JS 1 SOCIAL STUDIES 3RD TERM NOTE

SOCIAL AND HEALTH ISSUES

Social and health issues refer to a wide range of problems that affect individuals, communities and
societies as a whole. These issues can have a significant impact on the wellbeing of individuals as well as
of the communities.
They are negative occurrences among the youth, students, in our workplaces and religious people
They are general problem that affects the whole society. The government and the society as a whole ought
to find solutions to such (social) problem.
Some common social problems.
1. Juvenile crimes.
2. Kidnapping.
3. Poverty.
4. Cultism.
5. Examination malpractice.
6. Corruption.
7. Drug abuse and drug dependence.
8. Infectious diseases. HIV/AID
9. Divorce.
JUVENILE CRIMES
Juvenile crime refers to criminal offences committed by individuals who are under the age of 18. They are
those bad behaviours by children before the age of 18 years. These offences can range from minor
infractions such as truancy or curfew violations to more serious crimes such as theft, assault,
shoplifting(that is stealing from shops and supermarket), underage purchase and consumption of alcohol,
fighting in public place, drawing on public walls, vandalism(that is deliberate damage or destruction of any
property), or even homicide.
Causes.
1. Lack of adequate parental care/ supervision: when parents have little or no time to take care of
their children it can lead to juveniles having more opportunities to engage in criminal activities.
2. Negative peer influence: juveniles may feel pressure from their peers to engage in delinquent
behavior(one who disobey or breaks rules)or bad and undesirable behaviours such as stealing or
using drugs.
3. Poverty: juveniles living in poverty may turn to criminal activities as a way to survive or to gain
access to material possessions they otherwise could not afford.
4. Academic difficulties: juveniles who struggle academically may feel disconnected from their peers
and may turn to delinquent bahaviour as a way to gain acceptance or attention.
Effects.
1. Increase in school dropout: when student indulge(that is to give way to a habit or temptation) in
crime, they get distracted from school activities. Student can get suspended or expelled from their
various schools.
2. Family strain: juvenile offenders may strain relationship with their families, who may feel ashamed,
disappointed, or angry about their child’s behavior. Such behaviour most times destroy the image of
their families.
3. Public safety: juvenile crime can also impact public safety, as some juvenile offenders may go on to
commit more serious crimes as adults. This can lead to increased fear and a need for increased law
enforcement and security measures.
4. Legal consequences: juvenile offenders may face legal consequences, such as being placed on
probation, attending counseling, or being sent to a juvenile detention center.
Solution.
1. Parental care: parents and guardians are to monitor the activities of their wards. They are to stop
and punish them as soon as they notice such behaviour in them. This is because the home is the
first agent of socialization of a child.
 2. Education and counseling: education and counseling programs that address underlying issues such
as substance abuse, mental health, and family problems can help prevent juvenile crime and reduce
recidivism (committing new offenses after being punished for a crime.
3. Free education: education should be made free so that children from less privileged homes can go
to school, like their counterpart from rich homes.
4. Religious institutions: they should teach children good morals through their sermons and special
programmes for children and youths.
KIDNAPPING
Kidnapping is the crime of taking someone against their will and holding them captive which usually
involves the use of force, threats, deception, or any other means to take someone away from their home,
workplace, or any other location without their consent.
Kidnapping can also be to take someone somewhere illegally by force, often in order to get money for
returning them. Kidnapping is typically done for a ransom, political or ideological reasons, as a form of
revenge, or for sexual purposes.
Kidnapping is a serious crime and can have severe consequences for both the victims and the perpetrator.
Causes.
1. Greed/ransom: people kidnap others for ransom (money request) because they see it as a way of
making easy money. Kidnappers target individuals who they believe can pay a large sum of money
in exchange for their release.
2. Insecurity: most public places and schools are not secure enough. Even the police do not have
sophisticated weapons to curb the menace.
3. Political or ideological reasons: in some cases, terrorist organizations may kidnap individuals to
demand the release of prisoners or to advance their political agendas.
4. Sexual purposes: kidnapping can also be carried out for sexual purposes, such as human trafficking
or forced marriage.
Effect.
1. Psychological trauma: kidnapped victims suffer severe emotional trauma and shock that sometimes
lead to heart diseases, and other illness. Kidnapping can have long lasting effects on the victim,
including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental issues.
Victims may also experience feelings of helplessness, isolation, and loss of control.
