LEARNING MATERIAL – 02 DATE: 02-12-22

SUBJECT NAME: NPS 2 – PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS

TRAINER: ENGR. VINCENT T. VASQUEZ

Vector and Scalar Quantities

 Scalar quantity – is a physical quantity, which has magnitude only.
Examples: {volume, temperature, height, mass, age, speed, length, work, energy,
etc.}
 Vector Quantity – is a physical quantity, which has both magnitude and
direction.
Examples: {force, velocity, acceleration, displacement, weight, momentum,
torque, etc.}
The RESULTANT of a number of similar vectors is that single vector which would have
the same effect as all the original vectors taken together.

A. Vectors Operations
1. Addition of Vectors

Given two vectors 𝐴⃗ and 𝐵

⃗⃗ inclined at an angle Ɵ to each other:

2. Vector Multiplication
 a. Scalar Multiplication

When a vector 𝐴⃗ is multiplied by a scalar m, the resultant is a vector m𝐴⃗

whose direction is the same as the direction of 𝐴⃗ and whose magnitude
is m times the magnitude of 𝐴⃗.
b. Dot Product: Scalar Product of Two Vectors

c. Cross Product: Vector Product

B. Vectors in Two-Dimensional Space

1. Vector Components – the projections of the vector on the coordinate axis.

2. Sign Convention of Vector Components

Note: Vector to the Right and Upward are positive.
Vector to the Left and Downward are negative.
C. Resultant of Two or More Parallel Vector

 Case 1 (Parallel Vectors)

For vectors parallel horizontally:

For vectors parallel vertically:

 Case 2 (Perpendicular Vectors)

By Pythagorean Theorem:

 Case 3 (Vectors acting at an angle other than 90⁰)

Newton’s Laws of Motion