1

CHAPTER
Real Numbers

NCERT Exercise

\ HCF of 510 and 92 = 2
Exercise-I
and LCM of 510 and 92
1. Express each number as a product of its prime = 22 × 3 × 5 × 17 × 23 = 23460
factors:
Now, HCF × LCM = 2 × 23460 = 46920 …(i)
(a) 140 (b) 156
Product of numbers = 510 × 92 = 46920 (ii)
(c) 3825 (d) 5005
(e) 7429 From (i) and (ii), we get:
LCM × HCF = Product of numbers
Sol. (a) 22 × 5 × 7 (b) 22 × 3 × 13
(c) 32 × 52 × 17 (d) 5 × 7 × 11 × 13 Hence, verified.
(e) 17 × 19 × 23 (c) By prime factorisation, we get:
2. Find the LCM and HCF of the following pairs of 336 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 7
integers and verify that LCM × HCF = product 54 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
of the two numbers.
\ HCF of 336 and 54 = 2 × 3 = 6
(a) 26 and 91
and LCM of 336 and 54 = 24 × 33 × 7 = 3024
(b) 510 and 92
Now, LCM × HCF = 3024 × 6 = 18144 …(i)
(c) 336 and 54
Product of numbers = 336 × 54 = 18144…(ii)
Sol. (a) 26 and 91
From (i) and (ii), we get:
On expressing 26 and 91 as product of its prime
factors, we have LCM × HCF = Product of number

26 = 2 × 13 Hence, verified.

91 = 7 × 13 3. Find the LCM and HCF of the following integers

by applying the prime factorisation method.
Hence, LCM (26, 91) = 2 × 7 × 13 = 182
(a) 12, 15 and 21 [CBSE 2020]
and HCF (26, 91) = 13
(b) 17, 23 and 29
Verification:
(c) 8, 9 and 25
Product of 26 and 91 = 26 × 91 = 2366
Sol. (a) By prime factorisation, we get:
Product of LCM and HCF = 182 × 13 = 2366
12 = 2 × 2 × 3
Clearly, LCM (26, 91) × HCF (26, 91)
= Product of 26 and 91. 15 = 3 × 5
(b) By prime factorisation, we get: 21 = 3 × 7
510 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 17 HCF of 12, 15 and 21 = 3
92 = 2 × 2 × 23 and LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 420.
 (b) By prime factorisation, we get: Taking 5 as a common factor, we get,
17 = 17 × 1 = 5(7 × 6 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 1)
23 = 23 × 1 = 5(1008 + 1) = 5 × 1009
29 = 29 × 1 Hence, 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 5 is a composite

\ HCF of 17, 23 and 29 = 1 number.
and LCM = 17 × 23 × 29 = 11339. 7. There is a circular path around a sports field.
Monika takes 18 minutes to drive one round
(c) By prime factorisation, we get:
of the field, while Rohit takes 12 minutes for
8 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 1 the same. Suppose they both start at the same
9 = 3 × 3 × 1 point and at the same time, and go in the same
25 = 5 × 5 × 1 direction. After how many minutes will they meet

\ HCF of 8, 9 and 25 = 1 again at the starting point?

and LCM of 8, 9 and 25 = 23 × 32 × 52 = 1800.
4. Given that HCF (306, 657) = 9, find
LCM (306, 657).
Sol. HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = ab
ab
⇒ LCM (a, b) =
HCF(a, b)
\ LCM (306, 657)
306 × 657
= =34 × 657 =22338
9
5. Check whether 6n can end with the digit 0 for
any natural number n.
Sol. For a number 6n to end with the digit zero (0), it
must be divisible by 5, as we already know that any
number having unit place as 0 or 5 is divisible by 5.
Prime factorization of 6n = (2 × 3)n
As we can see that, the prime factorization of 6n
doesn’t contain prime number 5.
Therefore, it is clear from above that, 6n is not
divisible by 5 for any natural number n and hence,
it proves that 6n can never end with the digit 0 for
any natural number n.
6. Explain why 7 × 11 × 13 + 13 and 7 × 6 × 5 × 4
× 3 × 2 × 1 + 5 are composite numbers.
Sol. For 7 × 11 × 13 + 13
= 13(7 × 11 + 1) = 13 × 78
= 13 × 13 × 3 × 2
Hence it is composite number
For 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 5
Sol. We need to find the number of minutes after which
they will meet again at the starting point. For this,
there will be a smallest number that is divisible by
both 18 and 12 and that will be the time when both
meet again at the starting point. To find this we have
to take LCM of both numbers.
Therefore, LCM (18, 12) = 2 × 3 × 3 × 2 = 36
Hence, Monika and Rohit will meet again at the
starting point after 36 minutes.
Exercise-2
1. Prove that 5 is irrational.
Sol. Let us assume to the contrary that 5 is a rational
number.
a
i.e. 5= (where, a and b are co-prime, integers
b
and b ≠ 0)
⇒ b 5=a
On squaring both sides, we have
(b 5 )
2
= a 2 ⇒ 5b2 = a2...(i)
As, a2 is divisible by 5, so a is also divisible by 5
(by theorem 2).
So, we can write a = 5c, for some integer c and on
substituting the value of a in equation (i), we get
5b2 = (5c)2 ⇒ b2 = 5c2
As, b2 is divisible by 5, it means b is also divisible
by 5 (by theorem 2).
Therefore, a and b have at least 5 as a common

2 UDAAN Study Material Class-X PW

 factor. But this contradicts the fact that a and b b
are co-prime. This contradiction has arisen because So, is a rational number.
a
of our incorrect assumption that 5 is a rational So, 2 is a rational number which contradicts
number. the fact that 2 is irrational.
Hence, 5 is an irrational number. This contradiction occured due to we assumed
1
2. Prove that 3 + 2 5 is irrational. that is rational.
2
1
Sol. Let us assume to the contrary, that 3 + 2 5 is rational. Hence, we conclude that is irrational.
2
i.e., where a, b are integers, co-prime & b ≠ 0 such
(b) Let us assume that 7 5 is rational.
that

\ There exists co-prime, integers a and b (b ≠
a a
3+ 2 5 = ⇒ 2 5= −3 0) such that:
b b
1a  a a
⇒= 5 7 5 =
⇒ 5=
 − 3 b 7b
2 b 
1a  a
Since, a and b are integers, thus, Since a and b are integers, we get is rational
 − 3  is a 7b
2 b  and so 5 is rational.
rational number and therefore, 5 should also be
But this contradicts the fact that 5 is irrational.
a rational number.
This contradiction has arisen because of our
But this contradicts the fact that 5 is irrational. incorrect assumption that 7 5 is rational.
Hence, we conclude that 3 + 2 5 is irrational. Hence, we conclude that 7 5 is irrational.
3. Prove that the following are irrationals (c) Let us assume that 6 + 2 is rational.
1
\ There exists co-prime, integers a and b (b ≠
(a) (b) 7 5
2 0) such that
(c) 6 + 2 a a
6 + 2 = ⇒ 2 = –6
1 b b
Sol. (a) Let us assume to the contrary that is a a
2 Since a and b are integers, we get – 6 is
rational number. b
rational and so 2 is rational.
1 a
So, = , where a and b are co-prime,
2 b But this contradicts the fact that 2 is
irrational.
integers and b ≠ 0.
This contradiction has arisen because of our
b

⇒ a 2 =⇒
b 2= incorrect assumption that 6 + 2 is rational.
a

Q b and a are integers. Hence, we conclude that 6 + 2 is irrational.

Real Numbers 3