2. Physical harm and death: victims may be physically harmed by their kidnappers, including being
subjected to physical violence, sexual assault, or other forms of abuse. They may also be injured
during the kidnapping itself, especially if the kidnappers use force to take them. Many victims who
tried to resist abduction (kidnapping) or whose relatives could not pay the ransom demanded by
the kidnappers are killed.
3. Reduced sense of security and mistrust: kidnapping can also have a lasting impact on the victim’s
sense of security and safety. Victims who were once kidnapped feel more vulnerable and fearful
and may struggle to trust (others) those around them, even their own family members.
4. Unemployment: where kidnapping is rampant, it will lead to the closure of firms and other
organizations in that area.
Solution.
1. Security: government should provide better security in our communities to discourage kidnapping.
2. Reporting questionable characters: people with questionable characters should be reported to the
police. More so, children should be warned not to open the door for strangers or answer them when
they call them.
3. Job creation: job opportunities should be created by the government, private sector and self-
employment should be encouraged to improve the living standards of the citizens.
4. Addressing underlying factors: kidnapping is often driven by underlying social, economic and
political factors, such as poverty, inequality, and political instability. Addressing these underlying
factors can help reduce the incidence of kidnapping. Factors like poverty and inequality, promoting
economic development, and supporting efforts to promote peace and stability.
POVERTY
Poverty is a state of deprivation, lack of resources, or insufficient income to meet basic needs such as food,
shelter, clothing and healthcare.
Poverty can be absolute or relative. Absolute poverty is a condition where people lack the basic necessities
of life, such as food, clean water, shelter, and healthcare. Relative poverty, on the other hand, is a
measure of poverty in relation to the overall wealth of a society or country.
Poverty is a state of lacking socially acceptable amount of money or material possession. Poverty is a state
of being poor.
Causes.
1. Unemployment and underemployment: when people find it difficult to earn good, regular income,
they become a problem or a liability to society. Underemployment (where people work but earn
low) leads to poverty.
2. Laziness: people who are lazy in school to get a good certificate or learn a good trade end up being
poor. Proverb 10:4Laziness leads to poverty; hard work makes you rich.
3. Conflicts and displacement: armed conflict, violence, and forced displacement can lead to poverty
by disrupting people’s lives, destroying homes and infrastructure, and limiting access to education
and employment.
4. Lack of access to education or illiteracy: people who lack education often have fewer job
opportunities and earn lower wages, which can lead to poverty.
Effect.
1. Hunger: people who live in poverty are often malnourished and ill because they cannot afford to
buy food, or even eat balanced meals. Some of them resort to begging people for money to feed
themselves.
2. High rate of crime and violence: the desire for material goods often leads to crime. Poverty
puts a grate pressure on people. They often lack material things that they need or want, and they
feel that the only way possible to get these things is through crime.
3. Poor health outcomes: poverty is strongly associated with poor health outcomes, including
higher rates of chronic diseases, malnutrition, and mental illness. It leads to people dying early as
they are exposed to all kinds of diseases, as a result of poor living conditions. Many live in shanties
or environments that are not conducive for their health. And when they are sick, many cannot
afford to treat themselves in hospitals. They therefore die in their illness.
4. Illiteracy: poor people are unable to afford proper education for their children. A nation saddled
with a lot of illiterate people cannot progress.
Solutions.
1. Education and free training: can provide individuals with the necessary knowledge and skills to
access better paying jobs and improve their economic situation. Providing free education can also
aid their opportunities
2. Economic growth and creation of jobs: a growing economy and job opportunities can provide
individuals with a stable income and improve their standard of living. Loans should also be given as
a way of encouraging and assisting those that are interested in starting a small business.
3. Development of agricultural sector: farmers and potential farmers must be encouraged through the
provision of loans, agricultural machines, and other forms of assistance.
4. Access to basic services: access to basic services such as clean water, sanitation, and health care
can help reduce poverty by improving outcomes, reducing healthcare costs and freeing up
resources for other necessities.
CULTISM
Cultism refers to a form of organized group of people that promotes a set of beliefs, values, and practices
that are often secretive, exclusive and sometimes involve illegal activities. Cultism is also referred to as a
secret society, confraternities, or fraternities.
Their activities are only meant for its members. Secret cult meetings and activities are carried out usually in
the dark, most often against the accepted norms and values of the society. They engage in a form of ritual,
usually under oath(swearing) which binds members to a common cause. In some cases, cultism can lead
to violence and criminal activities, making it a serious social issue.
Causes.
