO2 will be one of the products as pyruvate is b. acetaldehyde.
converted to lactate. c. pyruvate.
b. the two NADH molecules produced during d. lactate.
glycolysis will (depending on the organism) be e. citrate.
used to reduce pyruvate to either lactate or ethanol Answer: d
and CO2. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Application
c. ATP will be required to convert pyruvate to either
lactate or ethanol and CO2. D 73. If you were searching for anaerobic bacteria, you
d. oxidative phosphorylation occurs either on the would NOT look for them in
plasma membrane or on derivatives of the plasma a. the guts of farm animals.
membrane. b. swamps.
e. none of these will occur. c. mountain streams.
Answer: b d. sediments of lakes and oceans.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluation e. canned goods.
Answer: c
M 68. Bakers use which of the following organisms to make Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
dough rise
a. Candida albicans. M 74. Lactate production in muscle cells is
b. Lactobacillus acidophilus. a. temporary.
c. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. b. due to oxygen deficiency.
+
d. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. c. an NAD regenerator.
e. Giardia lamblia. d. temporary and due to oxygen deficiency.
Answer: c e. temporary, due to oxygen deficiency, and an
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application NAD+ regenerator.
Answer: e
M 69. Bakers use alcoholic fermentation to produce Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
__________ which causes the dough to rise.
c. alcohol M 75. Sulfate-reducing bacteria transfer electrons to
d. ATP __________ in their environment.
c. butyric acid a. SO2
d. carbon dioxide b. H2
e. none of these c. H2SO4
Answer: d d. S
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge e. SO4
Answer: e
D 70. The bacteria that cause botulism cannot live in the Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
presence of
a. carbon dioxide. M 76. Lactose fermentation turns __________into
b. oxygen. __________using electrons from __________.
c. glucose. a. pyruate; NADH; Lactic acid.
d. water. b. pyruvate; Lactic acid; NADH.
e. ATP. c. lactic acid; FADH; pyruvate.
Answer: b d. lactate; pyruvate; ATP.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge e. none of these.
Answer: b
D 71. In the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol, which of the Bloom’s Taxonomy: Synthesis
following is (are) produced?
a. acetaldehyde
b. carbon dioxide THE TWITCHERS
c. NADH
d. acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide only M 77. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of
e. acetaldehyde, carbon dioxide, and NADH slow- twitch muscle fibers?
Answer: d a. pale color
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge b. many mitochondria
c. form ATP only by aerobic respiration
d. operate during marathon runs
e. found in abundance in migrating ducks
Answer: a
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis

D 78. Under anaerobic conditions, muscle cells produce

72 Test Bank
 a. ethyl alcohol.
M 84. Human muscle is made up of.
b. acetaldehyde.
a. slow-twitch fibers.
c. pyruvate.
b. fibrous connective tissue.
d. lactate.
c. polymerated red blood cells.
e. citrate.
d. fast-twitch fibers.
Answer: d
e. a mixture of slow- and fast-twitch muscles.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Answer: e
D 79. Fermentation Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
a. may occur in a muscle under anaerobic conditions.
b. produces more ATP than is liberated in the
hydrogen transfer series. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES IN THE
c. breaks down glucose in reaction with oxygen. BODY
d. is restricted to yeasts.
E 85. The main source of energy in the normal human
e. does none of these.
diet is
Answer: a
a. fats.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
b. carbohydrates.
M 80. Slow-twitch muscle fibers have many mitochondria and c. proteins.
produce ATP using __________. d. nucleotides.
a. aerobic fermentation. e. steroids.
b. aerobic respiration. Answer: b
c. anaerobic muscle recovery. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
d. anaerobic fermentation.
M 86. Intermediates in the breakdown of __________
e. none of these.
can be diverted into glycolysis and the Krebs
Answer: b
cycle.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis
a. carbohydrates
M 81. __________ stores oxygen in the slow-twitch muscle b. lipids
tissues. c. proteins
a. Hemoglobin d. all of these
b. Mitochondria e. carbohydrates and lipids only
c. Myoglobin Answer: d
d. Fermentation Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluation
e. None of these
D 87. Which statement is false?
Answer: c
a. High concentrations of ATP inhibit the
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
formation of more ATP.
M 82. Chicken breast is made up of __________ which b. The ATP concentration in cells actually
accounts for why they can’t fly long distances. decreases at first when cells need large
a. slow-twitch fibers supplies of energy.
b. fibrous connective tissue c. When ATP concentration declines, enzymatic
c. polymerated red blood cells activity that produces ATP declines.
d. fast-twitch fibers d. Cells constantly adjust their metabolic
e. all of these reactions to provide energy whenever it is
Answer: d needed.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge e. The activity of many different enzymes
M 83. Chicken legs are made up of __________ which influences the supply of ATP in cells.
accounts for why they can run long distances. Answer: c
a. slow-twitch fibers Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis
b. fibrous connective tissue M 88. Between meals
c. polymerated red blood cells a. the pancreas secretes glucagon.
d. fast-twitch fibers b. liver cells convert stored glycogen to glucose.
e. all of these c. the brain continues to receive adequate
Answer: a glucose.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge d. fatty-acid conversions supply about half of the
ATP needed by muscle and liver cells.
e. all of these occur.
Answer: e
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

