DermEsthetic Skincare Training Program

PROPOSAL: 15.10.2023
Table of Contents
DermEsthetic Skincare Training Program ................................................................................................ 1
PROPOSAL: 15.10.2023 ........................................................................................................................... 1
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 4
Welcome and Purpose of the DermEsthetic Training Manual ........................................................ 4
Overview of DermEsthetic .............................................................................................................. 4
Importance of Skincare Knowledge in the Beauty Industry............................................................ 4
2. Brand Overview ............................................................................................................................... 4
Brand History and Philosophy ......................................................................................................... 4
Brand Mission and Values ............................................................................................................... 4
Key Differentiators .......................................................................................................................... 5
3. Product Knowledge ......................................................................................................................... 5
Introduction to DermEsthetics' Product Ranges: Core, Professional, Edge .................................... 5
Detailed Overview of Each Range ................................................................................................... 5
Key Ingredients and Their Benefits ................................................................................................. 7
Common Skincare Concerns and How Each Range Addresses Them ............................................. 7
4. Skin Science Fundamentals ............................................................................................................. 7
Understanding the Skin: Anatomy and Physiology ......................................................................... 7
Common Skin Types and Conditions ............................................................................................. 10
Factors Affecting Skin Health ........................................................................................................ 11
5. Client Consultation ........................................................................................................................ 12
6. Different Acids of Chemical Peels.................................................................................................. 17
Layering of Peels: .......................................................................................................................... 18
Client Comfort and Communication: ............................................................................................ 24
Timer and Monitoring: .................................................................................................................. 24
Adjusting the Peel: ........................................................................................................................ 24
Soothing Measures: ...................................................................................................................... 24
Repositioning: ............................................................................................................................... 24
Monitoring for Adverse Reactions: ............................................................................................... 24
Emergency Preparedness:............................................................................................................. 25
Stay Present: ................................................................................................................................. 25
Client's Reaction Assessment: ....................................................................................................... 25
PostTreatment Application:........................................................................................................... 25
Skin Protection: ............................................................................................................................. 25
PostTreatment Comfort: ............................................................................................................... 25
Follow Up Instructions: ................................................................................................................. 25
 Documentation: ............................................................................................................................ 25
Handson Demonstrations ................................................................................................................. 26
Instructions to prepare for a Chemical P ...................................................................................... 26
eel:................................................................................................................................................. 26
Practical procedure for Chemical Peels ......................................................................................... 26
Complications of Chemical Peels .................................................................................................. 27
What to expect after a Light Chemical Peel? ................................................................................ 28
What to expect after a Medium Chemical Peel? .......................................................................... 28
Combining Peels ............................................................................................................................ 29
Chemical peels for Melasma in DarkSkinned Patients Fitzpatrick IV to VI.................................... 29
Peels to use safely on Darker Skins: .............................................................................................. 29
Strength Chart ............................................................................................................................... 30
Depth of Chemical Peel ................................................................................................................. 30
PostTreatment Care and Recommendations .................................................................................... 30
8. Product Usage Guidelines ............................................................................................................. 35
Correct Product Application .......................................................................................................... 35
Dos and Don'ts .............................................................................................................................. 35
Safety Precautions......................................................................................................................... 35
10. Quality Assurance ....................................................................................................................... 35
Ensuring Product Quality .............................................................................................................. 35
Compliance with Hygiene and Safety Standards........................................................................... 35
Handling Client Concerns and Feedback ....................................................................................... 35
11. Sustainability and Ethics.............................................................................................................. 35
12. Assessment and Certification ...................................................................................................... 36
13. Resources and References .......................................................................................................... 37
14. Glossary of Terms ........................................................................................................................ 37
1. Introduction

Welcome and Purpose of the DermEsthetic Training Manual

Welcome to the DermEsthetic’s Skincare Training Program! This comprehensive manual is
designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills needed to excel in the beauty industry,
particularly in the realm of skincare. Whether you are a novice or an experienced professional,
this training program will enhance your understanding of skincare fundamentals,
DermEsthetic’s product ranges, and advanced techniques.

Overview of DermEsthetic
DermEsthetic’s is a renowned brand in the beauty industry, committed to providing top quality
skincare products that address various skin concerns. This training program will help you
understand the brand's history, philosophy, mission, and values.

Importance of Skincare Knowledge in the Beauty Industry

Skincare knowledge is the foundation of beauty therapy. Clients seek experts who can provide
effective solutions for their skin concerns. This training program will empower you to offer
personalized skincare solutions and excel in your career.

2. Brand Overview

Brand History and Philosophy

Learn about the origins of DermEsthetic’s, its founders, and the principles that guide the
brand. Understanding its history will give you insights into its commitment to excellence.

Brand Mission and Values

Discover DermEsthetics' mission statement and core values, which emphasize integrity,
innovation, and client satisfaction.
Key Differentiators
Explore what sets DermEsthetics apart from competitors in the market, including its
commitment to quality, cuttingedge ingredients, and comprehensive product ranges.

3. Product Knowledge

Introduction to DermEsthetics' Product Ranges: Core, Professional, Edge

Detailed Overview of Each Range

The Core Range:

Bridging Minimalism, Botanical Expertise, and Innovation. The Core Range represents a
collection of skincare products aimed at material enhancement, leveraging the power of
minimalistic yet potent ingredients, primarily focused on highperformance botanical actives.
Under the DermEsthetic umbrella, this range seeks to establish equilibrium, safeguard, and
normalize material properties while fortifying the barrier function through the strategic
application of plant actives and peptides. All these components are rigorously tested and
scientifically validated to reinvigorate a material's innate healing and protective abilities,
bolster its capacity for regeneration, and elevate its overall quality and texture. Notably, these
active ingredients maintain a delicate, nonintrusive profile while delivering highly efficacious
results. This selection serves as an ideal pathway to transition from conventional material
treatments to a professionalgrade material enhancement regimen.
BotanicalBased Material Upgrades: Embracing a botanical approach to material enhancement,
our Core Range promises an amalgamation of natural benefits firmly grounded in scientific
research. These enhancements nourish and elevate the material's overall condition,
introducing a unique dimension to the world of material upgrades.

