Squeezing 1 e4 e5 A Solid Strategic

Approach 1st Edition Alexander

Khalifman
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 Contents

Title Page and Bibliography

Preface

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3

Part 1.

1 A) 2...d5; B) 2...Qe7; C) 2...f5

2 2...d6 3.d4 A) 3...Bg4; B) 3...f5; C) 3...exd4; D) 3...Nc6
3 2...d6 3.d4 Nf6 4.dxe5
4 2...d6 3.d4 Nd7 4.Bc4

Part 2. 2...Nf6 3.Nc3

5 3...Bc5; 3...d5; 3...Bb4

3...d6 4.d4 exd4 5.Nxd4

6 5...g6; A) 5...a6; B) 5...Nbd7 C) 5...c6
7 5...Be7 6.g3 w/o 0-0
8 5...Be7 6.g3 0-0 7.Bg2

3...d6 4.d4 Nbd7 5.Bc4

9 5...c6; 5...Nb6; A) 5...h6; B) 5...exd4
10 5...Be7 6.0-0 Rare; A) 6...exd4; B) 6...c6
11 5...Be7 6.0-0 0-0 7.a4 Rare; A) 7...exd4; B) 7...a5; C) 7...a6
12 5...Be7 6.0-0 0-0 7.a4 c6 8.h3 Rare; A) 8...Nxe4; B) 8...h6; C) 8...Re8; D) 8...Qc7 .
13 5...Be7 6.0-0 0-0 7.a4 c6 8.h3 b6 9.Re1
14 5...Be7 6.0-0 0-0 7.a4 c6 8.h3 a5 9.Re1

Part 3. 2...Nc6 3.Nc3

15 3...Be7; A) 3...Bb4; B) 3...Bc5

16 3...g6 4.d4

3...Nf6 4.Bb5

17 Rare; 4...a6; 4...Be7

18 4...d6 5.d4 193

2
19 4...Bd6 5.d3
20 4...Bc5 5.0-0
21 4...Nd4 5.0-0
22 4...Bb5 5.0-0

Index of Variations

3
 Squeezing 1.e4 e5: a Solid Strategic Approach

by

Alexander Khalifman and Sergei Soloviov

Chess Stars Publishing

www.chess-stars.com

Copyright © 2019 by Alexander Khalifman, Sergei Soloviov

Cover by Rustam Taichinov

Technical editor GM Alexei Kornev

Bibliography

Books

A Vigorous Chess Opening Repertoire for Black: Tackling 1.e4 with 1…e5 by Or Cohen, New
in Chess 2013
Bologan’s Black Weapons in the Open Games: by V.Bologan, New in Chess 2014
How to Beat the Open Games by Sverre Johnsen, Gambit 2018
Kaufman’s New Repertoire for Black and White: A Complete, Sound and User-friendly
Chess Opening Repertoire by Larry Kaufman, New in Chess 2019
Keep it Simple: 1.e4: A Solid and Straightforward Chess Opening Repertoire for White by
Christof Sielecki, New in Chess 2018
Play 1e4 e5! A Complete Repertoire for Black in the Open Game by Nigel Davies, Everyman
Chess 2005
Play the Open Games as Black by John Emms Gambit 2001
Playing 1.e4 e5 - A Classical Repertoire by Nikolaos Ntirlis, Quality Chess 2016
The Four Knights by Jan Pinski, Everyman Chess 2003
The Four Knights Game by Andrey Obodchuk, New in Chess 2011

4
 The Four Knights: Move by Move by Cyrus Lakdawala, Everyman Chess 2017
The Open Games For Black. A complete black repertoire with 1.e4 e5 by by Igor Lysyj and
Roman Ovetchkin, Chess Stars 2012
The Petroff: an Expert Repertoire for Black by K.Sakaev, Chess Stars 2011

Periodicals

Chess Informant
New in chess Yearbook
Bestlogic Database
Chessbase online database
ChessOK Correspondence Database
Correspondence Database
FICGS DataBase
GameKnot Database
ICCF Database
LSS Database
Mega Database

5
 Playing Chess – the Scientific Way

The idea of writing this book came to me while I was still working on my previous book about the
Scotch Game. The present book is neither a continuation nor a refutation of the previous one. I am
merely attempting to find another solution to the same problem (how to fight with White against 1.е4
е5?).

It all started long, long ago, during intense discussions between me and a very good friend of mine,
who later became a great chess player. It was rather like a professional consultation, since we almost
never had an argument. We agreed with each other about almost everything, although in general chess
players often argue. We discussed the fact that in the majority of chess manuals, some of them good
and some not so good, we see positions in which we are required to find the best move. Meanwhile, in
practical games, situations like this are not encountered so often. We usually reach positions in which
there is no absolutely best move.

Consideration of which move is the best often depends not only on the deployment of the pieces on
the board and on which side is to move, but also on numerous other factors – what our priorities are,
what the strength and the style of the opponent are, the time we have for the rest of the game, the
tournament situation, etc. So, depending on all these factors, in one and the same position it may often
happen that different moves may turn out to be best in different situations. It is precisely the skill of
making the best practical decision in the concrete situation that is one of the most important elements of
top-level mastery in chess. Unfortunately, little or nothing is written about all this in the books. This is
a very serious subject by the way and we do not plan to elaborate on it any further here.

