Q1

Russell put ground-up coffee beans in a coffee maker and added hot water.

He pushed the plunger down.

This separated the coffee drink from the ground-up coffee beans.

(a) How could Russell see that some coffee had dissolved in the water?

......................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) The end of the plunger is a circle of wire mesh.

(i) Which mesh would be best to separate the coffee drink from all the
ground-up coffee beans? Write the letter.

.......................
(1)

Page 1 of 33
 (ii) This method of making coffee uses a type of filter.
The apparatus used for filtration in a school laboratory is drawn below.

Which part of the apparatus above works in the same way as the wire
mesh? Write the letter.

.......................
(1)

(c) Russell wanted to separate the water from the coffee drink.
He set up the apparatus shown below.

(i) Why did Russell put ice cubes around the glass tube?

.............................................................................................................
(1)

Page 2 of 33
(ii) Choose words from the box below to fill the gaps in the following
sentences.

an acid a gas a liquid a solid

condensation crystallisation evaporation filtration

Russell heats the water. Water in the drink changes from

............................................ into ............................................ .

This change of state is called ............................................ .

Water vapour changes into liquid. This change of state is called

............................................ .
(4)
maximum 8 marks

Page 3 of 33
Q2

Michelle added some universal indicator solution to four liquids.

Michelle uses the pH chart to fill in her table of results.

pH chart

pH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

colour red orange green blue purple

(a) The table below shows some of Michelle’s results.

Complete Michelle’s table of results below.

Use the pH chart to help you.

colour of universal
liquid pH
indicator solution

milk green

rain water 5

hydrochloric acid red

bleach 11

(2)

(b) Explain why using acids can be dangerous.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(1)

Page 4 of 33
(c) Michelle measured the pH of some milk stored at room temperature for five
days.

The graph of Michelle’s results is shown below.

One of the axes has been labelled.

(1)

(i) Write the axis label for the graph at X.

(ii) Use the graph. How does the pH of the milk change over the five days?

...............................................................................................................
(1)
maximum 5 marks

Page 5 of 33
Q3

A rocket was fired above a seaside town to call out the lifeboat crew. The rocket
exploded, giving out light and sound at the same time.

(a) Lisa was outside the town. She saw the flash of the rocket exploding and
heard the bang.

(i) Which sentence is true?

Tick the correct box.

She heard the bang first.

She saw the flash first.

She heard the bang and saw the flash at the same time.

(1)

(ii) Give the reason for your answer.

.................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) Some people were nearer to the rocket than Lisa. How did the sound seem
to them?

Tick the correct box.

It was quieter.

It was louder.

It was higher pitched.

It was lower pitched.

(1)

Maximum 3 marks

Page 6 of 33
Q4

A castle is a long way from the nearest town. Batteries power

the car park ticket machine.
Solar cells are used to keep the batteries charged.

(a) Complete the following sentences by choosing the

correct words from the box.
Each word may be used once or not at all.

chemical electrical heat

light sound

(i) The energy input to the solar cells is ................................................ energy.

(1)

(ii) The useful energy output from the solar cells is ........................................
energy.

(1)

(b) For every 500 J of energy absorbed by the solar cells, 75 J of energy are
transferred to the batteries.

Use the following equation to calculate the efficiency of the solar cells. Show
clearly how you work out your answer.

useful energy tra nsferred by device

Efficiency =
total energy supplied to device

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

Efficiency = ……………………………

(2)
Maximum 4 marks

Page 7 of 33
Q5

David made two electromagnets as shown below. He used paper-clips to test the
strength of each electromagnet. He switched on the power supply in both
circuits.

coil iron core coil steel core

power supply power supply

on on

(a) How can you tell that the strength of both electromagnets is the same?

.................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) David switched off the power supply in both coil iron core coil steel core

circuits.
The paper-clips fell off the iron core, but not
power supply power supply
off the steel core. off off

Why is iron used, rather than steel, for the core of an electromagnet?
Use the diagrams above to help you.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
(1)

Page 8 of 33
(c) David used a sensor to measure the strength of an electromagnet.

He placed the sensor 25 mm from the electromagnet and increased the

current in the coil.

He repeated the experiment with the sensor 50 mm from the electromagnet.

The graph below shows his results.

25 mm from
electromagnet

reading on
the sensor

50 mm from
electromagnet

current (amps)

(i) How did the distance of the sensor from the electromagnet affect the
reading on the sensor?

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) How did the size of the current in the coil affect the strength of the
electromagnet?

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii) What else could David do to an electromagnet to change its strength?