The Edge Range:

Pushing Boundaries with Advanced Dermaceuticals Introducing The Edge Range by

DermEsthetic, the epitome of cuttingedge material enhancement in the form of advanced
Dermaceutical solutions. Edge harnesses the pinnacle of scientific expertise to fortify and
amplify the innate rejuvenating capabilities of materials.
Revolutionary Formulations: This groundbreaking line merges cuttingedge ingredients into
powerhouse formulations meticulously designed to stimulate three core principles: RESTORE,
 Protect, Prevent. The Edge Range is engineered to elevate material properties, ushering in a
new era of rejuvenation and protection.
Pioneering Technology Meets Natural Respect: While we leverage the latest technologies and
scientific breakthroughs to craft our formulations, we remain steadfast in our commitment to
the environment. The Edge Range adheres to our core philosophy of offering a clean product
range, free from harmful additives and chemicals—our way of showing utmost respect for
nature.
With The Edge Range, DermEsthetic pushes the boundaries of material enhancement, leading
the charge in advanced Dermaceutical solutions that empower materials to reach their full
potential.

The Professional Range:

Restoring, Protecting, and Preventing for Optimal Material Enhancement DermEsthetic is

proud to present The Professional Range, a selection of advanced treatments designed to
enhance material properties. Our range primarily focuses on skin resurfacing through a series
of expertly crafted peels, ensuring that these transformative procedures are administered
safely and effectively by skilled Skin Care Professionals. These peels are engineered to provide
remarkable results while requiring minimal to no downtime, offering both visible
improvements and heightened client satisfaction. Moreover, they seamlessly integrate with
other advanced aesthetic treatments such as Collagen Induction Therapy and Dermaplaning,
maximizing their impact. To complement these transformative peels, a comprehensive facial
range is available, ensuring that the highest quality results are achieved during each treatment
session.
DermEsthetic Peels: Targeting Material Imperfections Within the DermEsthetic Peels
collection, our specialized treatments target a wide spectrum of material imperfections,
including:
1. Wrinkles & Fine Lines
2. Sun Damage
3. Acne Scars
4. Hyperpigmentation
5. Scars
6. Melasma
7. Uneven Skin Tone
Key Ingredients and Their Benefits

Common Skincare Concerns and How Each Range Addresses Them

4. Skin Science Fundamentals

Understanding the Skin: Anatomy and Physiology

The skin, the body's largest organ, serves as a vital protective barrier separating our internal organs
from the external environment. It is a complex and dynamic structure with multiple layers, each with
distinct functions. For many individuals, the health and appearance of their skin are of paramount
importance. This has led to the development of various skincare treatments, among which chemical
peels stand out.

Histology of the Skin:

Understanding the histology of the skin, or the study of tissue structure, is fundamental to
comprehend how chemical peels function and influence the skin's healing process.

The skin is composed of three primary layers:

1. Epidermis: The outermost layer, the epidermis, is primarily responsible for protection. Most
visible skin concerns, such as acne and hyperpigmentation, originate in this layer. The
epidermis consists of several sublayers, with the stratum corneum as the top layer,
comprised of dead skin cells. Chemical peels target the epidermis by exfoliating these cells.

2. Dermis: Directly beneath the epidermis lies the dermis, which houses collagen, elastin, blood
vessels, and hair follicles. It provides structural support and elasticity to the skin. Deeper
chemical peels can penetrate the dermis, stimulating collagen production and leading to a
more profound rejuvenating effect.

3. Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Tissue): The deepest layer, the hypodermis, contains fat cells
and functions as insulation and cushioning for the body.

Chemical Peel Procedure:

Chemical peels operate by applying a chemical solution to the skin's surface. The solution's strength
can vary, with superficial peels primarily targeting the epidermis, while deeper peels can reach the
dermis. The choice of peel depends on the specific skin concern and the desired outcome.

During a chemical peel procedure, the chemical solution initiates a controlled injury to the skin. This
prompts the body's natural healing response, leading to increased collagen production and skin
renewal. Superficial peels primarily exfoliate the stratum corneum, while medium and deep peels
can affect deeper layers, resulting in more dramatic results. The postpeel healing process is a critical
phase in achieving the desired outcome.
Influences on the Healing Process:

Several factors influence the healing process following a chemical peel:

1. Depth of Peel: The depth of the peel significantly impacts the duration of the healing
process. Superficial peels often require minimal downtime, whereas deeper peels may
involve more significant peeling and redness that can last for several weeks.

2. Skin Type: Individual skin type and sensitivity play a crucial role in the healing process.
Individuals with fair, less sensitive skin may experience a milder response compared to those
with darker or more sensitive skin.

3. PostTreatment Care: Proper posttreatment care is vital for ensuring a successful healing
process. This includes keeping the skin clean, moisturized, and protected from the sun.

4. Collagen Stimulation: Deeper peels stimulate collagen production, which continues over
time. The results may become more apparent as the skin heals and regenerates, further
enhancing the skin's appearance during the healing process.
The Wound Healing Process

Wound healing is an essential process that occurs following a chemical peel. Chemical peels are a
controlled skin injury, and understanding the wound healing process associated with them is
crucial for professionals and clients.

The stages of wound healing in the context of chemical peels:

1. Inflammatory Phase:
The initial stage of wound healing begins immediately after a chemical peel. The chemical
solution causes controlled damage to the skin's outermost layer (epidermis).
Inflammation occurs as the body's natural response to injury. Blood vessels in the treated area
dilate, and white blood cells migrate to the site to remove damaged tissue and foreign
substances.
This phase may result in redness, swelling, and a sensation of heat at the treated area. It usually
lasts for a few hours to a few days after the peel.

2. Proliferative Phase:
In this phase, which overlaps with the inflammatory phase, the skin starts the repair process.
The body begins producing collagen, which is essential for skin's structural support and firmness.
New skin cells are generated to replace the damaged ones, helping to rebuild the epidermal
and dermal layers.
The skin may appear tight, and a mild peeling or flaking can begin as new skin layers form
beneath the damaged ones.
3. Remodeling Phase:
The remodeling phase can last for several weeks to months, depending on the depth of the
chemical peel.
Collagen production continues, contributing to skin firmness and elasticity. The skin's texture
and appearance improve over time.
Any remaining redness and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (dark spots) gradually fade.

Common Skin Types and Conditions

Skin Types:
1. Normal Skin: Normal skin is wellbalanced, not too oily or dry. It has a smooth texture,
small pores, and is generally free of blemishes.
2. Oily Skin: Oily skin is characterized by excess sebum (oil) production. It often appears
shiny, has enlarged pores, and is prone to acne and blackheads.
3. Dry Skin: Dry skin lacks moisture and can feel tight, rough, or flaky. It may be sensitive
and is more susceptible to fine lines and wrinkles.
4. Combination Skin: Combination skin exhibits characteristics of multiple skin types. For
example, someone may have an oily Tzone (forehead, nose, and chin) and dry or normal
skin on the cheeks.
5. Sensitive Skin: Sensitive skin is prone to irritation, redness, and allergic reactions. It can
be triggered by various factors, including skincare products, weather, or allergens.
6. Mature Skin: Mature skin shows signs of aging, including wrinkles, sagging, and age
spots. It requires antiaging products and increased moisture.