I came to the conclusion that the same approach would be quite applicable in the process of
constructing the opening repertoire of a chess player. In our previous book we discussed and analysed
how to counter 1.е4 е5 with White in the most direct, aggressive and sometimes even risky fashion
(this approach is naturally attractive in a way, but it is not universal).
This time I have decided to try something radically different for White, which is to play in a strict and
even somewhat dry fashion, in an attempt to approximate the so-called “classical models”. After long
hesitation I should like to call this approach “scientifically minimalist”. It would be maximalist to try to
swim in the endless ocean of the variations of the Ruy Lopez, but this could hardly be covered in a
single book. Moreover, it would be unlikely that we could prove any considerable edge there either.
Almost the same thing is happening lately in the Italian Game – there is no end to the analyses, yet
White cannot prove an advantage.

So, after all I have shared with you, our choice was made, which is the Four Knights Game and in
particular the main line – the traditional system with 4.Bb5. During the process of working on this, I
have become more and more convinced that my choice corresponds with the concept I have outlined

6
above and it deserves a thorough practical test.

I should now like to summarise the basic features of the suggested method:
1. White controls the centre, develops quickly and castles. We DO NOT strive for a direct clash with
the opponent after the first few moves in the opening.
2. We begin active operations only after the completion of our development; as a rule, these will take
place in the centre and on the kingside.
3. Of course it is necessary to know the theory and to calculate the variations precisely, but in general
we are striving to reach positions in which the basic strategical principles, the correct evaluation of the
arising positions and the ability to choose the correct plan will be at least as important.
4. Finally, we are still fighting for an advantage in the opening. It may be just a small edge, but let’s
see...

We should not like to mislead our readers. If Black is perfectly prepared, he may still equalise. Even
then, however, we would say that White will remain on the ‘bright side’ of the equality. His game will
remain much simpler to play and easier to understand. Black will not have any easy counterplay.
Well, we have to admit that, in contrast to the Scotch Game, if White follows this approach the
chances of winning the game in around 20-25 moves will not be great (unless the opponent blunders
badly). In fact, we should like to focus on the struggle in the middle game and furthermore we have in
mind that there are always two sides of the coin – White runs no risk of ending up in a bad position
after 20 moves.

It is also very important that White does not need to go over a lot of variations before the game,
during preparation. This is an important difference. If you have forgotten or overlooked something in
your preparation of the Scotch Game, that could be really bad news for you. In the Scotch there often
arise irrational positions; sometimes it is tremendously difficult to find the best move over the board
and every mistake may lead to serious problems. In contrast, in the Four Knights Game, even if you
have forgotten everything, precise evaluation of the position and just common sense will help you find
the right way in the situation on the board. And even if you fail to do this, in most cases it will mean no
more than that Black will manage to equalise without any problems. This might well happen, but
nevertheless it will not be a catastrophe for White.

We should also like to mention some other positive aspects of our method and these concern the field
of psychology. The first point is if you happen to play against an opponent who is stronger than you (or
if he considers himself to be stronger, even without any objective reasons – this happens quite often, by
the way). The Four Knights Game has acquired a reputation over the years of “White is just playing for
a draw...”. We have in mind something different, but if the opponent is convinced of our intention to
play for a draw, this might turn out to be very helpful for us. All this has been tested in practice
numerous times. What usually happens is that your opponent thinks: “Draw?” Well, OK “draw”, and he
will usually start to make indifferent moves, assuming that the result of the game has been already
settled. However, we then have the possibility of punishing him for his careless attitude. The second
possibility is that your opponent may decide that White should be punished for this drawish strategy

7
and he might embark on incorrect complications. This may be very helpful to us as well. Of course,
these possibilities cannot be guaranteed, but they happen very often, even at the top level.
Finally, one other plus of our approach, in which the didactic treatment is combined with
minimalism, is that we have managed to compile an entire repertoire against 1.e4 e5 in just one book,
which proved impossible in our book on the Scotch Game. If you decide to study and play the Four
Knights Game you will have no problem facing the Petroff Defence and it will turn out that you will be
perfectly prepared against 1.е4 е5. We, as authors, have done everything that we possibly could to
prepare you.

Alexander Khalifman
St Petersburg

8
 Part 1
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3

In the first part of our book we analyse all the possibilities for Black after 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 apart from
2...Nf6 and 2...Nc6. We should mention however that lately these are only very seldom played, and
almost never at the top level. We provide you with a complete opening repertoire for White here, so we
have paid no more than formal attention to them. As for the variations which have been included in the
book, I have just remembered two stories, which illustrate perfectly how different readers understand
and study theoretical material.

After the publication of the first volume of “Opening for White According to Anand” one very well
known grandmaster approached one of the authors with the intention of sharing his impressions. He
evaluated the work quite positively in general, but he was amazed that we had analysed some ridiculous
lines so extensively (he expressed this in even cruder terms..), such as 1.е4 е5 2.Nf3 Qe7. He said that
all these possibilities were quite well covered in beginners’ books and we did not need to reinvent the
wheel. Furthermore, he was of the opinion that our irrational approach, wasting a lot of space, would
lead to the project requiring more than ten volumes (in this he was almost clairvoyant). We countered
that the books were not addressed just to masters and grandmasters, but he remained unimpressed by
this argument. He just said that if somebody needed to look in our book for how to combat 2.Nf3 Qe7,
then that book would simply not be for his level, and that was an end to it.