1. Peer pressure: young people are often influenced by their peers, it can be a significant factor in the
decision to join a cult group. Some are lured into cultism by their mates living in affluence (that is
having plenty of money, nice houses, expensive things etc) in campus, and who persuade them to
join in other to enjoy same material things they possess.
2. Lack of parental guidance: children who lack proper parental guidance or who come from
dysfunctional families may seek acceptance and guidance from cult groups. Some parents who are
in secret cult and have children in higher institutions, could encourage their children to join any cult
group they so desire.
3. Poverty and unemployment: economic hardship and a lack of job opportunities can lead young
people to join cult groups that provide them with a source of income or protection. Automatic slot
into any department of their choice when seeking admission, promise of security, then a job upon
graduation, are all ways applied to lure students into cultism.
4. Psychological factors: psychological factors such as need for identity, purpose, and belonging can
lead some individuals to join cult groups.
Effect
1. Violence: cultism is often associated with violence, including physical assault, intimidation, and
murder. Members may be forced to participate in violent activities or be subjected to violent
retribution if they try to leave the cult. Cult members are potential murderers because they kill
members of the opposing groups, in revenge attacks and even innocent people who they see as a
threat to their groups.
2. Health consequences: cultism can also lead to health consequences such as drug addiction, sexually
transmitted infections, and mental health disorder. Cultist spread HIV/AIDS when they rape
innocent victims. Also during oath taking and initiation ceremonies.
3. Academic disruption: cultism often disrupts academic activities in schools and universities as a result
of inter-or intra-cult clashes. School authorities are forced to close down schools. It may also lead
to the expulsion of cult members and innocent students.
4. Distortion of societal values: the values of the society have been distorted by cult activities because
the values and practices of cult members are directly against the values of the society. For instance,
the society is against murder, violence, immorality, drug abuse and crime. These, on the contrary
are negative societal values promoted by cult members.
Solutions.
1. Education and awareness: education young people about the dangers of cultism and the negative
consequences of joining cults can help prevent them from being lured into cult. Schools, community
centers, and religious organizations can organize seminars and workshops to sensitize young people
about the dangers of cultism.
2. Counseling and psychological support: providing counseling and psychological support to young
people who may be vulnerable to cultism can help them build their self-esteem and resilience, and
empower them to make positive choices.
3. Good upbringing of children: parents and guidance should be encouraged to play a more active role
in the lives of their children, they should instill in them the fear of God and acceptable standard of
living, they should constantly monitor the behavior of their children even while they are in school,
providing guidance and support to help them resist the temptation to join cults.
4. Reporting cult members to authority: innocent students being terrorized to join cults should report
such cultist to the appropriate authority.
EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE
Examination malpractice refers to any dishonest or fraudulent behavior exhibited by individuals
during an examination or test, with the aim of achieving a better result than they would have obtained
through fair means. This can include activities such as cheating, plagiarism, copying from another
person’s work, or using unauthorized materials during the exam.
 Can also be defined, as the form or means students, their sponsor and teachers employ to make
students to get examination results which they do not merit. It can take place in various ways, before
exam, during exam and after exam.
Causes.
1. Lack of adequate preparation by student: some students find it difficult to commit themselves
to proper reading in preparation for exam and may feel overwhelmed or anxious and may turn to
malpractice as a way to compensate for their lack of knowledge.
2. Lack of trained and disciplined teachers: many unemployed people take up teaching job which
they have no zeal or training for. This indirectly affect the students as they are ill-prepared for
examinations. They see cheating as the only way to pass.
3. Pressure to perform/desire for academic success: many student may feel pressure to
perform well on exams, either from their parents, teachers or peers. In some cases some students
may feel that their academic success is the most important thing in their lives and may be willing to
do whatever it takes to achieve it, including cheating on exams.
4. Lack of confidence: some students cheat in an examination because they lack confidence in their
ability to pass such subject on their own.
Effect.
1. Delay of scores: this happens when the whole result of a school is withheld because some students
where caught cheating during an examination.
2. Disgrace: students caught cheating during examinations end up bringing shame to themselves and
to their family by denting their image, and wasting their hard earned money.
3. Legal and ethical consequences: students who engage in examination malpractice may face legal
and ethical consequences, including expulsion, suspension, and criminal charges. This can have
long lasting effect on their academic and professional careers.
4. Inefficiency in workplace: many who end up getting jobs do not perform well on the job, and many
end up with queries from their superiors, while others are dismissed from service.
Solution.