Common Skin Conditions:

1. Acne: Acne is a skin condition characterized by clogged pores, pimples, whiteheads,

blackheads, and sometimes cysts. It can range from mild to severe.
2. Eczema (Dermatitis): Eczema is an inflammatory skin condition that leads to red, itchy,
and inflamed patches. It's often a result of allergies or genetics.
3. Psoriasis: Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition that causes skin cells to build up rapidly,
resulting in thick, silvery scales and itchy, dry patches.
4. Rosacea: Rosacea causes redness and visible blood vessels on the face. It may also lead to
pimplelike bumps and thickened skin on the nose.
 5. Hyperpigmentation: Hyperpigmentation results in dark spots or patches on the skin due
to excess melanin production. It can be caused by sun exposure, hormonal changes, or
injury.
6. Hypopigmentation: Hypopigmentation is the loss of skin color, resulting in white patches.
It can be congenital or caused by conditions like vitiligo.
7. Melasma: Melasma causes brown or Gray brown patches on the face, often related to
hormonal changes, such as pregnancy or birth control.
8. Fungal Infections: Skin can develop fungal infections like ringworm, athlete's foot, or
candidiasis, which result in itching, redness, and rashes.
9. Urticaria (Hives): Hives are itchy welts on the skin that can appear due to allergies, stress,
or other triggers. They often resolve within hours to days.
10. Keratosis Pilaris: This common condition causes small, hard bumps on the skin, often on
the arms, thighs, or buttocks.
11. Skin Cancer: Skin cancer includes conditions like melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and
squamous cell carcinoma, characterized by abnormal growths or changes in moles or skin.

Factors Affecting Skin Health

Internal Factors:

1. Genetics: Genetic factors play a significant role in determining skin type, texture, and
susceptibility to certain skin conditions.
2. Age: Aging is a natural process that affects skin health. It leads to changes in skin
structure and appearance, such as wrinkles and reduced elasticity.
3. Diet: Internal factors like nutrition and diet influence skin health. A well balanced diet rich
in essential nutrients supports healthy skin.
4. Hydration: Proper internal hydration is essential for skin health. Dehydration can result in
dry, flaky skin, affecting its overall condition.
5. Hormones: Hormonal fluctuations, including those during puberty, pregnancy, and
menopause, can impact skin health. Hormones can influence oil production and skin
texture.
6. Stress: Chronic stress can have an internal impact on skin health, leading to issues such as
acne, eczema, and psoriasis.
7. Sleep and Rest: Adequate internal factors such as sleep and rest are crucial for skin repair
and regeneration. Lack of sleep can result in undereye circles and a dull complexion.
External Factors:

1. Sun Exposure: Exposure to UV radiation from the sun is a major external factor in skin
aging and skin cancer. Sunburn, hyperpigmentation, and skin damage can result from
excessive sun exposure.
2. Smoking and Alcohol Consumption: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are
external factors that negatively impact skin health. Smoking reduces blood flow to the
skin, leading to premature aging, while alcohol can dehydrate the skin.
3. Skincare Products: The external use of skincare products is vital for skin health. Proper
cleansing, moisturizing, and sun protection are essential external components of a
skincare routine.
4. Environmental Factors: External environmental factors like pollution and harsh weather
conditions can affect skin health. Pollution can lead to skin damage and premature aging,
while extreme cold or dry climates can cause dryness and irritation.
5. Allergens and Irritants: Exposure to external allergens and skin irritants can trigger
conditions like contact dermatitis. Identifying and avoiding these substances is crucial for
skin health.
6. Skin Products and Treatments: The use of external skincare products and treatments can
influence skin health. Some products may cause irritation, while others can improve skin
texture and appearance.

5. Client Consultation

Client Consultation:
Begin by having a conversation with the client to gather essential information. Ask about
their skin concerns, medical history, current skincare routine, and lifestyle factors that may
impact their skin, such as diet, exercise, and stress levels.

Observe the Client's Skin:

Examine the client's skin without any products applied. Look for visible signs of skin conditions,
such as acne, redness, dryness, or hyperpigmentation. Note any areas of concern, like the Tzone,
cheeks, or neck.
Skin Type Classification:
Determine Skin Type: Assess the client's skin type, which may be normal, dry, oily, combination,
or sensitive. Consider factors like oiliness, dryness, or sensitivity.
Check for Sensitivity: Determine if the skin is sensitive and inquire about any known allergies or
sensitivities to specific ingredients.

Skin Condition Assessment:

Identify Skin Conditions: Identify specific skin conditions, such as acne, rosacea, sun damage, or
pigmentation issues.
Note Severity: Assess the severity of these conditions and whether they are localized or
widespread.

Skin Texture and Pore Size:

Examine the skin's texture and pore size. Look for irregularities, roughness, enlarged pores, or fine
lines.

Skin Elasticity and Hydration:

Assess Elasticity: Test skin elasticity by gently pinching and releasing the skin on the back of the
hand or forearm.
Evaluate Hydration: Observe the skin for signs of dehydration, such as flakiness, tightness, or
rough patches.

Sun Damage and Pigmentation:

Check for signs of sun damage, including sunspots, freckles, or uneven skin tone.
Evaluate the presence of pigmentation issues like melasma or postinflammatory
hyperpigmentation.

Wrinkles and Fine Lines:

Inspect the presence and depth of wrinkles and fine lines, particularly around the eyes, forehead,
and mouth.

Skin Allergies and Sensitivities:

Inquire about any known skin allergies or sensitivities, especially to common skincare ingredients
like fragrances, preservatives, or specific acids.
Medical History and Medications:
Ask about any medical conditions or medications that could impact the skin, such as hormonal
disorders or prescription medications.

Skin Goals and Concerns:

Discuss the client's skincare goals and concerns in detail. This includes what they want to achieve,
whether it's improved hydration, reduced redness, or clearer skin.

Photographic Documentation:
Consider taking clear, well lit photographs of the client's skin from different angles. These photos
serve as a baseline for tracking progress over time.

Client Education:
Share your findings with the client, explaining their skin type, specific conditions, and any
potential triggers. Provide education on the importance of a proper skincare routine and
treatment options.