Some time later we received a letter about our series “Opening for White According to Kramnik”.
The chess expertise of the author of the letter was an enigma to us, but he was very harsh. He
acknowledged that the book had some merits, but he mostly focused on its defects. He wrote to us that

9
in one of his games his opponent had played 1.Nf3 h5 and this line had been treated only negligently in
our book. As a result, he had immediately obtained a very bad position. He also told us that later in the
game, thanks to the high level of his own chess mastery, he had managed to avoid great difficulties, but
his opinion would not change. He admitted that the variation 1.Nf3 h5 was not particularly popular but
he insisted that if the authors claimed that they were presenting a complete opening repertoire, then
even variations of that type should have been analysed thoroughly. Well, we have to admit that we
were a bit reluctant to respond to that letter.

We hope that the above-mentioned reasons clarify convincingly for you why we have analysed 2.Nf3
Qe7 in this book, while the variation 2.Nf3 h5 has been ignored.

Now let’s return to the contents of the first part. In Chapter 1 we have dealt with all the inferior
responses for Black on move 2. In fact the only move that deserves serious attention is 2...d5. This is
not because this move is strong, or dangerous, but because it has often been played in Internet blitz-
games and not at the top-level. As for its objective evaluation, in this variation, as in other similar lines
analysed in this chapter, White can obtain a considerable advantage by quite simple means. This
advantage is at least a positional one but sometimes White even gains a material advantage as well.

In the following chapters we analyse the ‘old’ Philidor Defence. It is worth mentioning that lately, for
quite objective reasons, the move order 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4

has gone out of fashion at almost all levels. Instead, the move order 1.e4 d6 has become the norm for
the contemporary treatment of the Philidor Defence. In this regard it is not quite clear whether this
opening should be classified as belonging to the Open or to the Semi-Open games. We shall elaborate
on this subject in the second part of our book.
We feel it is worth qualifying slightly what we wrote in the previous paragraph. The move order 1.e4
e5 2.Nf3 d6 has definite drawbacks only if Black intends to hold the centre, in the manner of the

10
classical interpretation of the Philidor Defence. But if Black plans to give up the centre immediately
with the move 3...exd4, then this order of move has no drawbacks at all. In fact Black plays like this in
the 90% of games at all levels. There arises a logical question: why then have we not devoted at least an
entire chapter to the line with 3...exd4? Why have we only analysed it in Chapter 2, lumped together
with some other second-rate responses for Black? The answer is quite simple; we have done this
because the position after 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 will be analysed in detail in the second part of the book,
while Black’s attempts to deviate from this (just like all Black’s other seldom-played lines) fail to
provide the second player with any grounds for optimism.

In Chapter 3 we cover the 3...Nf6, variation, which used to be considered as the main line for Black.

After the move 4.Nc3 there arises the Hanham Variation of the Philidor Defence (analysed in the
second part of the book). In this case, however, White does not need to be content with just a small
edge. After 4.dxe5! Nxe4 5.Qd5 White can obtain a considerable advantage by quite simple means.

Finally, in Chapter 4, we analyse the traditional move order, 3...Nd7. After this move Black may only
dream of entering the Hanham Variation. White does not need to lose time developing the queen’s
knight; instead, after 4.Bc4 (either immediately, or following an exchange of pawns on e5) the
vulnerability of the f7-square becomes a very important factor. Black must play very precisely to avoid
immediate material loss, but even then he must be satisfied with the fact that his opponent’s advantage
will not be as overwhelming as in the previous chapter – hardly a great achievement, to say the least...

11
 Chapter 1
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3

In this chapter we will analyse some rather dubious lines for Black: A) 2...d5, B) 2...Qe7 and 2...f5.
White cannot obtain an advantage after them if he does not play precisely and he needs to continue in a
strong and energetic fashion.

After 2...Bc5?, Black should not ignore the protection of his central pawn. 3.Nxe5

3...Qf6 4.d4±
3...Nf6 4.d4±
3...Qe7 4.d4±
3...d6 4.Nf3± (4.Nc4 Nc6 5.c3±) 4...b6?? 5.d4+– Kasparov –Mikulic, Pula (simultan) 2015.
3...Qh4? This is a bad move, but at least it seems purposeful. Black regains his pawn, but lags
horribly in development. 4.d4 Qxe4+ 5.Be3 Bb6 6.Nd2 Qf5 7.Bc4+–
3...Nc6. Black is trying to develop harmoniously his pieces, but after 4.Nxc6 dxc6 5.c3, White
prepares the occupation of the centre with his other pawn. 5...Qe7 6.f3 Bd6 7.d4 Qh4+ 8.Kd2 Be6
9.Kc2± Kozarski – Mathe, ICCF 2008.

A) 2...d5
As a rule Black plays this gambit move with the idea that his opponent would not be well prepared
and would not know its theory; otherwise he risks defending a very bad endgame to the end of the
encounter.
3.exd5

12
 abcdefgh
3...e4
This is Black’s most consistent move. He wishes to oust the enemy knight from the e4-square.