Chapter 8 How Cells Release Chemical Energy 73

 sets up
E 89. Excess glucose in the human diet can result in
production of ATP
accumulations of
Answers: 1. C, 2. D, 3. A, 4. B, 5. E
a. pyruvate.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis
b. NADH.
c. fat.
d. lactate.
e. ATP.
Answer: c
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

REFLECTIONS ON LIFE’S UNITY

M 90. Which of the following features is characteristic of all
life?
a. organization of molecules into cells
b. metabolic control using enzymes
c. a continuous flow of sustaining energy
d. DNA with its hereditary code
e. all of these
Answer: e
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Synthesis
M 91. Which of these statements is false?
a. Photosynthesis continues to enrich Earth’s
atmosphere with “leftover” molecular oxygen.
b. Photosynthesizers bring solar energy into living
systems.
c. Photosynthesizers produce energy-rich molecules
to feed themselves and most other life forms.
d. Photosynthesizers utilize the “leftovers” of aerobic
respiration to make more food.
e. Photosynthesis and cell respiration cycle carbon,
sulfur, and oxygen through the living world.
Answer: e
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis

Matching Questions
M 92. Select the one most appropriate choice for each.
1. ___ glycolysis
2. ___ fermentation
3. ___ acetyl-CoA formation
4. ___ the Krebs cycle
5. ___ electron transfer
phosphorylation
phosphoryl
A. produces NADH and
CO2; changes
pyruvate
B. produces ATP,
NADH, and CO2
C. splits glucose into two
pyruvate molecules
D. regenerates NAD+ as
pyruvate is converted
to ethanol or lactate
E. uses a membrane-
bound system that

74 Test Bank
Classification Questions
Use the five processes listed below for questions 93–97.
a. glycolysis
b. aerobic respiration
c. anaerobic electron transfer
d. alcoholic fermentation
e. lactate fermentation
E 93. In this process, the net energy yield is equal to two
molecules of ATP, and the final product is ethanol.
E 94. In this one-step process, the final product is lactate.
M 95. This process yields the most energy.
D 96. This process involves electron transfer phosphorylation.
M 97. This process precedes the Krebs cycle.
Answers: 93. d, 94. e, 95. b, 96. b, 97. a
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis
Use the five compounds listed below for questions 98–102.
a. ethanol
b. pyruvate
c. lactate
d. citrate
e. acetaldehyde
M 98. This compound is utilized in alcoholic fermentation and
lactate fermentation.
M 99. This compound is produced by fast-twitch muscle
fibers.
D 100. This compound is an intermediate product of alcoholic
fermentation but not lactate fermentation.
E 101. This compound is the end product of glycolysis.
M 102. This compound is an end product of anaerobic
respiration in exercising muscle.

Answers: 98. b, 99. c, 100. e, 101. b, 102. c

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis

Short Answer Questions

M 103. Glucose-6-phosphate is trapped within the cell because
__________.
Answer: the glucose transporter will not recognize G6P.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
M 104. Acetyl-CoA is produced when __________ is broken
down.
Answer: pyruvate
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
M 105. The electron transport chain begins to function when
__________ or __________ are oxidized.
Answer: NADH, FADH
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
M 106. During alcoholic fermentation, __________ is
converted into ethanol.
Answer: pyruvate
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Chapter 8 How Cells Release Chemical Energy 75

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