Recommendations:
Based on your assessment, suggest suitable skincare products and treatments that address the
client's concerns and skin type.

Customized Skincare Plan:

Develop a personalized skincare plan that includes product recommendations, treatments, and a
daily skincare routine.

Documentation:
Maintain detailed records of the assessment, including photos, findings, and the recommended
plan. This documentation can help track progress and make adjustments as needed.

Informed Consent:
If the client chooses to proceed with treatments or specific products, obtain their informed
consent, ensuring they understand the potential benefits and risks.
6. Different Acids of Chemical Peels

Specification Benefits Skin Type Skin Condition

An alpha hydroxy acid Effective exfoliation. Normal to oily Fine lines, uneven
(AHA) derived from Improves skin texture. skin. texture, and mild
sugarcane. Reduces fine lines and hyperpigmentation.
Glycolic Acid

wrinkles.
Helps with acne and
acne scars.
Enhances overall skin
radiance.

Another AHA, Gently exfoliates and Normal to Dryness, uneven skin

derived from milk. hydrates. sensitive skin. tone, and mild signs
Suitable for sensitive of aging.
skin.
Lactic Acid

Reduces
hyperpigmentation and
age spots.
Enhances skin's natural
moisture content.

A beta hydroxy acid Ideal for oily and Oily and Acne, blackheads,
(BHA) sourced from acneprone skin. acneprone whiteheads, and
willow bark. Penetrates oilfilled skin. enlarged pores.
Salicylic Acid

pores.
Exfoliates inside hair
follicles.
Reduces acne,
blackheads, and
whiteheads.

An AHA derived from Suitable for sensitive Sensitive skin, Fine lines, mild acne,
bitter almonds. and darker skin tones. including and
Mandelic Acid

Addresses fine lines darker skin hyperpigmentation.

and wrinkles. tones.
Fights acne and
inflammation.
Reduces
hyperpigmentation.

A mediumdepth peel Addresses moderate All skin types, Moderate sun

(Trichloroacetic Acid)

that provides skin imperfections. but especially damage, fine lines,

controlled exfoliation. Improves sun damage. those with fair and uneven skin
Reduces fine lines and to medium tone.
TCA

uneven skin tone. skin.

Requires a longer
recovery period.
 A combination of Mediumdepth peel for All skin types, Acne, sun damage,
Jessners Solution lactic acid, salicylic a more significant skin but primarily and moderate
acid, and resorcinol. transformation. fair to hyperpigmentation.
Addresses multiple medium skin.
concerns like acne, sun
damage, and fine lines.
Requires a longer
recovery period.

A deep peel with Provides the most Fair skin. Deep wrinkles,
phenol as the active significant severe sun damage,
ingredient. improvement in skin and significant
texture and tone. scarring. Typically
Reduces severe sun administered by a
Phenol

damage, deep wrinkles, physician.

and scars.
Requires a lengthy
recovery period and is
typically performed by
a physician.

A naturally occurring Reduces skin redness. Normal to Rosacea, acne, and

acid found in grains. Treats rosacea. sensitive skin. mild
Azelaic Acid

Addresses mild to hyperpigmentation.

moderate acne.
Fades
hyperpigmentation.

An AHA derived from Exfoliates and brightens Normal to oily Mild signs of aging
citrus fruits. the skin. skin. and uneven skin
Citric Acid

Reduces fine lines and tone.

signs of aging.
Promotes a more even
skin tone.

Derived from fungi, Effective in reducing Normal to Hyperpigmentation,

particularly in the hyperpigmentation. sensitive skin. melasma, and
Kojic Acid

sake brewing process. Inhibits melanin sunspots.

production.
Used to address
melasma and sunspots.

Layering of Peels:
First Layer:
The first layer is the initial application of the chemical peel solution. The type and
concentration of the peel solution are chosen based on the client's skin type and specific
concerns.
 The solution is evenly applied to the skin's surface and left on for a predetermined amount of
time, typically ranging from a few minutes to several minutes.
The duration of the first layer may vary, with shorter durations for clients who are new to peels
or have more sensitive skin.
Assessment:
After the first layer, the skincare professional assesses the client's skin response, looking for
signs of redness, irritation, and the desired level of exfoliation.
The assessment helps determine whether additional layers are needed and if any adjustments
are required.
Additional Layers:
If the client's skin can tolerate it and the treatment goal requires deeper exfoliation, additional
layers of the peel solution can be applied.
The skincare professional may choose to apply a second, third, or even more layers of the peel,
each for a specific duration, depending on the client's needs.

Benefits of Layering Chemical Peels:

Customized Intensity:
Layering allows professionals to tailor the treatment to the individual's skin type, concerns,
and tolerance. It enables a customized approach to address different issues, such as fine lines,
pigmentation, or acne.

Progressive Exfoliation:
Layering can provide a more controlled and gradual exfoliation process, minimizing the risk of
excessive downtime and adverse reactions. This approach can be especially beneficial for
individuals who are new to chemical peels.
Enhanced Results:
By gradually increasing the peel's strength and the number of layers, skincare professionals
can achieve more significant results over time. It can be particularly effective for clients
seeking to address stubborn skin concerns.

Reduced Downtime:
While stronger peels may deliver enhanced results, they can also lead to more downtime.
Layering allows professionals to achieve deeper exfoliation with shorter individual application
times, reducing overall downtime.
Targeted Treatment:
Different layers can target various skin concerns. For example, a superficial layer can improve
texture and brightness, while a deeper layer can address pigmentation or scarring.

Better Control:
Skincare professionals have greater control over the exfoliation process, ensuring that they
achieve the desired level of exfoliation while minimizing the risk of adverse reactions.

Minimized Risk:
Layering enables the use of lower concentrations of peel solutions in each layer, reducing the
risk of severe adverse effects while still achieving the desired results.

