PHY 400

PHYSICS FOR NON-MAJORS

CHAPTER 7 (PART 2)
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
Dr. Nurul Izrini Binti Ikhsan
izrinikhsan@gmail.com
OUTLINE

7.1 Definition of Uniform Circular Motion

7.2 Centripetal Acceleration and Force
7.3 Simple Harmonic Motion
•Simple Pendulum
•Stretch or compress spring; Hooke’s Law
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (SHM)
Simple harmonic motion refers to a certain kind of oscillatory, or wave-like motion that describes the
behaviour of many physical phenomena:

• A pendulum
• a bob attached to a spring
• Low amplitude waves in air(sound), water, the ground
• The electromagnetic field of laser light
• Vibration of a plucked guitar string
• The electric current of most AC power supplies
SIMPLE PENDULUM
SPRING MASS SYSTEM
 SIMPLE SYSTEM FOR OSCILLATIONS
Equilibrium Compressed Stretched

F
x
0 0
x F

• To observe how the displacement varies with time.

0

• The block moves back and forth repeatedly to a maximum values of displacement, x called the
amplitude. It can be positive or negative (+x and –x).

• The restoring force is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium given by Hooke’s Law
𝑭 = −𝒌𝒙
We can use Newton’s Second law to describe the motion of the block
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑚𝑎 = −𝑘𝑥
𝒌𝒙
𝒂=−
𝒎
𝑑2 𝑥
Substitute 𝑎 = in the equation
𝑑𝑡 2

𝑑2 𝑥 𝑘𝑥
𝑎= 2 = −
𝑑𝑡 𝑚
Therefore, 𝒂 = −𝝎𝟐 𝒙
𝟐 𝒌
Where 𝜔 is the angular frequency and 𝝎 =
𝒎
KINEMATIC OF SHM

An object is said to move with simple harmonic motion when its acceleration is
proportional to its position and oppositely directed to the displacement from
equilibrium position, 0.

 SHM is defined as the periodic motion without loss of energy.

In which the acceleration of a body is directly proportional to its displacement from the equilibrium
position (fixed point) and is directed towards the equilibrium position but in opposite direction of
the displacement.
 SHM is that motion in which a body moves back and forth over a fixed path, returning to each
position and velocity after a definite interval of time.
 SHM is that back and forth motion that is caused by a force that is directly proportional to the
displacement. The displacement centers around an equilibrium position.
KINEMATIC OF SHM
GRAPH OF DISPLACEMENT FOR SHM
1. Graph of 𝒙 𝒕 = 𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒕

x (m)

+A

1 2
Amplitude @
max displacement T/2 t (s)
T
3 4

Period
-A
2. Graph of 𝒙 𝒕 = 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝒕

x (m)

+A

4
1 T/2
Amplitude @
max displacement t (s)
T
2 3

Period
-A
EXAMPLE 1

Given a SHM 𝑥 = 10 sin 20𝜋𝑡, where x in meter and t in second.

Calculate the following values.
a) Frequency
b) Period
c) Angular Frequency
d) Maximum displacement
e) Maximum velocity
f) Maximum acceleration
g) Displacement at t= 10 s
EXAMPLE 2

x (m)

+5

t (s)
4

-5
Based on the graph above, calculate the following
values .
a) Frequency
b) Period
c) Angular Frequency
d) Maximum displacement
e) Write the SHM equation of the graph
END OF CHAPTER 7
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