REPORTED SPEECH

Lo usamos para contar lo que alguien nos ha dicho, sin emplear las mismas palabras que esa persona usó. En las
frases donde aparece el Reported Speech, vemos a dos tipos de hablantes:

1. Speaker: quien lo dijo

2. La persona quien cuenta lo que el Speaker dijo.

Ejemplo: The star of the film said that she was surprised as its success.

Cuando remplazamos lo que literalmente dijo el Speaker a Reported Speech, la frase se somete a varios cambios

ACTUAL WORDS REPORTED SPEECH

Present Simple: Past Simple:

Ex: “I like France”, he said Ex: He said he liked France

Present Continous: Past Continous:

Ex: “I’m not feeling well”, she said Ex: She said she wasn’t feeling well

Past Simple: Past Perfect:

Ex: “I passed my test last year”, she said Ex: He said he had passed his test last year

Past Continous: Past Perfect Continous:

Ex: “I wasn’t listening”, she said Ex: She said she hadn’t been listening

Present Perfect: Past Perfect:

Ex: “I’ve been very busy”, he said Ex: He said he had been very busy

Present Perfect Continous: Past Perfect Continous:

Ex: “I’ve been waiting for you”, she said Ex: She said she had been waiting for me

MODALS

Will: Would:
Ex: “I will help you”, he said Ex: “ He said he would help me

Can: Could:
Ex: “I can’t hear you”,she said Ex: She said she couldn’t hear me

Am/Are/Is Going To: Was/Were Going To:

Ex: “I’m going to leave”, he said Ex: He said he was going to leave

Must: Had to:

Ex: “I must walk”, she said Ex: She said se had to walk
Aparte de los tiempos verbales también hay expresiones temporales que cambian:

ACTUAL WORDS REPORTED SPEECH

Now Then, at that time

Today That day

Tonight That night

This (morning /week /month/year) That (morning /week /month /year)

Yesterday The day before

Last (week /month/year) The (week /month/year) before

(Two days / a year) ago (Two days / a year) earlier

Tomorrow The next / following day

PLACE EXPRESSIONS

This That

These Those

Here There
 REPORTED QUESTIONS

ACTUAL WORDS REPORTED QUESTION

Askked (someone) + What / Where etc. + Subject

+ Reported Speech
· For questions asking for information
Note: Don’t use a question pattern after What /
When etc. in reported questions.
Ex: “How much is it?”, he asked Ex: He asked how much it was

Asked (someone) + Whether / If + Subject +

Reported Speech
· For questions asking for the answer yes / no
Ex: “Do you need any help?”, I asked her. Ex: I asked her whether / if she needed any help.

Asked (someone) + Infinitive with TO

· For requests
Ex: “Could you give me some advice?”, she asked Ex: She asked me to give her some advice.
me