Symptoms of an Allergic Reaction:

Redness:
Redness, which is common after a chemical peel, may be more intense and prolonged in an
allergic reaction.
Swelling:
Excessive swelling of the treated area, beyond what is expected in a normal reaction to a peel.
Hives:
Raised, itchy, and red welts (hives) on the skin.
Itching:
Persistent and severe itching in the treated area.
Burning or Stinging Sensation:
An intense burning or stinging sensation that doesn't subside with time.
Blistering:
Formation of blisters on the skin, which can lead to pain and discomfort.
Skin Peeling:
Excessive and abnormal skin peeling that extends beyond the expected recovery period.
Rash:
Development of a rash on the treated area or other parts of the body.
Difficulty Breathing:
In rare cases, an allergic reaction can lead to difficulty breathing, which is a severe and
lifethreatening symptom.
Solutions for Allergic Reactions to Peels:
Stop the Treatment:
Discontinue the use of any chemical peel or skincare product causing the reaction.
Rinse with Cool Water:
Gently rinse the affected area with cool water to remove any remaining peel solution. Avoid
using hot water, as it can exacerbate the reaction.
Apply a Cold Compress:
Apply a cold, damp cloth or compress to the affected area to reduce redness, swelling, and
discomfort.
Topical Steroids:
If the reaction is mild, overthecounter hydrocortisone cream may help relieve itching and
redness. Follow the product instructions and consult a healthcare professional if necessary.
Oral Antihistamines:
Overthecounter oral antihistamines, such as Benadryl (diphenhydramine), may help alleviate
itching and hives. Follow the recommended dosage.
Consult a Healthcare Professional:
If the reaction is severe or if there are symptoms of difficulty breathing, seek immediate
medical attention. Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) require prompt medical intervention.
Avoid Sun Exposure:
After an allergic reaction, it's important to avoid sun exposure to prevent further skin irritation
and damage. Apply broadspectrum sunscreen if you need to go outside.
Consult a Dermatologist:
If you suspect an allergic reaction, consult a dermatologist or skincare professional to assess
the situation, determine the cause of the reaction, and receive guidance on future skincare
treatments.

Medications:
Antihistamines:
Have overthecounter antihistamines (such as Benadryl) available in the treatment room. These
can help alleviate itching, hives, and mild allergic reactions. Ensure that clients are not allergic
to the specific antihistamine before administering.
Topical Steroids:
Keep hydrocortisone cream or ointment on hand. It can help reduce redness and inflammation
in the event of a mild allergic reaction. Follow product instructions and ensure that it's suitable
for the client's skin type.
Epinephrine AutoInjector:
For professionals who are trained to administer epinephrine and in the event of a severe
allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), having an epinephrine autoinjector on hand can be lifesaving.
Ensure that you are certified and authorized to use it, and that the client is aware of your
capability.

Immediate Actions:
Stop the Treatment:
Discontinue the chemical peel application immediately to prevent further exposure.
Cold Compress:
Apply a cold, damp cloth or compress to the affected area to reduce swelling and discomfort.
Provide Comfort:
Ensure the client is comfortable and reassured. Offer a calm and supportive environment.
Call for Help:
If the allergic reaction is severe or the client experiences difficulty breathing, or the local
emergency services immediately.
Position for Breathing:
If the client experiences difficulty breathing, have them sit upright to aid their breathing.
Oxygen:
If available, administer oxygen to the client while awaiting medical assistance, especially in
cases of severe allergic reactions.
Document the Reaction:
Make detailed notes on the reaction, including the products used, the client's medical history,
and any medications administered.
Follow Up:
After the reaction has been addressed, ensure the client receives appropriate followup care
and instructions. They should be referred to a healthcare professional for further evaluation
and guidance.
1. Assess the Severity:
Examine the client's skin to gauge the extent of the peeling and any other concerning
symptoms, such as excessive redness or discomfort.
2. Discontinue Products:
If the client is using any postpeel products, immediately discontinue their use to prevent
further irritation. This includes cleansers, moisturizers, and any treatment products.
3. Rinse the Skin:
Gently rinse the client's skin with cool, clean water to remove any residual peel solution or
postpeel products.
4. Apply a Soothing Mask:
A gentle, hydrating, or soothing mask may help calm the skin. Leave it on for the
recommended time or as directed by the manufacturer.
5. Provide Topical Relief:
Apply an overthecounter hydrocortisone cream to the affected areas, following the product's
instructions for use. This can help reduce inflammation and itching.
6. Maintain Hydration:
Recommend the client apply a plain, hydrating moisturizer to the skin. Avoid products
containing active ingredients or fragrances.
7. Encourage Rest and Hydration:
Instruct the client to rest and drink plenty of water to stay wellhydrated. Adequate hydration
helps support the skin's healing process.
8. Avoid Sun Exposure:
Advise the client to avoid direct sun exposure and apply a broadspectrum sunscreen with high
SPF to protect the newly exposed skin. Overexposure to the sun can worsen skin irritation and
lead to increased sensitivity.
9. Follow Up:
Schedule a followup appointment with the client to assess their skin's progress and address
any remaining concerns.
10. Consult a Dermatologist:
If the excessive peeling and skin irritation persist or worsen, recommend that the client consult
a dermatologist for further evaluation and guidance.
11. Review Future Treatments:
Discuss with the client the potential causes of the excessive reaction. It may be necessary to
adjust the type of peel, its concentration, or the treatment protocol in the future.
12. Document and Report:
Maintain detailed records of the client's reaction, the products used, and the steps taken to
address the issue. This documentation can help guide future treatments and ensure client
safety.

Client Comfort and Communication:

Maintain open and ongoing communication with the client throughout the procedure.
Encourage them to communicate any discomfort or concerns promptly.

Timer and Monitoring:

Use a timer to precisely track the duration of the peel application. Continuously monitor the
client's skin and comfort level during this time.

Adjusting the Peel:

Based on the client's feedback and skin response, be prepared to make adjustments to the
peel procedure, such as reducing the duration or neutralizing the peel if necessary.

Soothing Measures:
If the client experiences excessive discomfort, provide immediate relief by applying a soothing
mask or cold compress to alleviate any burning or stinging sensations.

Repositioning:
Ensure the client is in a comfortable and relaxed position during the procedure. Consider
offering pillows or blankets to enhance their comfort.

Monitoring for Adverse Reactions:

Be vigilant for signs of adverse reactions, such as excessive redness, swelling, or hives. If any
concerning symptoms arise, take appropriate action to address them.
Emergency Preparedness:
Have an emergency kit in the treatment room, including first aid supplies, contact information
for emergency services, and any necessary medical equipment (e.g., epinephrine
autoinjector).

Stay Present:
Do not leave the client unattended during the peel application. Your presence is vital to
address any issues promptly and ensure their safety.

Client's Reaction Assessment:

Assess the client's reaction to the peel solution, as well as their skin's response during the
neutralization and post peel steps.

PostTreatment Application:
Apply posttreatment products as needed, following the specific protocol for the type of peel
performed.

Skin Protection:
Apply sunscreen with a high SPF to the treated areas to protect the client's skin from UV
damage. Ensure that the client understands the importance of continued sun protection
posttreatment.

