1388 "# $ 9 -

!"

# $%& ' ( $

! .23 # 45 - 1 , . 01 -2 + , - . ( -1

– – -1
–2

87/9/20 : <" 6 $ 87/3/11 : '( 6 $

: *; <= %99/5) ) * + ) 3- $ 4 ) .!" # $ %&' ( $ ) * + ) * ,- ./0 1 )

+J ? -I ) <$ !G& ) -E$ . HF G %, 0 – D <$ ,EF < 0 < - C) - AIBN B – ?@A – (

ml = J / +J ? – I !GJ& PVC O JPQ ) -E$ . ! GL? % ,) * M B M < E$ !N*B-(1:1 F !G&

- ) UJ&) WJ ? PVC <J ) J-E$ <-) U&) V' . ! $ - <= 60 H 0/2 B -100 g/200
0/37 J= * Y 3- X ( PVC * <),F? M $ . ) <G Q 0/95 % , 0 *U O E*$
. ! $

<-) U&) -(AIBN)+) - ? $ ,) V $ - ) * + ) * -% & ' :, &

P.V.C

. #. -3 #( - 2( + ) ( ) -1

5 6 " 7 #. 80 P.V.C (3 4 1 " 01 " 2

C)D 0 < =0 >? ) ")( @ A B09 :; 5 7 9: 0 9 3 #. 80

...... #. 80 C 0 6 5"

1D . D " 5 P9 0 ( M: NO ) GH6 I "# J3 3 K L $ 0

GDH6 9DI= QD R? 1 T M < (@ M ) # . : Q R? S 80

. U< @ M : P

CD " – 402V 0$< DI3 D# 6 D# 6 C W05 C " 0 3 05 V 0$< Q P X$ 2<

. K OY Z? 9 Y0 GH6 U< …0 C " 0 ( 0

5 P 0 O 5 6 R ? 9# Y 6 O ["# K OY )

[ D\ 3 D . D D C D+3 C)D 0 6 P K OY G X ["# Q 5 0

.9 # 10µm ( 10 mm P $ P 6 " ) ]^ C

9D\ 2 DX 0 9D ? D D 6 7 1 P "# P.V.C + 5 6

ID 0 1D D . D D ` #3 B 6 ab G 0 c 6 ( )( $0 57 ] X$ 2<

D0 D X D $ D GD4 e D# 0 cDX D D\bZ CD Y D] D $ d 0 4"

QD H3 0 D ; D) K b 4" ) 0G 0 $ X0 " 9M 0 5 6

.9# U O 0 +4 "M f \ O4 $ c( 9 T #

:9 $g fZB O + 80 5 6Q M 01 ?

D3 D i( DB ( D>? 0 9D : Df 04 >"Y \ O4 $ $ 0 80 :

. 0< 9

D) D ` D G 5D: 0 G D 0 $ X0 0 X` G 5: 9 M () I "# :

. " 6 ( )( = 3 j d$ 0 =0 6 Q H3 0 ; 0 Q H3

5 6 9 1 6 " k ) =3 l V) . 0 5 6

. C) " 5 6 0 ` 9M 9# "# 0

$ D X 9D M 9D $ X G D 0 ) [2 0 G 5: m M 0 X 3 5 6

. 0 G 0 $ Cf b X "b 3 G 01 6

QD D 0 D+ D 5 6 D D n " "D 1 D 7 D3 D T L Q( O $ 1

. 3 5 6

0 1 D6 DP U< D CD 0 1 D6 cD6 Z? 9 M P.V.C #( 5 6

D . D e# $ R? 5 6 o b– # P X$ 2< 0 P ; #( K0
 -

1D#b . D < D 1 6 >? ) ")( 9 f B 0 " >? 9 : ; $ ; #( $ ;" 9 M

0/05 – 5 µm P $ 6 P 0 U< ab 9 M 60 Q H3 80 1

D>? D 3 Df 0 i( B <9 >? 05: ab 9 M j d$ . I3 3

D 9 Y X P <: ;" S B0 $ i( B P < :$ $ =

.0 80 1 Q M 05= 0 "# :f 04 "M f \ O4 $ 0

P0 $ X$ 2< : 4 OY P #. 80 C 0 5 6

D+ D 5 6S" D D Y$ 0 C + 5 6 ["# S XR?