1. Strict enforcement of rules and regulations: educational institution should enforce strict rules and
regulations to prevent examination malpractice. This may include random searches, electronic
devices bans, and proctoring (proctor; a person who supervises students as they take an
examination) during examination.
2. Employment of competent teachers: there is need to employ competent teachers, and also send the
existing ones on training workshops relevant to their fields. By this they will have the tactics to
impact knowledge to the students and to examine them correctly.
3. Use of technology: the use of technology such as biometric identification, artificial intelligence, and
secure examination software can help prevent examination malpractice. This can help institutions
detect and prevent cheating during examinations.
4. Reading habits: students should attend classes regularly, develop good reading habits, and be fully
prepared for all examinations.
5. Supervision of examination: examination halls for students must be spacious in order to curb
cheating. Moreover, responsible individuals should be appointed for supervision of exams.
Corruption.
Corruption can be defined as the misuse of office or position for a private gain or to benefit a group
to which on is affiliated or to give unfair advantage to one’s family and friends. It involves both
monetary and non monetary benefits, involves dishonest or illegal behavior, including bribery,
embezzlement, nepotism, money laundering, fraud and other forms of unethical conduct.
Causes.
1. Greed and personal gain: this is the excessive desire for money and goods. People that are greedy
are not satisfied. They would always look for crooked (corrupt) means to get more, thereby
enriching themselves, their families or their associates.
 2. Poverty and inequality: when salaries are low, workers may be compelled to use their official
positions to collect bribes as a way of making ends meet.
3. Weak legal and regulatory framework: weak laws and regulations can make it easier for individuals
and institutions to engage in corrupt practices without fear of punishment. Corruption strives where
punishment for offenders is mild or hardly exists. In Nigeria, many of the people who embezzle
public funds are hardly prosecuted, some who are prosecuted still have their cases dragged in court
for many years.
4. Unemployment: unemployment is the reason why so many youths are into internet fraud, where
they swindle innocent victims of their hard earned money.
Effect.
1. Impeding economic development: corruption reduces economic growth by diverting resources away
from productive uses and toward corrupt practices. It also makes it more difficult for businesses to
operate fairly and efficiently, creating an uneven playing field.
2. Exacerbating poverty and inequality: corruption can deepen poverty and inequality by diverting
resources away from those who need them the most. This can lead to a cycle of poverty, where the
poor become more vulnerable to corruption.
3. Undermining the rule of law: corruption weaken the rule of law by creating culture of impunity and
undermining the credibility of legal and judicial system.
4. People now regard it as a way of life. This is why a community can give a chieftaincy title to a
convicted criminal.
5. It results to the influx of substandard goods into the country.
6. It leads to waste of talents and initiatives as youths are more involved in criminal activities to make
money.
Solution.
1. Strengthening legal and regulatory laws: strong laws and regulations can help prevent corruption by
creating clear standard of behavior and imposing penalties for violations. It is also important that
this laws are enforced fairly and effectively.
2. Employment creation: government and private sectors should create employment for the masses.
Also, money should be given to individuals who are interested in starting a small business.
3. Education: the government should ensure that only educated people with integrity are elected or
selected into political posts. More so, the masses have to be educated on their rights and
responsibilities as citizens of Nigeria.
4. Promoting international cooperation: international cooperation can help prevent corruption by
sharing best practices, providing technical assistance and supporting the recovery of stolen assets.

DRUG ABUSE/DRUG DEPENDENCY

A drug is any substance which when taken into the body modifies or affects the normal functions of
the body.
Drug abuse refers to the misuse or overuse of drugs for non-medical purposes, leading to harmful
physical, psychological, and social effects. drug abuse or substance abuse is the consumption of a
drug or other substance in excess of what is normally required or for the wrong purpose or person.
Drug dependence on the other hand is a more severe form of drug abuse that involves physical and
psychological dependence on drugs. It is characterized by a strong desire to use drugs despite the
negative consequences, and the inability to stop or control drug use.
Causes.
1. Environment: environmental factors such as peer pressure, stress, trauma, and availability of drugs
can also contribute to drug abuse.
2. Poor parental upbringing: some [parents who do not have time to supervise their children, or who
leave their children to do whatever they desire, end up having drug addicts as children.
3. Curiosity: some people start take drug because they want to see how it is and whether the stories
of drugs making people feel high are true.
 4. Family history: people who grow up in households where drug abuse is common may be more likely
to develop a substance use disorder.
Effect.
1. Drug trafficking: some hard drug users are equally involved in drug trafficking. Illegal movement of
drugs especially hard drugs from one place/state/country to another.