PostTreatment Comfort:
Ensure the client is comfortable and relaxed as they prepare to leave the treatment room.

Follow Up Instructions:
Provide clear, written posttreatment care instructions and any recommended follow up
appointments to the client.

Documentation:
Maintain detailed records of the treatment, including the type of peel, the client's skin
response, any adjustments made during the procedure, and any actions taken to address
adverse reactions or concerns.
Handson Demonstrations

Instructions to prepare for a Chemical P

eel:

• Avoid tanning and direct sun for 2 weeks prior to treatment.

• Apply topical products as instructed to prepare skin barrier before treatment.

• Don’t use retinoids one to two weeks before.

• Don’t have any exfoliation done before hand.

• Peel areas must be free from open sores, lesions, or skin infections.

Practical procedure for Chemical Peels

1. A suitable chemical peel is chosen as per requirement.

2. Client must be educated about the process and a signed consent must be obtained
from the client undergoing the peel.
3. Delicate areas that need protection should have petroleum jelly applied to it.
4. Can recommend antiinflammatory agents such as aspirin or other nonsteroidal
antiinflammatory drugs, to alleviate swelling and discomfort during the process.
5. Cleanse skin with cleanser.
6. Apply PrePeel Treatment serum.
7. Apply beginning with the forehead and finishing with the chin.
8. Feather the peeling agent into the hair line and the shadow of the mandible.
9. The acid should not form pools in the facial folds, nor drip from the face.
10. The number of coats varies depending on the depth of peel desired.
11. Primary Peel Solution: 1ml Luminescence.
12. Leave on for 10min max as you will apply a secondary peel solution.
13. Apply Neutralizer by spraying into your hand and then pressing onto client’s face.
14. Rinse with clean water.
15. Apply Secondary Peel Solution: Beta Peel or Glycolic 45% or Lactic 45%
16. Leave max 23 min.
 17. The peel frost or facial whitening indicates the depth of the damage and acts as an
indicator to stop the peeling procedure.
18. Apply Neutralizer by spraying into your hand and then pressing onto client’s face.
19. Rinse with clean water, neutralize again if necessary.
20. Follow with serum, moisturizer, and Sun Defence SPF 50.
21. Make sure clients are on the correct homecare and have after peel protocols to
ensure healthy recovery without sideeffects.

Complications of Chemical Peels

Chemical peels are a popular cosmetic procedure for rejuvenating the skin, but it's important
to be aware of potential complications that can occur. While chemical peels are generally safe
when performed by skilled professionals, there are some risks to consider.
Complications may include postpeel erythema (redness), peeling, or even more severe
reactions in some cases. The extent of these complications can vary depending on factors like
the type of peel used, the individual's skin type, and the depth of the peel.
Postpeel erythema, or redness, is a common side effect and usually subsides within a few days
to a week. Mild peeling and flaking are also typical as the skin regenerates. However, in some
cases, individuals may experience excessive peeling, which can be uncomfortable.
It's important for skincare professionals to inform clients about possible complications, provide
appropriate posttreatment care instructions, and be prepared to manage any unexpected
reactions. The key is to ensure that the client is wellinformed and reassured throughout the
process and to have a plan in place for addressing complications promptly.
In some instances, clients may experience an allergic reaction to the chemicals used in the
peel. Allergic reactions can manifest with symptoms such as itching, hives, or swelling.
Skincare professionals should have necessary precautions in place, including antihistamines
and other allergy management solutions, and should never leave the client unattended during
the treatment.
While complications can occur, they are relatively rare, and with proper care and attention,
they can often be managed effectively. Skincare professionals play a crucial role in minimizing
the risks associated with chemical peels and ensuring that clients have a safe and satisfactory
experience.
Complications that can arise from medium and deep chemical peels may include:
• Prolonged Erythema: Prolonged redness of the skin, which is a common side effect after
deeper peels.
 • Pigmentary Changes: Alterations in skin pigmentation, which may involve darkening or
lightening of the skin.
• Millia (Whiteheads): The formation of small, white, raised bumps on the skin.
• Possible Infections: In rare cases, chemical peels can lead to skin infections, which should
be treated promptly.
• Scarring: Deeper peels may carry a higher risk of scarring, which can result from improper
healing.
• Skin Atrophy: The thinning of the skin, which can make it more fragile and prone to
damage.
• Allergic Reactions: Allergic reactions to the acids used in peels are a possibility. A patch
test before the treatment can help identify potential allergies. If an allergic reaction
occurs, MYLOCORT, a cortisone cream, can be recommended to manage symptoms.
Additionally, some clients may experience ACNEFORM Eruptions, which can manifest as
tender erythematous follicular papules. These eruptions are relatively rare and typically
respond well to antibiotic therapy commonly used to treat regular acne.
In cases where complications do occur, the use of LED light therapy with red light can be
beneficial. LED light therapy is known for its potential to aid in the healing process and
reduce inflammation.

What to expect after a Light Chemical Peel?

• Sunburnlike reaction after your peel, meaning you will see redness followed by flaking
that lasts 37 days.
• Apply aftercare products as directed to assist in healing and hydration.
• Sunscreen SPF50 daily
• Makeup can be applied straight after but try to be makeup free for 24hrs.
• Additional peels every 2 to 5 weeks
• Typically, a course of 4 to 6 treatments needed.

What to expect after a Medium Chemical Peel?

• Redness, swelling, stinging, and flaking of the skin.

• Swelling may last and /or worsen for 48 hours.
 • Blisters can develop and will break open.
• Skin will crust and peel off over 7 to 14 days.
• Following skincare advise diligently. Use a barrier repair product.
• No sun exposure and wear your SPF 50
• Makeup after 57 days
• Medium depth peels may be repeated at 6 to 12 months intervals, if needed, to maintain
results

Combining Peels

These peels are quite active and to avoid chemical burns or reactions, combining peels are
very specific, firstly your base peel or in this case Primary Peel will be Luminescence (This peel
is the mildest with the lowest pH, thus will always be applied first. A secondary peel which will
be one of the following: Beta Peel, Glycolic 45% or Lactic 45% will be applied secondly and only
for 23 minutes!!!

Chemical peels for Melasma in DarkSkinned Patients Fitzpatrick IV to VI

The choice of peeling agent is relatively limited, there is a need for priming agents (in other
words client needs to be on a Derma cosmeceutical skincare range before the peel, at least 4 –
6 weeks)
Prepping with prehome care regimen before a peel is an absolute must for skin of colour.
Gradually and gently preparing the skin will give it time to adjust and avoid post peel
complications. It can be a simple as having a gentle wash with a low percentage AHA and a
good SPF 50.
A compromised barrier will have severe complications from chemical burns to hyper
pigmentation.
Superficial peels are the best options for dark skin.

