Training →

➢ →

TASK ANALYSIS
➢
Task Analysis
→

➢
Purpose

➢
➢

➢
➢

Determining Training Needs

Need Analysis ➢

Purpose

ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS PERSON ANALYSIS

Organizational Analysis Person Analysis

➢
➢
→
→
➢
→
➢
 Performance Appraisal Score ➢

→
→
➢

→
→ ➢

Surveys →
→

→
→
Choosing the Best Training Method
➢
Interview

➢
→
→

Skills & Knowledge Tests

LECTURES
→ Skill Test Lectures

→ Knowledge Test

Critical Incidents ➢

Establishing Goals & Objectives →

➢ →

➢ →
 CASE STUDIES ROLE-PLAY

Case Study Role-Play

➢
➢ Advantage

➢ ➢

→ Living Case
BEHAVIOR MODELING

Behavior Modeling
→ Disadvantage

➢
➢

[1] It begins with a discussion of a problem, why it occurred, and

the employee behaviors necessary to correct the problem.
These behaviors are called learning points and are essentially
rules to follow in solving a problem.
[2] Trainees view videos of employees correctly and incorrectly
solving the problem. The trainees take notes during the video
SIMULATION EXERCISES and are given an opportunity to ask questions.
[3] After viewing the video, trainees mentally rehearse the
Simulation
solution to the problem in the way that the employee solved
it on the video.
[4] Employees role-play (behaviorally rehearse) situations and
➢ Advantage receive feedback on their performances. Employees are also
given the opportunity to play the role of the “other” person
so that they will gain the same insight they would have by
➢
role-play training.
[5] Employees then discuss ways to apply their new skills on the
job. By this procedure, employees will already have had
experience dealing with the problem in the proper way when
➢ they encounter the same situation on the job.
➢

➢
➢ Issues
→

→
Motivating Employees to Attend
Training
Videos
➢

→
➢

Colleges and Universities

Delivering the Training Program

Where will the training be held?

CONDUCTING CLASSROOM TRAINING

→ Advantage of training on-site
Initial Decisions

Who will conduct the training? → Advantage of training off-site

In-House Trainers

How long should the training be?

External Trainers →
 → Distributed Learning →

distance learning.
→ Massed Learning
➢

Preparing for Classroom Training (Adjusting for the Asynchronous Technologies

Audience)

→
→

Delivering the Training Program

Introducing the trainer and the training session Interactive Video

→
→

Programmed Instruction

Using icebreakers and energizers

→ Goal

→ Length
Synchronous Distance Learning

→ Audience →

Webinar
Delivering the presentation

CONDUCTING TRAINING THROUGH DISTANCE LEARNING

Webcast
➢
 Teleconference →

→ Characteristics of the Observer

interactive, online communities of
learning.
→
→

Blog

Wiki
Job Rotation

Listserv
→

CONDUCTING ON-THE-JOB TRAINING

→ →
On-the-Job Training (OJT) →
→ Cross-Training

→ Advantage of Job Rotation:

Apprenticeship
Modelling

→
→

Characteristics of the Model

Coaching
→
→ → Mentor

Experience Employees as Coaches →

→
→

Performance Appraisal

“Train-the-Trainer” Programs

Reward

→ Pass-Through Programs

Professional Coaches

Mentoring
 Motivating Employees to Learn FEEDBACK

During Training Feedback

PROVIDING INCENTIVES FOR LEARNING

→
Positive Feedback

Negative Feedback

Ensuring Transfer of Training

Transfer of Training
→

→
Skill-Based Pay

Use realistic training programs

→ →
Vertical Skill Plan

Horizontal Skill Plan

Have opportunities to practice work-related behavior
Depth Skill Plan during the training

Basic Skill Plan

→

INTEREST
Overlearning
➢

→
➢

Provide employees with the opportunity to apply their

training
 RESEARCH DESIGNS FOR EVALUATION
→

Practical Research

→ →

Pretest

→ Advantage
Posttest

→
→

→ →
→
Ensure management is supportive of the training

→ →

Have employees set goals

→

→
Experimental Research

→
Evaluating Training Design
➢

→ →
→ →

→ Advantage
 → Drawbacks: Content Validity

Employee Reaction to the Training

→ → =
→
Employee Learning
Solomon Four-Groups Design
→ E.g., If a training program is designed to increase
employee knowledge of communication
techniques, then creating a test to determine
whether an employee actually learned is possible.
→
→

→ →
→ → Application of Training
→ →
→ →

→
→

→ →

→
→
→
Return on Investment (ROI)

EVALUATION CRITERIA →

➢
→