3...Bg4 4.Nc3 Nf6 5.Be2 (5.h3 Bxf3 6.Qxf3±) 5...Bd6 (5...Nxd5 6.Nxe5 Nxc3 7.bxc3±) 6.h3 Bh5
(6...Bf5 7.d4 e4 8.Ne5±) 7.Nxe5 Bxe2 8.Qxe2 0-0 9.0-0 Re8 10.d4±

The move 3...Bd6 is too slow. 4.d4. Now, White is not afraid of the move e5-e4, because he would
have the possibility Ne5. 4...e4 (4...exd4 5.Qxd4±) 5.Ne5 (5.Nfd2 Nf6 6.c4 0-0 7.Nc3±) 5...Nf6
(5...Ne7 6.Nc3 f5? 7.Qh5+ g6 8.Qh6+–; 6...0-0 7.Nxe4±) 6.Bb5+ c6. This move enables White to
trade his doubled d5-pawn. (6...Bd7 7.Nxd7 Nbxd7 8.0-0 a6 9.Bxd7+ Qxd7 10.c4±; following
6...Nbd7 7.Bg5 0-0, White can weaken the shelter of the enemy king. 8.Nxd7 Bxd7 9.Bxd7 Qxd7
10.Bxf6 gxf6 11.c4±.) 7.dxc6 bxc6 (7...0-0 8.cxb7 Bxb7 9.Nc4 Bc7 10.Bg5±) 8.Be2 Bxe5. Black
restores the material balance, but after 9.dxe5 Qa5+ 10.Nd2 Qxe5 11.Nc4 Qd5 12.Nd6±, White’s
bishop would be tremendously active in this open position.

3...Qxd5 (The same position can be reached in the Scandinavian Defence after a move for Black
which is not good – e7-e5: 1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Qxd5 3.Nf3 e5.) 4.Nc3

13
 abcdefgh
4...Qd8? 5.Nxe5 Bd6 6.d4±
4...Qc5 5.d4 exd4 6.Nxd4 (White leads in development, so he should better avoid entering an
endgame after: 6.Qxd4 Nf6 7.Be3 Qxd4 8.Bxd4²) 6...Nf6 7.Be3±
4...Qd6 5.Bc4 (5.d4 exd4 6.Nb5 Qe7+ 7.Be2±) 5...Nc6 6.0-0 a6 7.Re1 Be7 8.d4 Bg4 9.h3 Bxf3
10.Qxf3 Nf6 11.dxe5 Nxe5, Turov – Gashimov, playchess.com 2006, 12.Qxb7 0-0 13.Ne4 Nxe4
14.Qxe4± White has ended up with a solid extra pawn.
4...Qa5. Black relinquishes his control over the a2-g8 diagonal. 5.Bc4 Nc6 (5...Bg4? 6.Bxf7+ Kxf7
7.Ng5+–; 5...Nf6 6.Ng5±; 5...Be7. He defends against Ng5. 6.Qe2 Nc6 7.Bb5 f6 8.d4 Bd7 9.dxe5 0-0-
0 10.e6±; 8.a3!? Bd7 9.Rb1. White wishes to trap the enemy queen after b4 and Nd5+–) 6.0-0 Nf6
(6...Be7. After this move White opens advantageously the position in the centre. 7.d4 exd4 8.Nd5 Nf6
9.Bd2 Qc5 10.Nxc7+ Kd8 11.Nxa8 Qxc4 12.b3±) 7.Ng5 Be6 (7...h6 8.Nxf7 Rh7 9.d4 Bg4,
Areshchenko – Panchenko, Alushta 2001, 10.Qe1+–; 7...Nd8 8.d4±) 8.Bxe6 fxe6 9.Nxe6 Nd4,
Maenner – Hammer, Germany 2009, 10.Nxd4 exd4 11.Re1+ Kd7 12.Ne4± Black has managed to
preserve the material balance, but his king in the centre is an excellent target for the enemy pieces.
4...Qe6 5.Be2 (It is also very good for White here to continue with 5.Bb5+!? c6 6.Ba4±, threatening
to play at an opportune moment Bb3. 6...Qg6 7.Qe2 Be7 8.d3 Be6 9.Bd2 Nd7 10.Nxe5 Nxe5
11.Qxe5±)

14
 abcdefgh
5...c5. Black defends against d2-d4, but weakens the d5-square in the process. 6.0-0 Nc6 7.Bb5±
5...Nf6 6.d4 exd4 (6...e4? 7.Ng5 Qe7 8.0-0 h6 9.Ngxe4 Nxe4 10.Nxe4 Qxe4 11.Re1+–) 7.Nxd4
Qb6 8.0-0. Black has lost too many tempi with manoeuvres with his queen and lags horribly in
development. 8...Be7 (8...Bc5? 9.Na4 Qd6 10.Nb5+–) 9.Be3 c5 10.Na4 Qa5 11.Nb5 Na6 12.c4 0-0
13.a3±
5...Nc6 6.d4 exd4 7.Nxd4 Nxd4 8.Qxd4 Bd7 9.0-0 c5. Without this move Black cannot castle
queenside, since his pawn on a7 would be hanging. (9...Nf6 10.Nb5 Bd6 11.Bc4 Qe7 12.Bf4 Bxf4
13.Rfe1 Be6 14.Bxe6 fxe6 15.Qxf4 0-0-0 16.Nxa7+ Kb8 17.Nb5± White not only has an extra pawn,
but also excellent attacking prospects.) 10.Qh4 (10.Qd3!? 0-0-0 11.Rd1±) 10...Be7 11.Qg3 Nf6
(11...Nh6? 12.Qxg7 Rg8 13.Qxh6+– A.Kolev – Llacuna Roca, Salou 2005) 12.Re1 0-0 13.Bh6 Ne8
14.Bf4±