Peels to use safely on Darker Skins:

1. Glycolic acid
2. Salicylic acid
3. Lactic acid
4. Mandelic acid
5. Jessner Peels
Strength Chart

Age Defence 14% each Lactic, Salicylic, Resorcinol pH 1,5 3

Blemish Defence 20% Salicylic, 10% Mandelic pH 1,5 2
Beta Peel 20% Salicylic, 10% Lactic pH 3,5
Glycolic 45% Glycolic pH 3
Lactic 45% Lactic pH 3,5
Luminesence 30% Mandelic pH 3,7

REMEMBER the strength of a peel is a combination of its % and the pH!!!!

Depth of Chemical Peel

PostTreatment Care and Recommendations

Understand the critical steps to follow after skincare treatments to ensure clients' comfort and
optimal results.
An "ocular peel" typically refers to a chemical peel or skincare treatment specifically designed
for the area around the eyes, including the eyelids and undereye areas. This area is highly
delicate and sensitive, making it prone to signs of aging, such as fine lines, wrinkles, puffiness,
and dark circles. Ocular peels aim to address these concerns and improve the overall
appearance of the eye area.
Here are some key points about ocular peels:

Purpose:
Ocular peels are designed to target specific eye area concerns, such as reducing the
appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, minimizing puffiness, and brightening dark circles.
These treatments aim to rejuvenate and refresh the skin around the eyes.

Ingredients:
Ocular peels typically use milder and eyesafe chemical peel solutions that are specifically
formulated for the sensitive skin around the eyes. Ingredients like glycolic acid, lactic acid,
or other gentle acids may be used.

Professional Application:
Ocular peels are typically administered by trained skincare professionals, as the eye area is
highly sensitive and requires precise and careful application.

Safety Measures:
During the application of an ocular peel, protective measures are taken to shield the eyes
themselves, ensuring that the chemical peel solution does not come into contact with the
eyes.

PostTreatment Care:
Clients are often provided with specific posttreatment care instructions for the eye area,
which may include the application of eye creams or serums designed to enhance the
results and protect the skin.

Reduced Downtime:
Ocular peels are typically milder than fullface peels, which can result in shorter downtime
and less risk of adverse reactions.

Multiple Sessions:
To achieve the best results, clients may need multiple sessions of ocular peels, spaced out
over time.
 It's important to consult with a qualified skincare professional to determine whether an ocular
peel is appropriate for your specific concerns and skin type. The delicate nature of the eye area
requires special attention and expertise to ensure safety and optimal results.

Underarms or the intimate area (commonly referred to as a "vagacial"), it's important to use
milder and carefully selected ingredients to minimize the risk of irritation. These areas are
more sensitive and prone to irritation, so it's crucial to choose products and chemicals that are
wellsuited for such delicate skin. Here are some considerations:
Underarms:
The underarms can be prone to issues like ingrown hairs, dark spots, and irritation. Milder
chemical exfoliants are often used to address these concerns.
Ingredients such as lactic acid or mandelic acid are typically gentler and suitable for the
underarm area.
Ensure that the peel solution is properly formulated for sensitive skin. Patch testing is crucial.
Vagacial (Intimate Area):
The "vagacial" is a treatment focused on the intimate area to address concerns like ingrown
hairs, dark spots, and overall skin texture.
Extremely gentle and safe ingredients should be used. Avoid harsh chemical peels in this area.
AHA ingredients like lactic acid or mandelic acid may be considered, as they are milder and
less likely to cause irritation.
It's important to use products that are specifically formulated for intimate use to ensure safety.

Safety Precautions:
For both the underarms and intimate area, practitioners should take extra precautions to
shield the eyes, mucous membranes, and delicate tissues during the treatment.
For sensitive areas like the underarms and intimate area (vagacial), it's essential to use milder
and carefully selected acids to minimize the risk of irritation or adverse reactions. Here are
some of the most suitable acids for these sensitive areas:

Lactic Acid:
Lactic acid is a gentle alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is welltolerated by most skin types,
including sensitive skin. It is known for its moisturizing and exfoliating properties. Lactic acid
can help with issues like hyperpigmentation, ingrown hairs, and texture irregularities in the
underarm and intimate areas.
Mandelic Acid:
Mandelic acid is another AHA that is milder and less irritating than some other AHAs. It is
suitable for sensitive skin and can be used to address concerns like dark spots, uneven skin
tone, and mild exfoliation in sensitive areas.

Azelaic Acid:
Azelaic acid is known for its antiinflammatory and antiacne properties. It can be used in the
underarm area to address issues like acne or folliculitis.

Kojic Acid:
Kojic acid is often used to treat hyperpigmentation and dark spots. It is considered relatively
gentle and can be suitable for sensitive areas, such as the underarms.

Salicylic Acid (BHA):

While salicylic acid is generally considered stronger, it can be used in lower concentrations for
certain concerns in the underarm area, such as addressing ingrown hairs and clogged pores.

Glycolic Acid:
Glycolic acid is more potent and can be more irritating, so it should be used cautiously and in
lower concentrations in sensitive areas.

PreCare Instructions:
Consultation and Patch Test:
Schedule a consultation with your skincare professional to discuss your skin concerns and
goals.
A patch test may be performed at least 2448 hours before the treatment to assess your skin's
sensitivity and ensure safety.
Skin Preparation:
In the week leading up to the treatment, avoid using any retinoids, strong exfoliants, or harsh
skincare products.
Discontinue the use of any depilatory products on the area being treated at least one week
before the peel.
Avoid Sun Exposure:
Minimize sun exposure and use broadspectrum sunscreen with a high SPF to protect your skin.
Follow Recommendations:
Follow any specific precare instructions provided by your DermEsthetics skincare professional.