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................
(1)

Maximum 5 marks

Page 9 of 33
Q6

Susan has a small fan to keep herself cool. When she switches it on, a motor turns the
blades to blow air.

blade

switch

(a) The diagrams below show the symbols for a battery, a motor and a switch.

battery motor switch

In the space below, draw a series circuit diagram for the fan using these
symbols.

(1)

(b) (i) Which part provides energy for the circuit?

.........................................................

(1)

Page 10 of 33
 (ii) Some of this energy is used to turn the blades.
The rest of the energy is wasted.

Complete the sentence below. Choose words from the list.

chemical heat light sound

When the blades are turning, energy is wasted as

....................................... energy and ....................................... energy.

(1)

(c) Susan built a circuit using a battery, a motor and a switch.

She closed the switch to turn the motor on.

(i) Susan added a bulb to the circuit.

The current in the circuit decreased.

How did this affect the motor?

................................................................................................................

(1)

(ii) Susan removed the motor from the circuit.

The current in the circuit increased.

How did this affect the bulb?

.......................................................................................................................

(1)

maximum 6 marks

Page 11 of 33
Q7

Lorna built the circuit drawn below. All the bulbs are identical.

(a) Complete the table below by writing on or off for each bulb.

switch bulb

S1 S2 A B C D

open open
off off off off

open closed

closed open

closed closed

(3)

maximum 3 marks

Page 12 of 33
Q8

The drawings show some woodland and some farmland. Both have a river flowing
through.

(a) (i) There is a wider variety of wildlife in the woodland than in the
farmland.

Give one reason why.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

(1)

(ii) Farmers remove woodland to provide space for growing crops.

Give two other reasons why humans remove woodland.

Do not include the uses of wood in your answers.

1 ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

(2)

Page 13 of 33
(b) Many farmers spray chemicals on their fields.

Draw a ring around the correct word to complete each sentence.

fertilisers

(i) To make crops grow larger, farmers use herbicides .

pesticides

(1)

fertilisers

(ii) To kill insects that feed on the crop, farmers herbicides .

use
pesticides

(1)

(iii) There is a wider variety of wildlife in the river flowing through the
woodland than in the river flowing through the farmland.

Give one reason why.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

(1)

Page 14 of 33
(c) The population of the UK has increased over the last two hundred years.
This increase in population has resulted in damage to the environment.

Apart from farming methods, give two ways in which humans damage the
environment.

1 ..................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

2 ..................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

(2)

maximum 8 marks

Page 15 of 33
Q9

The drawings show the amounts of different substances in 100 g of full-cream milk
and 100 g of skimmed milk.

(a) Use the information in the drawings to complete the sentence.

When skimmed milk is made from full-cream milk, most of the

............................................ is taken out.

(1)

(b) (i) Look at the drawings.

Which substance in milk do we need for strong bones and teeth?

..........................................................
(1)

(ii) How are substances carried around the body?

................................................................................................................
(1)

Page 16 of 33
(c) (i) Which animals produce milk to feed their young?
Tick the correct box.

amphibians birds

mammals reptiles
(1)

(ii) A baby fed on its mother’s milk gets fewer infections.

What is the reason for this?
Tick the correct box.

The milk contains antibodies.

The milk contains water.

The milk is at body temperature.

The milk is a liquid.

(1)
maximum 5 marks

Page 17 of 33
Q10

The bar chart below shows how the number of cigarettes smoked is linked to the
percentage of deaths from heart disease in the total male population.

(a) Use the information in the bar chart to write two conclusions about the
relationship between smoking and the number of male deaths from heart
disease.

1. ....................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

2. ....................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Smoking can cause fat to be deposited in the arteries to the heart muscle.

Explain how this could prevent the heart muscle from working properly.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
(3)

Page 18 of 33
(c) The drawing below shows part of the lining of the airway leading into the
lungs.

(i) Describe how mucus and cilia help to keep the airway free of dust and
bacteria.

mucus ...................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

cilia .......................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) Cigarette smoke contains tar.

What effect does tar have on the cilia?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(1)
maximum 8 marks

Page 19 of 33
Q11

People in different countries eat different amounts of starch.

A scientist compared the amount of starch that people ate with the number of
people
with cancer of the large intestine.

The scatter graph below shows her results.

Look at the scatter graph.

(a) (i) Which country had the greatest proportion of people with cancer of
the large intestine?

.............................................................
(1)

(ii) What conclusion could you come to about the effect of eating starch
on getting cancer of the large intestine?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
(1)

Page 20 of 33
(b) (i) Starch is a carbohydrate.