Here, Black’s possibly best decision would be 3...Nf6!? 4.Nxe5 (This position was encountered
several times in the games of the Georgian grandmaster Baadur Jobava after the move-order 1.e4 e5
2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 d5 4.exd5.)

15
 abcdefgh
4...Qxd5 (4...Nxd5 5.Bc4 Be6 6.0-0 Bd6 7.d4 0-0 8.Re1±) 5.d4. White wishes to trade the queens
after the move Qe2-b5, because this is the way for him to avoid any unpleasant developments. (It is
possibly even stronger for him to opt here for 5.Qe2!? Be7 6.Nc3 Qd8 7.b3, planning to castle
queenside. 7...0-0 8.Bb2 Re8 9.0-0-0 Bd6 10.d4±) 5...Nc6 6.Nxc6 (6.Nf3!? Bg4 7.Be2 0-0-0 8.c3±)
6...Qxc6 7.Qe2+ Be7 8.Qb5 Bd7 9.Qxc6 Bxc6 10.f3 0-0-0 11.c3² Vachier Lagrave – Jobava, Leuven
2017. Black’s advantage in development cannot compensate fully his sacrificed pawn.

4.Qe2

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.lt.~ J iS6
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7~~ fE ~- ~ .l fE w~.l.

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.,,.~..---..----.,---% ._----r%
·,,F~ • .---..----.,---% "~ ..---..----.,---% -'~ .

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✓- ?; '21&·,/ ~b~
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abcdefgh
4...Nf6

4...Qxd5? 5.Nc3±

16
 4...Be7. This sacrifice of the central pawn is obviously bad for Black. 5.Qxe4 Nf6 6.Bb5+ (6.Qa4+
Bd7 7.Qb3±) 6...Bd7 (6...c6 7.dxc6 bxc6 8.Bxc6+ Nxc6 9.Qxc6+ Bd7 10.Qa6 0-0 11.0-0± Soham –
Olbrisch, Tegernsee 2019) 7.Qe2 Nxd5 8.Bxd7+ Qxd7 9.d4± Morphy – Paulsen, New York 1857. He
has no compensation for the missing central pawn.

4...f5. Now, just like after 4...Nf6, Black protects his pawn on e4, but does not develop his pieces.
5.d3 Nf6 (5...Qxd5 6.Nc3 Bb4 7.Bd2. Here, in order to keep his queen at the centre of the board, Black
is forced to exchange his bishop for the enemy knight. 7...Bxc3 8.Bxc3 Ne7 9.Ne5 0-0 10.dxe4+–
White’s bishops are very powerful.) 6.dxe4 fxe4 7.Nc3 Be7 (7...Bb4?? 8.Qb5+) 8.Nxe4 0-0 9.Bd2
Nxd5 10.0-0-0± White has an extra pawn and a very good development.

4...Qe7 5.Nd4 Nf6 (5...Qe5 6.Nb5 Na6 7.N1c3 Nf6 8.d4 Qf5 9.f3±; 5...g6 6.Nc3 Bg7 7.Ndb5 Nf6
8.b3 a6 9.Ba3 Qd7 10.Nd4±) 6.Nc3

6...Qe5. Without this move Black cannot develop his kingside. 7.Nf3. White prevents the
development of the enemy bishop on f8. 7...Qe7 (7...Qf5 8.d4 a6 9.a3 Be7 10.Ne5±) 8.Ng5 Bg4
(8...Bf5? 9.Qb5+ c6 10.dxc6+–) 9.Qe3 Bf5 10.Bb5+ c6 11.Bc4±
6...a6 7.h3. He defends against Bg4. 7...Nbd7 8.Nf5. This is the simplest for White. He transfers his
knight to the g3-square and squeezes even more the enemy pieces with the protection of the pawn on
e4. 8...Qe5 9.Ng3 Nc5 10.d4!? White gives back the extra material and completes the development of
his queenside pieces. 10...Qxd4 11.Be3 Qe5 12.0-0-0±
6...Nbd7 7.Nf5 Qe5 8.Ng3 Bd6 9.Ngxe4 0-0. White has already two extra pawns, but has turned
into the defending side. Therefore, he should better give up immediately a part of the extra material:
10.d4 Qxd4 11.Nxd6 cxd6 12.Be3 Qb4 13.0-0-0± Plaskett – Rogers, West Bromwich 2004.

