Assignment No: 1 Subject: Chemistry Class: XII Section:

Post Date: 12/04/24 Submit Date:

STUDY MATERIAL
ROAULT’S LAW:
For non – volatile solutes:

PA = P°A XA
For volatile solutes:
PT = P°A XA + P°B XB
 ELEVATION IN BOILING POINT

∆Tb = K b m, Kb is called ebullioscopic constant or molal elevation constant

DEPRESSION IN FREEZING POINT

∆Tf = Kf m, Kf is called Cryoscopic constant or molal depression constant.

IMPORTANT FORMULAE

Osmotic pressure (Π ) = CRT

MCQ TYPE QUESTIONS

1.________________ _ obeys Raoult’s law in all stages of concentration.

A) Ideal Solution
B) Non-Ideal solution
C) Real Solution
D) None of the mentioned
2. Colligative properties depend on
A) Nature of solute particles
B). Number of solute particles in a solution
C). Physical properties of solute
D) Nature of solvent
3.The unit of ebullioscopic constant is
A)K kg mol-1
B)K-1kg mol
C) kg-1 mol-1
D) kg-1 mol
4.The most suitable colligative property to determine molecular weight of biomolecules is
A)Lowering of vapour pressure
B)Osmotic pressure
C)Elevation in boiling point
D)Depression in freezing point
5.The number of moles of NaCl in 3 liters of 3M solution is
A)1
B)3
C)9
D)7
6.Which of the following has highest freezing point?
A)1M glucose
B)1M NaCl
C)1M CaCl2
D)1M AlF3

COMPETENCY BASED QUESTION

1.The element A and B formed purely covalent compounds having molecular formula AB2 and AB4.
When
dissolved in 20 gram of benzene 1 gram of AB2 lowers the freezing point by 2.3 K and of AB4 by
1.3 K.
Calculate atomic mass of A and B. The molar depression constant for freezing is 5.1 KKg mol-1

2.Two liquids A and B on mixing form an ideal solution. At 300C vapour pressure of solution
containing 3 mol of
. A and 1 mol of B is 550 mmHg. But when 4 mol of A and 1 mol of B are mixed. The vapour
Pressure of solution thus formed is 560 mm Hg. What would be the V.P of pure A and B?
Explain the fact that Raoult’s Law is a special case of Henry’s Law.
According to Raoult’s law, the vapour pressure of a volatile component in a given solution is
given by
pi = xi pi0.

3.Liquids A and B form an ideal solution in the entire composition range at 350K the vapour
pressure of pure A
and pure B are 7 Pa and 12 Pa respectively. Find out The composition of the vapour is in
equilibrium with a solution containing 40 mole percent of A at this temperature.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What is the mole fraction of ethylene glycol in a solution containing 20g by mass?
2. Name the factors on which the solubility of a substance in a solvent depends on ?
3. How does the solubility of gasses in a liquid vary with increase in temperature?
4. How is Henry’s constant dependent on temperature?
5. Do scuba Drivers need to carry oxygen cylinder with them. Justify the reason
Assignment No: Subject: Class: Section:

Post Date: Submit Date:

Study Material
2)MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:-

i)

ii)

iii)

iv) Which among MeX, RCH2X, R2CHX, R3CX is most reactive towards SN2 reaction ?

v) Which among the following compound has the highest boiling point ?

3) Short answer type:-

i) Write the product formed when toluene is chlorinated in presence of sunlight ?

ii) Draw the structure of the product when Benzene diazonium chloride is treated with CuCl/HCl?

iii) How many structural isomers are possible for a compound with molecular formula C3H7Cl ?

iv) What is the structure of DDT ?

v) Out of o-dichlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene, which has higher melting point ?

4) Case based question :-

i) The substitution reaction of alkyl halide mainly occurs by SN1 or SN2 mechanism. Whatever mechanism alkyl halides
follow for the substitution reaction to occur, the polarity of the carbon halogen bond is responsible for these
substitution reactions. The rate of SN1 reactions are governed by the stability of carbocation whereas for SN2 reactions
steric factor is the deciding factor. If the starting material is a chiral compound, we may end up with an inverted product
or racemic mixture depending upon the type of mechanism followed by alkyl halide. Cleavage of ethers with HI is also
governed by steric factor and stability of carbocation, which indicates that in organic chemistry, these two major factors
help us in deciding the kind of product formed.

a) Predict the stereochemistry of the product formed if an optically active alkyl halide undergoes substitution reaction
by SN2 mechanism.

Ans :- An optically active alkyl halide undergoing substitution reaction by the SN2 mechanism will result in an
inversion of configuration at the stereocenter. This means that the product formed will have the opposite
configuration compared to the starting material. This means that the product formed will have the opposite
configuration compared to the starting material.

• For example, if the starting material is (S)-2-bromobutane, the product formed will be (R)-2-butanol.

• This is because the nucleophile attacks from the backside of the leaving group, causing the carbon atom to
invert its stereochemistry.

• If the alkyl group is R, then the product formed will have an inverted configuration, meaning the absolute
configuration of the product will be S if the starting material is R and vice versa.

• This is because in the SN2 mechanism, the nucleophile attacks from the backside of the substrate causing the
configuration to invert.

• Hence, the product will be optically active and the absolute configuration will be different from the starting
material.

b) Name the instrument used for measuring the angle by which the plane polarised light is rotated.

Ans:- polarimeter

c) Give one use of CHI3.

Ans:- One common use of CHI3 is as an antiseptic in medical and veterinary settings. CHI3 has the ability to kill bacteria
and prevent infection, hence it can be used in the treatment of wounds and in disinfecting surgical instruments.

ii) The substitution reaction of alkyl halide mainly occurs by SN1 or SN2 mechanism. Whatever mechanism alkyl halides
follow for the substitution reaction to occur, the polarity of the carbon halogen bond is responsible for these
substitution reactions. The rate of SN1 reactions are governed by the stability of carbocation whereas for SN2 reactions
steric factor is the deciding factor. If the starting material is a chiral compound, we may end up with an inverted product
or racemic mixture depending upon the type of mechanism followed by alkyl halide. Cleavage of ethers with HI is also
governed by steric factor and stability of carbocation, which indicates that in organic chemistry, these two major factors
help us in deciding the kind of product formed.

a) Write the structures of the products formed when anisole is treated with HI.

b) Predict the major product formed when 2-Bromobutane undergoes a reaction with alcoholic KOH.

iii)

a) Identify W, X, Y, Z.

b) What is the name of the reaction when X is treated with acyl chloride in presence of anhydrous AlCl3?