Asked (someone) + For + Noun

· For requests
Ex: “Could I have another coffr, please?”, he Ex: He asked (me) for another coffee.
asked me.
 REPORTING VERBS AND STRUCTURES
Say (that) + Reported Speech
Say to someone (that) + Infinitive with TO
Note: Do not use say someone WITHOUT TO
Tell someone (that) + Reported Speech
Tell someone + Infinitive with TO
Note: The verb tell must be followed by an object
Explain (that) + Reported Speech
Explain to someone + Infinitive with TO
Note: Do not use explain followed by a person
Promise + Infinitive with TO
Promise (that) + Reported speech
Promise someone (that) + Reported Speech
Note Do not use promised sombedy or to do
something
Suggest (to someone) (that) + Reported Speech
= say something as an idea; propose
Complain (to someone) (that) + Reported Speech
= say you are not satisfied with or happy about
something
Complain (to someone) about + noun
Argue (with someone) (about + noun)
=say that you don’t agree, espacially angrily
Criticize someone for + -ing
= say that you don’t like something that
somebody does
Protest (to someone) (about + noun)
= say very strongly that you don’t like or agree
with somethin or that something is unfair.
Apologize (to someone) (for + -ing)
=say “I’m sorry”
Note: Do not use apologize someone without TO
He said (that) he was feeling tired.
She said to the interviewer (that) she wouldn’t
answer the question.
NOT: He said me that he was happy
They told us (that) the hotel was full.
The boss told me not to be late again
NOT: They told (that) the hotel was full
I explained (that) I was going to be late because I
was delayed.
She explained to me (that) se couldn’t finish the
work on time.
NOT: I explained him to arrive on time
You promised to cook the meal tonight
You promised (that) you would cook the meal
You promised me you would cook the meal
NOT: I promised him to arrive on time
He suggested to me that we went to the cinema
We complaines (to the neighbours) (that) the
music was too loud
We complained (to the neighbours( about the
noise
He often argues with her about money.
She’s always criticizing him for being late.
They protested to the goverment.
We potested about the low pay rise.
I apologized for embarrassing her.
He apologized to us dor keeping us waiting
NOT: I apologized him
Thank someone (for + noun/ing) They thanked me for my help / for helping them.
= say “thank you” You can’t blame me for the terrible weather.
Blame someone (for + noun/-ing) She blamed me for making us late.
=tell somebody that you think they are
responsible for something bad that has
happened

Discuss + noun (with someone) His discussed his future with his teachers.
=talk about a subject, especially an important NOT: He discussed about his future
one
Note: So not use discuss about + noun

Agree ´infinitive with TO She agreed to lend me some money.

=say “yes” when asked to do someone She agreed (that) she had made a mistake.
Agree (that) + Reported Speech
=admit to + -ing

Deny + -ing They denied breaking the law.

=say something that is not true They denied (that) they had broken the law.
Deny (that) + Reported Speech
= Deny +-ing

Refuse + infinitive with TO I tried to explaun but he refused to listen to me.

=say “no” when asked or told to do something,
or offered something

Insist on + -ing We told him we eould pay for ourselves but he

=say that you will do something because you insisted on paying all the costs himself.
really want to do it, even though somebody She insisted (that) she had not taken my pen.
else says it is unnecessary or unwanted I insisted that the assistant served me next
Insist (that) + Reported Speech
=say firmly that something is the case,
especially when someone else doesn’t believe
you ore agree with you
=say firmly that somebody must do
something, especially when they are refusing
to do it
Demand + infinitive with TO She demanded to speak to the person in charge
=ask to do something very firmly, in a way I demanded that she gave me an answer
that suggests you will bot accept the answer immendiately.
“no”
Demand (that) + Reported Speech
= ask somebody to do something very firmly,
in a way that suggests you will not accept the
answer “no”.

Accese someone of + -ing Are you accusing me of stealing?

=tell somebody that you believe the have
done something wrong or bad

Threaten + infinitive with TO ( + unless / if)
=tell somebody that you will hurt or punis
m¡them if they don’t do what you want them
to do
Note: Do not use threaten + object + infinitive
She thratened to sack him unless his work
improved / if his work didn’t improve.
NOT: She threatened him to sack

Encourage someone + infinitive with TO She encouraged me to keep trying

= tell somebody that they are able to do
something and that it is a good idea for them
to do it; support and give confidence to
somebody

Urge someone + infinitive with TO I urged her not to give up trying.

= tell somebody that is very important for She urged me to act quickly
them to do something; try to persuade
somebody to do something; recommend
something strongly

Persuade someone + infinitive with TO I persuaded him to lend me his car

= succeed in making somebody agree to do
something by giving them good reasons for
doing it
Persuade (that) + Reported Speech He persuaded me (that) it was a good idea to buy
= succeed in making somebody believe that it.
something is true

Convince someone + infinitive with TO I convinced her to reduce the price.

= persuade somebody to do something
Convince someone (that) + Reported Speech
= make somebody believe something She convinced me (that) I was making a mistake