5.d3

17
 abcdefgh
5...Qxd5

5...Be7 6.dxe4 0-0 7.Nc3 Bb4 8.Bg5±

Following 5...Bb4+ 6.c3 0-0 7.dxe4, White can parry his opponent’s attack with a precise defence
and remain with extra material. 7...Bc5 (7...Be7 8.Qc2±) 8.Bg5 Re8 9.Nbd2 c6 (9...h6 10.Bxf6 Qxf6
11.e5±) 10.dxc6 Nxc6 11.0-0-0±

6.Nbd2 Nc6 7.dxe4 Qh5

After 7...Qe6, the simplest for White would be to play 8.c3, depriving the enemy knight of the d4 and
b4-squares. (8.Qe3 Bd6 9.h3²) 8...Bd6 9.g3 (9.Nd4!?) 9...0-0 10.Bg2 Re8, Bocharov - Sanin, Sochi
2016, 11.0-0±

8.Qb5 Bc5 9.Nb3

White wishes to enter a better endgame.
9...Nxe4

18
 10.Be3

10.Nxc5 Qxc5 11.Qxc5 Nxc5 12.Be3² He has the two-bishop advantage and can play for a win for a
long time without any risk in this better endgame.

10...Bb4+ 11.c3 Qxb5 12.Bxb5 Bd6 13.Na5 (13.Nfd4 Bd7 14.Nxc6 bxc6 15.Ba4²) 13...a6
14.Bxc6+ bxc6, Aveskulov – Kalinichev, Tula 2008, 15.Nd4². Black has no compensation for his
pawn-weaknesses on the queenside. Following 15...c5 16.Ndb3 0-0 17.f3, he would end up a pawn
down. 17...Nf6 18.Bxc5±

B) 2...Qe7
Black protects his pawn on e5, but impedes the development of his bishop on f8.
3.Bc4
White is eyeing the f7-square.

It is also good for him to choose here 3.Nc3±

19
 abcdefgh
3...d6
Black can hardly continue the game without this move.

About 3...h6 4.0-0 d6 5.d4, or 4...Nf6 5.d4 d6 6.Nc3 – see 3...d6.

3...f5? 4.d4 exd4 5.0-0 fxe4 6.Nbd2 Nf6 7.Nxe4 Nxe4 8.Re1+–

3...c6 4.d4 exd4 (about 4...d6 5.0-0 – see 3...d6) 5.0-0±

3...g6. Black lags in development anyway, so he has no time to fianchetto comfortably his bishop.
4.d4 d6 5.dxe5 dxe5 6.Nc3 c6 7.a4! White is preparing b2-b3, Ba3. 7...Bg7 8.b3 Nd7 9.Ba3 Qf6,
Badev – Dobrev, Teteven 2009, 10.0-0±
It is just bad for Black to play here 3...Nf6 4.0-0 Nxe4?. The opening of the e-file is just a suicide for
him. (about 4...h6 5.d4 d6 6.Nc3 – see 3...d6) 5.Re1 Nc5 6.d4 Ne6 7.d5+–

3...Nc6 4.0-0 Nf6 (4...d6 5.Nc3 Nf6 6.h3 – see 4...Nf6) 5.Nc3 d6 6.h3 Be6 7.Bb3² White maintains
a slight but stable advantage.

4.0-0

20
 abcdefgh
4...Bg4

About 4...Nc6 5.c3 g6 6.d4 Bg7 7.h3 Nf6 8.Re1 – see 4...Nf6.

4...Nf6 5.d4 Nc6 (5...Bg4 6.c3 – see 4...Bg4) 6.c3 g6 7.h3 Bg7 8.Re1 0-0 9.Nbd2 Bd7 10.Nf1 Rae8
11.Ng3 Kh8 12.b4 h6 13.b5 Na5 14.Bf1 Qd8 15.Ba3 Rg8 16.Bb4 b6 17.Qa4 Qb8 18.Bxa5 bxa5
19.Qxa5± Bauer – Vorotnikov, Zurich 2017.

4...Be6 5.Bxe6 Qxe6 6.d4 Nf6 (6...Be7, Yemelin – Soldatenkov, St Petersburg 1996, 7.Qd3!? c6
8.c4²) 7.Qd3 c6, Espinosa Flores – Sulskis, Yucatan 2004, 8.Nbd2 Be7 9.Re1 0-0 10.Nc4 Nbd7
11.Ne3² White’s bishop on c1 is obviously more active than its counterpart, since it is considerably
restricted by his own pawns on d6 and e5.

4...c6 5.d4 h6 (about 5...Nf6 6.c3 Bg4 7.Re1, or 5...Bg4 6.c3 Nf6 7.Re1 – see 4...Bg4) 6.c3 (6.Nc3
Nf6 7.a4 – see 4...h6) 6...Nf6 7.Re1 Nbd7 (7...g5 8.Nbd2±; 7...Bg4 8.Nbd2 – see 4...Bg4) 8.Nbd2
Nb6 9.Bb3², followed by the transfer of the knight to the g3-square. White maintains a stable
advantage thanks to his powerful pawn-centre.

