(Chapter -2) Rights in Indian Constitution

Class XI

What is Fundamental Right?

Fundamental Rights are the basic rights which are recognised and enforced by the
constitution. Therefore it is justifiable. We can not survive without fundamental rights.

Why are Fundamental Rights necessary?

● Fundamental Rights are necessary for the all-around development of the citizens.
● They are also necessary for the success of democracy.
● Fundamental Rights put a check in the rules.
● Fundamental Rights are fundamental in governance.

What are equality before the law and equal protection of Law?

Equality before the law means that every person irrespective of his caste, race, colour, and
status will be considered equal before Law and have equal opportunity. Equal protection of
Law means that Law will be enforced uniformly.

Which right removes untouchability?

Art-17 of Fundamental Right of Equality provides for the removal of untouchability which has
been practiced for a long time in our society.

Why and when were Fundamental Duties added to the Constitution?

As we know in the original Constitution Fundamental Duties were not added to the
Constitution. When the emergency was imposed by the Indira Gandhi government in 1975
the need for Fundamental Duties was felt hence ten Fundamental Duties were added in the
Constitution by 42nd Amendment 1976 in the IVth A part of the Constitution in 51 A article.

Write four main features of our Fundamental Rights;

1. Our Fundamental Rights are not absolute. Some reasonable restrictions can be imposed
upon them.

2. Fundamental Rights are justiciable.

3. Fundamental Rights can be amended and can be snatched in an emergency.

4. Fundamental Rights make difference between citizens and aliens.

What do you mean by Directive Principles of State Policy?

Directive Principles are the socio, economic conditions, facilities that are to be kept in mind
by the central and state governments while making policies. They have been named as
Directive Principles because they will be guiding principles of policies of the government of
the day.

What is the importance of the Directive Principles of State Policies?

These principles are the pious fishes of. the constitution-makers which they wanted to give
the citizens but could not make guarantee because of the paucity of resources. Hence they
left these on the will of the coming governments as per the availability of resources. The
purpose of their principles is to build socio economic democracy.

Mention some fundamental duties.

1. To abide by the Constitution and respect the national Flag and National Anthem.

2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired the National movement,

3. To protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.

4. To depend on the country.

5. To promote the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people.

6. To preserve the rich heritage of our common culture.

7. To protect and improve the natural environment

8. To develop a scientific temper and spirit of inquiry.

9. To safeguard public policy.

10. To starve towards excellence in all spheres of undivided and collective life:

What is given in Art 16 (4)

This article in part of the Right of Prohibition of discrimination in the matter of employment.
This provides that nothing in this article shall prevent the state from making any provision for
the reservation of appointment or posts in favor of the state, is not adequately represented in
the services under the state.

What right is given in Art 21 of the constitution?

This article provides for the protection of life and personal liberty. It says that no person shall
be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by Law.
This means the life and liberty of a person cannot be taken arbitrarily.
Write the Differences between Fundamental rights and Directive principles of state
policy.

The followings are the main differences between Fundamental Rights and Directive
Principles of State Policy.

1. Fundamental Rights are justiciable while Directive Principles are not justiciable.

2. The purpose of Fundamental Right is to establish political democracy while the purpose of
the Directive Principle of State Policy is to establish economic democracy.

3. The language of Fundamental Rights is legal while the language of Directive principles is
not legal.

4. Fundamental Rights make a distinction between citizens and aliens but Directive
Principles of State Policy does not make any distinction.

5. Fundamental Rights are guarantees while the Directive Principles of State Policy are just
assurances.

Write some measures of government as part of Directive Principles of State Policy.

1. Land reforms
2. The ceiling on an urban and rural property
3. Nationalisation of Banks
4. Abolition of the princely purse
5. An old-age pension scheme
6. Fixed minimum wage 7. Enactment of factory laws
8. Cottage and small scale factory
9. Gramin Rojgar Yojna
10. Women empowerment
11. Insurance schemes
12. Housing development
13. Removal of untouchability.
14. Reservation for the upliftment of Sc's, St's,
and backward classes.
15. To check environmental pollution.