2. Physical health problems: long term drug abuse can lead to a range of physical health problems
including the kidney diseases/damage, respiratory problem, liver disease, brain damage, while some
drug affect the heart and cause hypertension.
3. Legal problem: drug abuse can lead to legal problems, including arrest and imprisonment.
4. Accidents: accidents such as road accidents and domestic accidents, because excessive drugs
disturbs the mind of the citizens.
Solution.
1. Education and prevention: educating young people and the public about the risks of drug abuse can
help prevent drug use. This can involve school programs, public awareness campaigns and
community outreach efforts.
2. Proper law enforcement: if there are strict laws on drugs and they are properly enforced, they will
not be rampant in the society as they are.
3. Good company: parents should ensure that children keep good friends. This can be achieved by
asking them to invite their friends over to the house.
4. Treatment: those who have already become addicted to drugs need access to treatment options.
These can include medical detoxification, behavioural therapies, and medication-assisted treatment.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES HIV/AIDS
Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV) and the disease it cause Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) are serious social problems especially as they have no known cure yet.
HIV is a virus that attack the immune system, which is the body’s natural defense against infections and
diseases. If left untreated, HIV can weaken the immune system and progress to AIDS, which is a condition
that can lead to life-threatening infections and cancers.
There is no cure for HIV, but with (ART), people living with HIV can manage the virus and live long,
healthy lives. ART involves taking a combination of medications that work to suppress the virus, reduce the
amount of HIV in the body, and prevent the virus from progressing to AIDS.
Causes.
1. Sharing injection needles: using a needle used by someone infected with HIV could cause the
new user to be infected too. Those who share manicure and pedicure and tattoo-piercing
equipment such as blade, stand the risk of getting infected.
2. Unprotected sexual intercourse: a person who is infected with HIV could spread the virus to his
or her sexual partner or partners during sexual intercourse. Having multiple sex partners spread the
disease rapidly.
3. Blood transfusion or organ transplant: in rare cases, HIV can be transmitted through blood
transfusions or organ transplant, although this is now very rare due to the testing of the blood and
organs for HIV.
4. Mother to child transfusion: HIV can be transmitted from an HIV-positive mother to her baby
during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
Effect.
1. Death: it leads to death as it has no known cure.
2. Physical effects: as HIV weakens the immune system, people with HIV/AIDS are at the risk of
developing opportunistic infections, which are infections that occur when the body’s immune system
is too weak to fight off normally harmless bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These infections can cause a
range of physical systems, including fever, fatigue, weight loss, and chronic diarrhea. HIV?AIDS can
also cause neurological systems, such as confusion, memory loss, and difficulty speaking or
walking.
 3. Financial burden: allot of money is spent on medical care and nutrition for AIDS patients who
may also be their chief income earner(s). all those factors have forced them into poverty.
4. Strain on family members: family members living with AIDS victims sometimes have to leave
their work to look after them when they become very sick.
Solution/prevention.
1. Education and awareness: government and non governmental organization should educate
people on HIV, how it spreads, its effect, management and control.
2. Responsible sexual life: unmarried people should abstain from sex, and married people or
couples should be faithful to their partners. Practicing safe sex can significantly reduce the risk of
HIV transmission.
3. Sharp object: do not share needles, razor, clippers or any other sharp objects with people to
avoid being infected.
4. Get tested: regular HIV testing is important in identifying the virus early and accessing treatment
and care.
DIVORCE
This is the legal dissolution of a marriage between a man and a woman declared by a court or other
competent body.
Causes.
1. Immaturity: when people who are not mature get married, such couples always disagree o many
issues. Their immaturity may be because of age, level of education, financial position or general
lack of discipline and patience.
2. Domestic violence or abuse: any form of abuse, whether physical, emotional, or psychological,
can be a major cause of divorce.
3. Infidelity or betrayal: affairs or other breaches of trust can cause irreparable damage to a
marriage. Where one or both partners are unfaithful by having affairs outside marriage. The case is
made worse if a baby results from a sexual relationship outside marriage.
4. Communication breakdown: poor communication or an inability to resolve conflicts can lead to
a breakdown in the relationship.
Effect.
1. Juvenile delinquency: apart from emotional difficulty that children suffer, most of their
behaviours become uncontrollable when their parent split, because a parent would not be able to
cope well with the duties of two parents.
2. Emotional distress: divorce can cause intense emotional distress for both parties, including
feelings of grief, anger, depression, and anxiety.