09 "M + 9( b 9+# 5 69 #. ["# K0 ;3 1 9 M+3

D+ D < : D 9+D# 0 9D: 9D TD ( )( = 3 6 0 ( 4" I 0 3 9

< 9D +s3 0 c6 K f "b " ["# 0 $ [P 9 09 31 6R? 0 X

80 1D 1D ? . 0< D G 6 ; Cs + ["# KZaM <R? $ ;" 0 0 + )

:9 $g #( ["# 9+#

. < 9 H( $ ( >? 0 [ \ 3 "b P $ –1

.9 c6 ) " 5P j f < $ i( B 0 9 " < >( B 5 –2

:$ 3 + iH #. 80 C 0 5 6 9#

t ( "b KZ) 1 $ I 0 0 0 X0 " U< 6 I 4 1 M3

. 5 6

#. 80 C 0 5 6 9I= Q " 9 P

uD 4 D) < Db .9D wD $ x T : v $ < V = 0 ( Batch ) "# v $ "M f u 4

. ;" + 0 $ [I y 5I P P 1( $ P $<
...... #. 80 C 0 6 5"

!" # $ :1

& ' " ( )*# + ,$ & -# *. - /& - 0 # :2

12 3 &

DB $( D $ C : # " – 4 % 0/02 0 b) f 99/5 A B = C 0

V D 0$< ;"DD D X$ D2< . D ;"DD 1 D3Tk $ D GDDH6 CDD D D 0 D X D I3 BDH

. 9: X Y ;" (Merck B ) (AIBN) C " 0 3 05

 -

DX X " = 40 – 50 < b C " 0 3 05 V 0$< X 10 AIBN i H3

D { U< jf$ M 0 jf X 9( b ? 0 X Cb S 3 C)( " ( 50 0

AIBN K D $< D 0 D SD B oZDB D3 0|3 0 j f AIBN U V. .

80
75
70
65
60 58
50
) PVC

40
30
20
(

10
0
100/100 100/200 100/300
( / ) /

.9: X Y ;" i H3

4 (5 !"

t DH (` C 0 X 100) + 0 $ [I y 5I "(2 P 1( S CB

D Y9 ] < b CB 1( 0 "H : 4 1 3Tk 0 X$ 2< 1:1 9+# C 3 -U<

CD4" D D U< 0 Db D D" ( D 200 CB t H 1( SB$ M 09 12 $ V6

oZDB 50 c D 0 "# " 0 ` = :f 0 ( P.V.C) C 0 6K L X

. X $ PVC >? 1 "I 0 " $ )# 0 I " )# 0 R 3 0 . 1$ 30S B

: P.V.C - *8 & $ / 8 -65 7' *# 8–1

DX 0/2 0 (1:1 9+D# D CD 3 - O4 U<) " ( 3000 200 100 Q 3 3 0 C 0 X 100

DY 9 D 12 K D D < b X " = 60 9 ] 1 3Tk X 0/02 AIBN X$ 2<

y D" . D X 1 $ D3 V.D 0 SD B oZB 3 0 X " = 50 0 j f <9 PVC V. .

1 "D D 100g / 200 ml D / C 3 - U< 9+# P P (3 C) ) Cf b

. < 9 PVC 4
...... #. 80 C 0 6 5"

/ C 3 -U<
( X ) X$ 2< ( X ) 1 3Tk ( C) ( X ) PVC $0
( g/ml)
100/100 0/2 0/02 60 58
100/200 0/2 0/02 60 75
100/300 0/2 0/02 60 65

( $ / 8 -65 ) 7' < =8 > # 57 # P.V.C (" – 3 &

: A( B5 C -$ *# 7D B 8–2

D 0 DX 0/02 1 D3Tk $0 100 g / 200 ml = / C 3 -U< 9+# AIBN X$ 2< 1 "I 1 M3

(4C) ) <9 y " 9: J3 X 0/3 3 0/1 $ X$ 2< 9\ 2 0 " 9 ] 60 c

. < 9 P.V.C >? 1 " X$ 2< X 0/ 2$ ;" K f P

( g/ml ) / C 3 -U< ( X ) X$ 2< ( X ) 1 3Tk ( c) ( X ) PVC $0

100/200 0/1 0/02 60 54

100/200 0/2 0/02 60 77

100/200 0/3 0/02 60 68

100

80 77
68
60
) PVC

54
40

20
(

0
0.1 0.2 0.3
( ) "#

A( B5 7D B < =8 > # 57 # P.V.C (" :4

 -

: C -$ *# C & 8–3

0 X 0/02 1 3Tk X 0/2 X $ 2< 100 g / 200 ml = / C 3 -U< 9+# 1" 9] I $<

D= 60 D (5C) ) Cf b y " X " = 700 60 50 ~ "H P

. <9 P.V.C >? 1 " X "

