QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS- AMMONIUM CHLORIDE (NH4Cl)

S.No
Experiment Observation Inference
PRELIMINARY TESTS

1 Colour and Appearance

Absence of Copper, Nickel,
Colour of the given salt is noted. Colourless Ferrous, Ferric and
Manganese salts

2 Dry Heating Test

Salt sublimes which gives white
A small amount of the salt is heated fumes with glass rod dipped in
May be Ammonium salt
in a dry test tube. conc.HCl and colourless gas is
evolved
3 Flame Test
A small amount of the salt is made
Absence of calcium, Barium,
into a paste with Conc.HCl in a
No Characteristic flame Strontium, Copper, Lead,
watch glass and introduced into a non-
Zinc and Manganese
luminous flame.
4 Cobalt Nitrate Test
A filter paper is soaked in a mixture
of salt,Conc.Nitric acid and Cobalt Absence of Aluminium, Zinc
No Characteristic colour change
Nitrate solution and ignited in a and Magnesium
flame.
5 Dilute Hydrochloric Acid Test

A small amount of salt is treated with

No Characteristic gas is evolved Absence of Carbonate
Dil. Hydrochloric acid.

6 Concentrated Sulphuric Acid Test

Colourless gas with pungent
A small quantity of the salt is heated smell, that gives dense white
Presence of Chloride
with 2ml of Conc.Sulphuric acid. fume with glass rod dipped in
NH4OH

7 Barium Chloride Test

A small amount of the salt is boiled

with Dil. HCl and few drops of No precipitate is formed Absence of Sulphate
Barium Chloride solution is added.

8 Ammonium Molybdate Test

A small amount of the salt is boiled
with Conc. Nitric acid and excess of
No precipitate is formed Absence of Phosphate
Ammonium Molybdate solution is
added.
 TESTS FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)

PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT

About 1gm of the salt is mixed with 2gm of Sodium Carbonate and 25ml of distilled water. This
mixture is boiled for 10 to 15 minutes and is filtered. The filtare is called Sodium Carbonate Extract.

1 Silver Nitrate Test

The Sodium Carbonate Extract is
White precipitate is formed,
acidified with Dil.Nitric acid and is
which soluble in Ammonium Chloride is confirmed.
boiled, cooled and Silver Nitrate
Hydroxide solution.
solution is added.
2 Manganase Dioxide Test

A small amount of salt is heated with Greenish yellow gas is formed,

Manganese Dioxide and Conc. turns moist starch iodide paper Chloride is confirmed.
Sulphuric acid. blue.

3 Chromyl Chloride Test

A small amount of the salt is heated

with Potassium di Chromate and
Conc. Sulphuric acid.Red vapours
Yellow precipitete is formed. Chloride is confirmed.
are passed in to Sodium Hydroxide
solution then Dil.Acetic acid and
Lead Acetate solution are added.

4 Copper Chips Test

A small amount of the salt is heated

with Conc. Sulphuric acid and added No Characteristic gas evolved Absence of Nitrate
little amount of Copper Chips.

5 Brown Ring Test

Freshly prepared Ferrous Sulphate

solution is added to the Sodium
Carbonate Extract and Conc. No brown ring is formed Absence of Nitrate
Sulphuric acid is added along the
sides of the test tube.

6 Lead Acetate Test

To the Sodium Carbonate Extract,

No white precipitate is obtained Absence of Sulphate
Lead Acetate solution is added.

7 Magnesia Mixture Test

Magnesia mixture is added to the
Sodium Carbonate Extract. Then it is
No white precipitate Absence of Phosphate
boiled, cooled and Ammonium
Hydroxide is added allowed to stand
 TEST FOR BASIC RAICALS (CATIONS)

PREPARATION OF SOLUTION

A small quantity of salt is dissolved in distilled water If it insolube, it is dissolved in Dilute HCl. The
clear solution thus obtained is called original salt solution .

GROUP ANALYSIS

1 To the original solution Dilute HCl is No white precipitate Group I - Lead is absent
added
To the original solution Dilute HCl is
2 added and Hydrogen Sulphide gas is No Black precipitate Group II - Copper is absent
passed.
To the original solution, conc.nitric
acid is added and boiled. Then, 2g of
Group III - Aluminium and
3 Ammonium Chloride is added excess No precipitate formed
Iron are absent
of Ammonium Hydroxide is added to
it.

To the original solution, Ammonium

Group IV - Cobalt, Nickel,
Chloride and Ammonium Hydroxide
4 No precipitate formed Manganese and Zinc are
solutions are added. Then, Hydrogen
absent
Sulphide gas is passed

To the original solution, Ammonium

Chloride, Ammoinum Hydroxde and Group V - Calcium, Barium
5 No precipitate formed
Ammonium Carbonate solutions are and Strontium are absent.
added
To the original solution solid
Ammonium Chloride Ammonium Gorup VI - Mangesium is
6 No precipitate formed
Hydroxide and excess of Ammonium absent
Phosphate solution are added.

ZERO GROUP (AMMONIUM)

The salt is heated with Sodium
1 Hydroxide.Then Nessler's Reagent is Brown precipitate is fromed Ammonium is confirmed
added.
RESULT:
The given Acid Radical is Barium
The given Basic Radical is Chloride
The given Salt is Barium Chloride