3. Loneliness: divorce can make one very lonely, especially if there are no children around. Children
withdraw themselves from people and sometimes blame themselves for the break-up between their
parents. Loneliness on the long run can lead to suicide.
4. Depression: children are most unhappy when they go their separate ways, they feel sad when
they see their peers with their parents. Depression also occurs in either the husband or wife or both
of them.
Solution.
1. Maturity: couples must be physically, financially and emotionally mature before attempting
marriage. They should have patience with each other.
2. Preparation: couples must take time to study and understand the behavior of their partners and
not rush into marriage.
3. Counseling: couples counseling can be a helpful tool for addressing issues in a relationship,
improving communication, and preventing divorce.
4. Faithfulness: both partners should be faithful to each other, and have the fear of God.
5. Communication: communication is critical to any relationship. Regular communication and open
honest dialogue can help couples address problems before they become unmanageable.
OUR ROLES IN PROMOTING SAFETY IN OUR SOCIETY
Safety is our being free from danger. Harm, risk or injury. It also involves our property being free from
damage or theft(stealing).
An accident refers to an unforeseen or sudden event that causes damage or injury. It can occur in the
home, school, at work or around the environment.
Why safety is important.
1. Health and wellbeing: safety is important for maintaining good health and wellbeing. This
includes measures such as ensuring the safety of food and water, promoting safe behaviors, and
providing access to health care.
2. Protection of life: safety rules save lives. Safety rules are especially important in schools because
when parents send their children to school, they are trusting teachers with the students’ safety
(life).
3. Protection of property: some property are difficult to replace, especially if they cost so much.
Adhering to safety rules ensures the protection of these valuables or assets.
4. Prevention of accidents: to prevent accident and be safe, road users on our roads must obey the
road safety signs and rules. For instance, would be driver must pass a driving test in order to drive
a car well, observing rules of safety.
5. Enjoyment of right: people need to obey safety rules in order to enjoy social, economic and
political rights. For instance, safety is required so that people can trade with each other, interact,
worship in churches and mosques, and move from one place to the other. We would not feel safe in
any dangerous environment.
Safety measures around the home.
The following should be observed:
1. Falls: in other to prevent fall in the house, it is very important to keep the floors dry and clean,
water, grease, vegetable and fruit peelings should be removed at once from the floor to avoid
slipping.
2. First aid box: a standard collection of emergency supplies for treatment of minor injuries or
stabilization of major injuries and all care given before regular medical aid can be obtained. Every
home should have a first-aid kit. All members of the family should know where it is located, and
how to use it in case of an emergency.
3. Dangerous things: adults should discourage children from playing with dangerous materials such
as rubber bands, cables, broom sticks, matches or rods so that they do not use them to hurt
themselves.
4. Poisoning: this involves the accidental swallowing of things like drugs, detergents and insecticides.
To prevent this from happening, always keep medicines and chemicals away from children,
preferably in a locked cabinet.
5. Avoid placing any open flame like candles near clothes, bedsheets, beddings, or anything that can
burn easily.
School safety measures.
School safety can be defined as a situation in which the learner (student), the teacher and everybody in
the school environment feels at home, develops confidence, maintains a positive state of mind, and does
not show any sign of fear or withdrawal.
School safety rules include the following.
1. Do not shout or run while walking around the school corridors.
2. Always wear your school identity card.
3. Never run while going up or down the staircase.
4. Bushes around the school should be cut regularly in other to prevent the breading of snakes and
other harmful animals.
5. Experiments done in the laboratory should be supervised by the subject teacher. Also, students
must be well-equipped with lab coats and goggles.
Safety measures in our environment.
1. Avoid going strange places or interacting with strange people (you do not know).
2. Surroundings of uncompleted buildings should be weeded and cleaned always, and regularly
watched to avoid criminals hiding or meeting there.
3. Landlords should not admit tenants without first verifying their work and character.
4. Keep your environment clean always.
5. Local security (vigilante) could be employed especially for the right, in liaison with the police.
6. The community should quickly attend to damaged or fallen electric poles to avoid dangers of
electrocution (death by electric shock)
Beach/pool safety measures.
1. Do not swim in the dark, as no one can see you if you need help.
2. Never continue swimming in case you get into difficult. Go back to land immediately.
3. If you think the sea is too rough, do not go in, no matter how good a swimmer you are.
4. If you hear a siren, or the life guards tell you to get out of the water, get out at once. They know
what they are doing, and they give their time to keep you safe.
5. Never turn your back on the ocean, you may be swept off by strong waves.