& $ & 57 # PVC (" :1F" G

/ C 3 U< ( X ) X$ 2< ( X ) 1 3Tk (c ) ( X ) PVC $0

(g/ml)

100/200 0/2 0/02 50 48

100/200 0/2 0/02 60 73

100/200 0/2 0/02 70 60

80
73
60 60
48
) PVC

40

20
(

0
50 60 70
($% & '"( )*+$) " $

&< =8 > # 5 7 & -# P.V.C (" :5

: P.V.C F 3 *# 1 " & C - ( " 8–4

0/02 1 D3Tk 60 c D 100 g / 200 ml = D / C 3 -U< 9+# ) I3 P.V.C 1 "I

. D X $ 5 P ) Zb I " )# 0 R 3 0 U H" ( X 0/2 AIBN X$ 2< X

0 i( DB Zb 85 I $ X $ 0 Y < b 20 c " )# 0 \ 1

@D+d D 0 D < 9D +D# " $ )# 0 5 P ) "( 100 6 X 0/ 4 0 b ( ?

...... #. 80 C 0 6 5"

+ ? 0/95 0 b X $ 4$ M <9 4 . X + ? 0 " $ )# 0 O

. X

: P.V.C & 1 C - .8 – 5

D# DX 4 ) U $0 S CB \ 1 . (Schiff) ~ 80 R 3 1

D# DX 4) D 0 D D"H D 6 X 0/ 1 < 0 . t H [# K X10[#

MD V. 0 ~ Mx M t H " "# $0 U V. . : x ([ K X1+[#

M .9: ( < "B "#) 0 U0L) 6 9B ) =C) 3 3 XC . X Y

t D H CD ZD? 3 ) . "H i( B U< < 0 0 " cX S CB $0 $

@D Y SD " D D j ;D ? $ 3 $ [# #0 P sB .9: U<

: Df cD2 D Cf b ? . { X =S 9 :$ 1 . :x

. D UD U< CDb CD Y D 2 S Q 3 3 1 . :x 4 K " %10 ? < 0 0 jf

: + ? = f $ O @+d 0 X 1 $ 3 0 S B V. jfQ S

Mx * Mc * 100
%X=
Mp (107.9 + Mx)

( X 0/15 ) $ : $0 = M C

( X 35/5 ) 3 ==MX

( X 0/1 ) G $< PVC $0 = M P

35.5 * 0.15 * 100

= %37 % X =
0.1(107.9 + 35.5)

I3 P.V.C = 4

C A -. " I #

€ +D#7 C)D D# . 80 D 5 6 KZ) $ ) K 4 4?3

ZD 0 D " )D ["D# $ [DP CD 1D 6 C +3 = %50 $ M >?

NOD GP D QD= D ( M: NO ) 6 $ 9# \ 1 P 0 T " $ )# 0

 -

D 6 1 D3Tk S( 3 Cs (< 0 M P 6$ \ 1 . ;" U< 0

. ;" 3 …0 C)( C 0

UcD= 3 D DM DP D D 6 D 1 (< 6S 1 3Tk $ ;" 9

D\ $ )D (< P 6 )< b $ €6 >? $ "b 9# 0 6 >?

9D P $ D D 6 9\ 2 . ? 0 ? U< 0 0< = i H30 €6

D (CMC) CD# D ? 9\ 2 ? bS 6 9\ 2 J3 79 B fB

"# 0 c6 K f 5 6C P C# 1 CB 0 P C# C ) 3 Q=

" . b: J3 I < X (< 0 K L $ 0 #( 5 6

60 C D D>? 1 "D . D D 9] 0 < b K $< 5 6 I

D4 1 " I( ) AIBN X $ 2< iY S );3 9 1 6 . <9

SD );3 0 X$ D2< D " k GP 9 5 69 G 5: 0 P B " >?

D R " 5 6 = += P 6 Y 9 j d $ 0 ": G 5: I( ) "

. I3 " >? "M +d 0 GP ( DPn )

s b @ 53 (< $ : 9 "( b R 1 3 < X iH U< 0 I"+# J3

D 5D 6 DP 6$ 0 " X +#7 9( b 9+# 1 G 5: K f 0 b %50

. X 0 " $ )# 0 0 " d Q x GP Q= 0 "

D"I y " Bz2O2 # 4 AIBN X$ 2< (0 K $< X$ 2< I 4 1 M3

D 9D D Bz2O2 X$ D2< $ ;"D K f 7 P >? C ) 3 9 09 ;

