M s.

Ruby Tic o na
 M s. Ruby Tic o na

Re d uc e d t im e c la use s:
Before / Af ter / while/ until / when
FULL
Tim e clause + sub ject + b ase ver b + C
E.g Af ter I f inish my workout , I had dinner.
REDUCED
Tim e clause + Ger und + C
E.g Af ter f inishing my workout, I had dinner
 M s. Ruby Tic o na

Re d uc e d t im e c la use s:
Before / Af ter / while/ until / when
FULL
Tim e clause + sub ject + b ase ver b + C
E.g WhileI take my lunch break at work, I have a 5
min. nap.
REDUCED
Tim e clause + Ger und + C
E.g Whiletaking my lunch break at work, I have a 5
min. nap.
 M s. Ruby Tic o na

Reduced time clauses: A S

• De le t e " a s"
• Re m ov e t he sub je c t
• Cha ng e t he v e r b t o t he g e r und f o r m

Examples:
As I was falling asleep, I thought about my friends in Italy.
->Falling asleep, I thought about my friends in Italy.
As she was driving to work, she saw a deer in the road.
->Driving to work, she saw a deer in the road.
 M s. Ruby Tic o na

Reduced time clauses: A S = WHI LE

• Cha ng e “ a s” f o r WHI LE
Examples:
I got a lot of ideas as I listened to a podcast.
I got a lot of ideas whilelistening to a podcast.
 M s. Ruby Tic o na

Reduced time clauses: WHEN= UPON / ON

• Cha ng e “ w he n” f o r “ UPON / ON” o nly if t he

p hr a se ha p p e ne d in t he PA ST.

Examples:
Whenthey heard the joke, they laughed a lot.
Upon / on hearing the joke, they laughed a lot.