Which two of the following foods are good sources of starch?

Tick the two correct boxes.

bread cheese

chicken tomatoes

fish pasta
(2)

(ii) What other type of nutrient, needed as part of a balanced diet, keeps
the
intestine working well and prevents constipation?
Tick the correct box.

fat fibre minerals protein vitamins

(1)
maximum 5 marks

Page 21 of 33
Mark schemes

Q1.

(a) any one from

• the colour had changed

• the water was brown or darker or grey

accept ‘the colour’

do not accept ‘the coffee disappeared’

1 (L3)

(b) (i) • D
1 (L3)

(ii) • P

accept ‘the filter paper’

‘the filter’ is insufficient

accept ‘the paper’

1 (L3)

(c) (i) any one from

• to cool the water vapour

accept ‘to cool the steam or gas’

• to condense the water vapour

accept ‘to condense the steam or gas’

• change gas or vapour back to water

accept ‘to cool it or the glass tube’

do not accept references to liquid coffee condensing

1 (L3)

(ii) • from a liquid into a gas

2 (L4)

Page 22 of 33
 • evaporation
1 (L4)

• condensation
1 (L4)

award one mark for each correct word in the correct

place

[8]

Q2.

(a) • 7

• orange

• an answer in the range 1–3 accept ‘1–3’

• purple

for all four rows correct, award two marks

for any two or three rows correct, award one mark
answers must be in the correct column and row in the
table
2 (L3)

(b) any one from

• they are corrosive

• they burn or irritate

accept ‘they can damage your skin or eyes’

‘‘in case it touches your skin’ is insufficient

it is harmful or poisonous’ is insufficient
‘it can kill you’ is insufficient
‘wear gloves’ is insufficient
do not accept ‘it is flammable’
1 (L4)

(c) (i) • time, in days

accept ‘time’

Page 23 of 33
 accept ‘days’
do not accept ‘hours’ or ‘minutes’
1 (L4)

(ii) it goes down or decreases

accept ‘it becomes acidic’

‘it goes red’ is insufficient

accept ‘it goes from 6.5 to 2.5’

accept ‘the acid gets stronger’
‘it goes sour’ is insufficient

if the label for X is incorrect in part (ci),

do not penalise again in part (cii)
1 (L4)

[5]

1. (a)(i) She saw the flash first.  if more than one box is ticked 1
award no mark

(ii) any one from 1

light travels faster than sound

accept ‘the flash travelled faster than

the bang’

sound travels more slowly than light

accept ‘the bang travelled more slowly

than the flash’
do not accept ‘the flash or light travels
very fast’
do not accept ‘sound takes time to
travel’

Page 24 of 33
 (b) It was louder.  if more than one box is ticked, 1
award no mark

2. (a) (i) Light (do not accept solar) 1

(ii) Electrical 1

(b) 75 / 500 1

= 0.15 J (accept 15%) 1

[4]

3. (a) • both picked up the same number or four paper-clips 1 (L5)

accept ‘they both picked up the same

number’

accept ‘same amount of paper-clips’

accept ‘there were 5 out of 9 paper-

clips left for both’

accept ‘the same mass of paper-clips’

‘they hold the same clips’ is insufficient

(b) any one

from
1
(L6)

• it does not stay magnetised

• it can be turned off

accept ‘you cannot turn steel off’

• objects do not stay attached to it

• iron loses its magnetism

Page 25 of 33
 • steel stays magnetised

(c) (i) any one from 1 (L6)

• the greater the distance the lower the reading

• the further away the smaller the reading

accept the converse

accept ‘at big distance the field is

weaker’ or the converse

accept ‘at 50 mm the reading is lower’

accept the converse

do not accept ‘the bigger the distance

the smaller the amps or current’

(ii) • the greater the current the stronger the electromagnet 1 (L6)

Page 26 of 33
 (iii) any one from 1 (L6)

• change the number of turns

• change the thickness of the wire

• change the diameter of the core

accept ‘use more coils’

accept ‘use fewer or less coils’

accept ‘put the coils closer together’

or the converse

accept ‘change the metal of the coils’

accept ‘use a different sized core’

accept ‘use nickel or cobalt core’

accept ‘use a different core’

‘use bigger coils’ is insufficient

‘use more wire’ is insufficient

do not accept ‘add more batteries’

[5]

4. (a)• 1 (L4)

accept a battery drawn as ‘

or
’

all three symbols must be connected in

series

all three symbols must be drawn

correctly

Page 27 of 33
 do not accept a switch drawn as

do not accept a battery drawn as

do not accept a motor drawn as

M

(b) (i) • the battery or cell(s) 1 (L4)

accept ‘batteries’