4...g6 5.d4 Bg7 6.dxe5 (6.Ng5. White still preserves the initiative after this move, but the attack
against the f7-square seems to be a bit premature. 6...Nh6 7.dxe5 dxe5 8.b3 f6 9.Ba3±; 8...0-0 9.Nc3 c6
10.a4 Rd8 11.Qf3 Na6 12.Qg3²) 6...dxe5 7.b3 Nf6 8.Ba3. White wishes to impede his opponent’s
castling kingside, or to provoke the move 8...c5, which would weaken considerably the d5-square.
9.Nc3 0-0 10.Nd5 Nxd5 11.Qxd5 Be6. The activity of White’s pieces increases with every move,
therefore Black decides to sacrifice a pawn, but he does not obtain sufficient compensation for it.
12.Qxc5 Qxc5 13.Bxc5 Rc8 14.Bxe6 Rxc5 15.Bd5± Romero Holmes – Casacuberta, Terrassa 1994.

21
 It is also possible for Black to play here the quiet move 4...h6 and he will be able to develop his
knight on f6 without being afraid of the move Ng5. White has a great lead in development, but he will
hardly manage to break easily his opponent’s defensive fortress. 5.d4

5...Bg4 6.dxe5 dxe5 7.h3 Bd7 8.b3. White is threatening Ba3, as well as Bb2, increasing the pressure
against the pawn on e5. 8...Qf6 9.Bb2 Bd6, Andrijevic – Djosic, Zlatibor 2008, 10.Nc3²
5...c6 6.Nc3 Nd7 (About 6...Nf6 7.a4 – see 5...Nf6; 6...g5. This active move for Black only weakens
the f5-square. 7.dxe5 dxe5 8.a4 Nd7 9.a5 – see 6...Nd7; 8...a5 9.b3!?; 9.Nd2 Nf6, Zaragatski – Sulskis,
Cappelle-la-Grande 2005, 10.Qe2² White’s plan is quite clear – Re1, Nf1-g3, Nd1-e3.) 7.a4. This
move deprives Black of the counterplay, connected with the advance of his b-pawn. 7...g5. This move
seems to be too optimistic. (7...Ngf6 8.a5!?²; 8.Re1 a5 9.b3 Nb6 10.Bf1² Bojkovic – Stepovaia, Becici
1993) 8.dxe5 dxe5 9.a5 Ngf6 10.b3 (10.Be3 Bg7, Berelowitsch – Sulskis, Koszalin 1998, 11.Nd2 0-0
12.Qe2²) 10...Nc5 11.Bb2 Bg7 12.Ba3!? After Black’s bishop has been removed from the f8-a3
diagonal, White has some additional tactical motifs. 12...b5 13.axb6 axb6 14.Bxc5 Rxa1 15.Bxe7 Rxd1
16.Rxd1 Kxe7 17.Nxe5±
5...Nf6 6.Nc3 c6 7.a4 Qc7 (7...Bg4, Baltag – Yilmazyerli, Konya 2019, 8.dxe5 dxe5 9.h3 Bh5
10.Qd3²; 7...g5. Black only creates additional weaknesses in his position with this move. 8.b3 Qc7
9.Ba3 Bg4, Roa Alonso – Castejon, San Sebastian 2010, 10.Qd3 Nh5. With his previous move White
has avoided the pin of his queen and now, he must prevent his opponent’s move Nf4: 11.g3±).

22
 abcdefgh
8.a5!? White continues to occupy space on the queenside. 8...Be7 9.Nh4 Na6 (After 9...Nxe4?,
Black’s defence would become even more difficult: 10.Nxe4 d5 11.dxe5 Qxe5 12.Nc3 dxc4 13.Re1±)
10.dxe5 dxe5 11.f4. White is developing active actions on both sides of the board in an attempt to
complicate his opponent’s defence. 11...Nb4

Now, White can try to open the game in the centre: 12.fxe5!? Qxe5 13.Kh1 Be6 (13...0-0? 14.Ng6)
14.Bf4 Qh5 15.Bxe6 fxe6 16.Qxh5+ Nxh5 17.Ng6 Rg8 18.Nxe7 Kxe7 19.Be3 Na6 20.e5±, depriving
the enemy knight of the f6-square and threatening g2-g4, or can continue to occupy space - 12.f5 Qd6
13.Qe2 Nh7 (13...Ng4? Adams – Kurajica, Izmir 2004, 14.Qxg4 Qc5+ 15.Rf2 Qxc4 16.Qxg7 Rf8
17.Bxh6+–) 14.Rd1 Qf6 15.g3± Black has great problems to find active squares for his pieces.

5.d4!?

23
 White accomplishes this thematic move without losing a tempo for c2-c3.
5...Nf6

After 5...exd4, White can try an interesting pawn-sacrifice. 6.c3! dxc3 7.Nxc3 Nf6 8.Qb3 c6
(8...Bxf3? 9.Qxb7+–) 9.Ng5 Bh5 10.Bf4 h6. Black is desperately trying to hold the defence, but after
the simple tactical strike 11.Bxd6!, his position crumbles. 11...Qxd6 12.Bxf7+ Kd8 (12...Ke7 13.e5+–)
13.Ne6+ Kc8 14.Bxh5 Nxh5 15.Rad1+–

6.c3 c6 7.Re1

abcdefgh
7...h6

24
 It is possible that Black should better admit that the move Qe7 was not his best idea and free a square
for his bishop on f8 even at the price of a loss of a tempo. 7...Qc7 8.Nbd2 Be7 9.Bb3 0-0 10.Nf1 Nbd7
11.Ne3 Bxf3 12.Qxf3 Rfe8 13.Nf5 Bf8 14.Bg5 a5, Short – Rychagov, playchess.com 2004, 15.a4²
White has the two-bishop advantage and more actively placed pieces.