;"D D P 9\ 2 1 3 < . B [ 7 G 0 1 $ 2< Cb B•3 $ 4" I 0

. X P X$ 2< X 0/ 2 $

D D K DM( O 1 0 "6 9M f t +3 g d 1 $ I j P9 [# ‚<

DP 09 B 0 : KZaM $ P $< (3 # 4 9M f P.V.C (3 06 P

:9 $g >"B KZaM 1 `: 9I= I 6

X D `D = D \ 3Z)D j; 0jf # w$ x T : $ < V = (Batch) " –1

`D = Q+D 5D D0 ) DP $ D DP 0 "#6 7 P ƒ 6 P ( T :)

. 6 P X
...... #. 80 C 0 6 5"

D X D 5 6 v0 D 0 X >H 9 " " 5 6 v0 $ C+Y – 2

D) D) 5 6 B " 8 0G X Cb ) 0 R? $ fb

D ;"D U< $ < 0 120 H $ " X 0 X K f " 9 k

D[ " 9 0 04 X BC 4 w$ x T : 9 1 „: ? 9 k $ ;" 9 .

Dab DP T 1 (0 C ) 3 < NO 0 C) 0 0 1P< P # $ L; CY 2 P T

D>? 0 D " CB 5 : P0 Q+ 5: X B0 = T pH X < I( ?

G 5D: $ D D G 5D: 5 69 G 5: ) =3 9 $T 1 (<

. U "= " CB 60 c $G

")7 D M 6 P 0 GP Z? 3 NaCl Cs S 4 05: –3

.( #. ["# Q H3 Q= S b$ G ;" 9 =3 ) 0< 9

.9: 9 [I 1 3 CL I 0 $ ) R 3 9M f H( C +3 = –4

. Q 4M3 5 6 0 0 X $ " )# 0 #. R? " $ )# 0 K J3 ( ~(

. Q 4M3 5 6 " 9I= $ U< GP K J3 5 iH (U

. X Y ;" M P 06 0 iH 0 9 +s3 G 0 6 9I= $T $(n

0 D": GP D D DW5= D : G D 0 9: 6 : H $: :K J3 9+] 5 6 0 Q 4M3 (

. GP 5 ["# C : "M +d

. « H $: : » Q 4M3 80 9M f 80 1 3 @ Y

$ pH K D J3 D 7 ;" «K ;#: k0 P[ » : S $ ["# pH [ \ 3 –5

. U #? 6 P ( :0 " X B ]^ C

D 5 6G D 0 D 6 " H3 P Cf b ~ GP \ $~ I: M $ ;" – 6

. ;" ) I 20 $ \ 1 .9 0x

$ D : D $ 9D cX $ M P H $: : " 9 +s3 60 c " P–7

P ) G 5: L " Z+Y P. GP 0/12 MPa 0/7 MPa

9 G 5: 5 69 < `+3 0 ": G 5: I( ) C) 39 (60 c $ 3T

PD DP D X D k 0 D": GP ( DPn ) R " 5 6 = += P 6C) 3

 -

O @+d K L CB $ ; ` #3 [2 1 . J3 6 P ( )( =0

. GP #. ["# 6 $

RT
D=
6 rN A

0 D ) $0 3 1 $ 9+# 1 O 0 " / U< 9+# Q "# –8

[DP 9I= 0 9 9+# 1 G 5: K f 0 9: P H J3 " $ [P 9 0R ? " $ )# 0

. H( C +3 = 3 " $ )# 0 G 5: 9 0 ": J3 $

D P.V.C KT D>? D 9D 1 X Y \ ‡ P.V.C KT >? ( )( $0 I ")

0 D 30 ;" ) B = 0 ( )( = X 6 (G < [P) " # " 3 jZ"B 9

D DMY 0 ( D)( $0 D4 0 ;" (K) " ) : $ ( )( $0 $ ;" C

.( P B " 6 ( )( $0 " 7 P09 ( )( $0 $ M K) .

:JG

1- Tager, A, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Mir Publishers, Moscow 1978.

2- Rodrigez, F, Principles of Polymer Systems, 2 nd, Ed, Mc Graw Hill 1983.
3- Norris Shreve, R, Chemical E ngineering Series, Chemical Process Industries Mc Graw Hill
1956.
4-Experimentel Methods in Polymer Chemistry John Wiley and Sons 1980.
5- Schmidt, P. Beschichten mit Kunststoffen. Munchen, Carl Hanser Verlag, 1967.
6- Starnes jr, W. H, Amer. Chem. Soc. Div. Polym. Polym. Prepr. 18 (1977) 493.
7- Mayer, Z, J. Macromol. Sci, Rev. Macromol. Chem. 10 (1974) 2.
...... #. 80 C 0 6 5"