(ii) • heat 1 (L4)

• sound 1 (L4)

accept ‘thermal’

answers may be in either order

(c) (i) • it turned more slowly 1 (L4)

accept ‘not as much energy’

accept ‘it was less powerful’

accept ‘it does not work as well’

accept ‘it would stop’ or ‘it would not

go round’

‘it heats up’ is insufficient

(ii) • it was brighter 1 (L4)

accept ‘blew it’ or ‘it went out’

accept ‘it became hotter’ or ‘it heated

up’

[6]

Page 28 of 33
5. (a) 3 (L6)

A B C D

off off off off

off off off off

on on off off

on on on on

award a mark for each correct row

Q1.

(a) (i) (more) habitats / (greater) variety of habitats / range of food

allow (more) places / trees for homes or different

places to live

allow no pesticides /herbicides / chemicals sprayed

allow more food

allow safer / can hide

allow effects of machinery

1

(ii) any two from:

• building /houses / factories / etc

ignore timber / uses of wood

• roads

• quarrying

• waste dumps / landfill

• grazing
2

(b) (i) fertilisers

1

Page 29 of 33
 (ii) pesticides
1

(iii) pesticide / herbicide / chemicals / sprays

allow river (through farmland) polluted

allow correct effect of fertilisers on river organisms
1

(c) any two from

• pollution / named pollutant / combustion / cars

• dumping waste / litter

allow ‘not recycling’

• raw materials used up or reference to quarries / mines

• chopping down trees

• building / houses / etc

• global warming
2

[8]

Q3.

(a) • fat

accept ‘cream’
1 (L3)

(b) (i) • calcium

1 (L4)

(ii) any one from

• in the blood

• in blood vessels

Page 30 of 33
 accept ‘plasma’
accept a named blood vessel
accept ‘arteries’ or ‘veins’ or ‘capillaries’
or ‘circulatory system’
accept ‘blood cells’ or ‘red cells’
accept ‘the heart pumps blood’

‘pumped by the heart’ is insufficient

1 (L4)

(c) (i) • mammals

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

1 (L4)

(ii) • The milk contains antibodies.

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

1 (L4)

[5]

Q5.

(a) one conclusion should relate to the number of cigarettes and

the other to the effect of age

• the more cigarettes smoked, the greater the number or percentage that
die

accept ‘smoking 5 cigarettes a day is

less harmful than smoking 20’

statements that do not make a generalisation, such as

‘nearly 1% of men aged 55 – 64 who smoke 20
cigarettes
a day will die of heart disease’ are insufficient
1 (L7)

• the risk increases with age or is greater in older men

Page 31 of 33
 accept statements such as ‘20 cigarettes a day is
worse when you are 45 – 64 than under 45’
accept the converse
1 (L7)

(b) any three from

• it causes a blood clot

• the arteries become narrower or blocked or less or

no blood to heart (muscle)

accept ‘fat clogs the arteries’

• less or no oxygen to the heart (muscle)

• less or no food or glucose or nutrients

or minerals to the heart (muscle)

accept, for one mark, ‘the heart muscle needs oxygen

or glucose to work properly’ even though it does
not include a comparison

‘the heart muscle cannot work properly’ is insufficient

as it is given in the question

• less or no carbon dioxide or waste removed

• may cause a heart attack

accept ‘it may raise the blood pressure’

• cells cannot respire (properly)

3 (L7)

(c) (i) • mucus traps bacteria or dust or particles

‘cell produces mucus’ is insufficient

1 (L7)

• cilia move the mucus (towards the throat)

accept ‘cilia remove bacteria or dust or particles’

1 (L7)

Page 32 of 33
 (ii) • it paralyses them or they stop moving

accept ‘it clogs the cilia’

accept ‘they stick together’

do not accept ‘it kills or burns cilia’

‘damages or removes cilia’ is insufficient
1 (L7)

[8]

Q7.

(a) (i) United States

accept ‘US’ or ‘USA’

accept ‘America’
accept lower case letters for ‘US’
1 (L5)

(ii) the less starch eaten, the more people get cancer

accept the converse

do not accept ‘people with cancer eat less starch’

accept ‘starch helps to prevent cancer’

accept ‘you should eat a lot of starch’
‘eat starch’ is insufficient
1 (L5)

(b) (i) • bread

• pasta

if more than two boxes are ticked,

deduct one mark for each incorrect tick
minimum mark zero
1 (L6)

(ii) fibre

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

1 (L6)

[5]

Page 33 of 33