Aftercare Instructions:
Immediate PostTreatment Care:
After the chemical peel, your skincare professional will apply a soothing postpeel mask or
cream to alleviate any potential discomfort.
Avoid touching or picking at the treated area.
Sun Protection:
Strictly adhere to sun protection. Apply sunscreen with high SPF every morning, even if you're
indoors, and continue to do so for several weeks posttreatment.
Avoid Irritants:
Avoid using any products with strong active ingredients, including retinoids and alpha hydroxy
acids, for a specified period posttreatment.
Hydration and Moisturization:
Keep your skin wellhydrated by applying a gentle, nonirritating moisturizer as needed.
Gentle Cleansing:
Use a mild, nonabrasive cleanser to wash your face or the treated area. Avoid harsh or
scrubbing cleansers.
Pigmentation and Redness Care:
If you experience redness or pigmentation posttreatment, consult with your skincare
professional. They may recommend products or treatments specifically designed for postpeel
care.
No Makeup:
Refrain from using makeup on the treated area for the first few days posttreatment, or as
recommended by your skincare professional.
FollowUp Appointments:
Attend any scheduled followup appointments to assess your skin's progress and address any
concerns or questions.
Moisturizing Products:
Incorporate soothing and moisturizing products into your skincare routine. Your skincare
professional can recommend specific DermEsthetic’s products to enhance your results.
Patience and Compliance:
Understand that results may take time to become apparent. It's essential to be patient and
consistently follow the recommended aftercare routine.

8. Product Usage Guidelines

Correct Product Application

Ensure that you are using DermEsthetic’s products correctly to maximize their effectiveness
and minimize potential side effects.

Dos and Don'ts

Learn the best practices for skincare application and maintenance, as well as what to avoid
preventing adverse reactions.

Safety Precautions
Understand the importance of maintaining a clean and safe treatment environment, including
hygiene practices and sterilization procedures.

10. Quality Assurance

Ensuring Product Quality

Compliance with Hygiene and Safety Standards

Handling Client Concerns and Feedback

11. Sustainability and Ethics

DermEsthetic is a collection of professional skincare products designed with a strong focus on

sciencebacked formulations, delivering safe and effective solutions for improving skin health.
Our products are not only resultsdriven but also affordable, making quality skincare accessible
to all.
 Primary Advantages:
• Backed by Science: We prioritize research and evidencebased formulations to ensure the
effectiveness and safety of our products.
• Affordable: We believe that everyone deserves access to highquality skincare, which is
why we offer affordability without compromising on quality.
• ResultsDriven: Our products are formulated to produce visible and longlasting results,
addressing a wide range of skincare concerns.
• Simplistic: We value simplicity and ease of use in our products to make skincare routines
straightforward and effective.
• SLS Free: Our products do not contain Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS), a common skin
irritant.
• Paraben Free: We avoid the use of parabens, preservatives that some people prefer to
avoid in their skincare products.
• CrueltyFree: We do not conduct animal testing, ensuring our products are crueltyfree.
• 100% Vegan: Our commitment to ethical practices extends to offering products that are
entirely vegan, avoiding animalderived ingredients.
• pH Balanced: Our products maintain a balanced pH level, supporting the natural state of
the skin.

Our values align with a responsible and ecofriendly approach, contributing to a more
sustainable and ethical beauty industry. We are dedicated to enhancing the health and beauty
of your skin while promoting affordability, inclusivity, and responsible skincare practices.

12. Assessment and Certification

As part of our training program, both theoretical and practical assessments are integral
components, serving as a means of evaluating and ensuring a thorough understanding of our
processes and procedures. Successful completion of this training results in certification and
acknowledgment of your proficiency in practicing safe procedures. These assessments are
designed to measure your knowledge and ability to carry out our skincare protocols while
prioritizing safety and best practices. This comprehensive approach ensures that you are
wellprepared to meet our standards and deliver highquality skincare services.
13. Resources and References

1. Aesthetic Medicine: Art and Techniques by Peter M. Prendergast and Melvin A. Shiffman
2. Chemical Peeling and Resurfacing by Gary D. Monheit and JeanPaul Ortonne
3. Chemical Peels by Mark G. Rubin and David J. Goldberg
4. Chemical Peels by Rebecca Small, Philip Werschler, and Richard E. Fitzpatrick
5. Chemical Peels in Practice by Mitchell P. Goldman and Richard E. Fitzpatrick
6. Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice edited by Leslie S. Baumann
7. Esthetics and Dermatology by Florence Barrett Hill
8. Milady Standard Esthetics: Fundamentals by Milady
9. Professional Beauty Therapy: The Official Guide to Level 3 by Lorraine Nordmann
10. Skin Care: Beyond the Basics by Mark Lees
11. The Beauty Therapist's Handbook: Level 2 by Lorraine Nordmann
12. The Esthetician's Guide to Outstanding Esthetics by Tina Zillmann
13. The Skin Care Answer Book by Mark Lees

14. Glossary of Terms

AHA (Alpha Hydroxy Acid):

A group of watersoluble acids found in various natural sources, such as fruits and milk,
commonly used in skincare for their exfoliating properties.
BHA (Beta Hydroxy Acid):
An oilsoluble acid, typically salicylic acid, known for its ability to penetrate and clean pores,
making it effective for treating acne and clogged skin.
Chemical Peel:
A cosmetic procedure in which a chemical solution is applied to the skin to exfoliate the top
layers, promoting skin renewal and addressing various skin concerns.
Collagen:
A protein responsible for the skin's structural support and elasticity. Collagen production
decreases with age, leading to sagging and wrinkles.
Dermis:
The middle layer of skin beneath the epidermis, containing hair follicles, sweat glands, blood
vessels, and connective tissue.
Epidermis:
The outermost layer of the skin, acting as a barrier between the body and the external
environment.
Exfoliation:
The process of removing dead skin cells from the skin's surface, promoting a smoother and
brighter complexion.
Fitzpatrick Scale:
A classification system used to determine an individual's skin type and assess their response to
UV radiation, relevant in skin treatments and chemical peel selection.
Hyperpigmentation:
The darkening of the skin in certain areas due to an excess of melanin, often caused by sun
exposure, inflammation, or skin conditions.
Keratin:
A fibrous protein that makes up the outer layer of the skin, hair, and nails. It provides
protection and strength to these structures.
Melanin:
A pigment produced by melanocytes in the skin, responsible for skin, hair, and eye color. It also
plays a role in protecting the skin from UV radiation.
pH:
A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, with values ranging from 0 (acidic) to 14
(alkaline). The pH of skincare products can affect their efficacy and compatibility with the skin.
Sebum:
The oily substance produced by sebaceous glands in the skin that helps moisturize and protect
the skin.
Sunscreen:
A topical product designed to protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation by
absorbing or reflecting the sun's rays.
TCA (Trichloroacetic Acid):
A medium to deep chemical peel solution that can address various skin concerns, including
fine lines, wrinkles, and hyperpigmentation.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid):
A powerful antioxidant often used in skincare to protect the skin from free radicals and
promote collagen production.
Wound Healing:
The body's natural process of repairing and regenerating damaged skin or tissue.