7...g6 8.a4 Bg7 9.dxe5 dxe5 10.b3 Nbd7 11.Ba3 Nc5 12.Nbd2 0-0. Black has managed to evacuate
his king away from the centre, but his knight on c5 has come under a very unpleasant pin. 13.h3 Bxf3
14.Qxf3 Rfd8 15.Qe3 Bf8 16.Nf3² Nfxe4? 17.Qxe4+– Short – Rychagov, playchess.com 2004.

8.Nbd2 g5

8...Qc7 9.a4 Be7 10.Nf1 0-0 11.h3 Bc8, Lunev – Koshil, Briansk 1995, 12.Ng3²

abcdefgh
9.Nf1

9.Qb3 b5 10.Bf1 Be6, Garcia Cano – Gonzalez Rodriguez, Castellar 2007, 11.Qc2± White has
provoked the pawn-advance b7-b5. Later he can exploit the weakening of Black’s queenside with the
move a2-a4.

9...Bh5 10.Ng3 Bg6 11.a4 Qc7 12.h4!?

White plans to sacrifice a piece.

We can recommend to these readers who are reluctant to sacrifice material, to follow with the more
solid move 12.b4, for example: 12...Nbd7 13.Bb3± Panella Navarro – Gonzalez Rodriguez, Amposta
2015.

12...g4 13.dxe5 dxe5 14.Nd4 exd4 15.Qxd4

25
 abcdefgh
15...Bg7 16.e5 Nd5 17.h5 Bh7 18.Qxg4. White has already two pawns for the sacrificed knight and
his attack continues. 18...Rg8 (18...Bf8? 19.e6+–) 19.e6. After this pawn-break in the centre, Black’s
position crumbles irrevocably. 19...f5. This is his most resilient defence. (He prevents the opening of
the e-file: 19...fxe6? 20.Bd3+–) 20.Qf3 Na6 21.Bxa6 bxa6 22.c4 Ne7 23.Bf4+– Black’s pieces are not
well coordinated and he is incapable of offering resistance against White’s perfectly placed forces.

C) 2...f5

This line has been named “The Latvian Gambit”, because the Latvian players have contributed
greatly to its theoretical and practical development.
Nowadays, the move 2...f5 is only very seldom played, because “The Latvian Gambit” failed to

26
withstand the test of time... and the computer programs.
3.Nxe5

3...Qf6
This is the only way for Black to offer resistance. His queen deprives his knight of this natural square
for development, but now he would not need to worry about the possibility Qh5+.

Black’s alternatives would lead to positions that are practically lost for him.

3...fxe4?? 4.Qh5+ g6 5.Nxg6 Nf6 6.Qe5+–

3...d6? 4.Qh5+ g6 5.Nxg6 Nf6 6.Qh4 Rg8 (6...Nc6 7.Nxh8 Nd4 8.Bc4 Bg7 9.Nf7 Qe7 10.0-0 Nxc2
11.Nc3+– Brynell – Eriksson, Skara 2002) 7.Nxf8 Rg4 8.Qh6 Rxe4+ 9.Be2 Qe7 10.Nc3+– Sandler –
Wertheim, Elwood 2005.

3...Qe7? 4.Qh5+ g6 5.Nxg6 Qxe4+ 6.Be2 Nf6 7.Qh3 hxg6 (7...Rg8 8.Nc3 Qc6 9.Nf4+–) 8.Qxh8
Qxg2 9.Rf1 Kf7 (9...Ng4 10.d4 Nxh2 11.Bh6+–) 10.d3 Nc6 11.Qh4 d5 (11...Bg7 12.Be3+–) 12.Bg5
Be7 13.Nd2 Nd4, Larmuseau – Mereu, Fermo 2009, 14.Qxd4. This is the simplest move for White.
Black’s chances of attacking ebb away after every exchange. 14...Qxg5 15.Nf3 Qh6 16.Ne5+ Kg7
17.Rg1. White has parried his opponent’s initiative and begins a counter attack on the g-file, which
means that Black has no compensation whatsoever about the sacrificed exchange. 17...c5 18.Qa4 g5
19.h3+–

3...Nf6? Black defends against the enemy queen-sortie to the h5-square, but does not take any
measures against White’s other threat. 4.Bc4 Qe7 (Black can prevent the penetration of the enemy
knight to the f7-square only at the price of sacrificing another pawn: 4...d5 5.exd5 Bd6 6.d4 0-0 7.0-
0+–) 5.d4 Nc6 (5...d6 6.Nf7 Qxe4+ 7.Kf1 d5 8.Bd3+–; 6...d5 7.Nxh8 dxc4 8.0-0 fxe4 9.Nc3 Bf5

27
10.Bg5 Nc6 11.Nd5 Qd6 12.Ne3+–; 6...Rg8 7.Nc3 h6 8.Nd5 Qxe4+ 9.Qe2 Qxe2+ 10.Kxe2 Kxf7
11.Nxf6+ Kxf6 12.Bxg8+– ) 6.0-0 Nxe5 (Following 6...fxe4 7.Bf7+, Black’s king would remain for a
long time at the middle of the board. 7...Kd8 8.Nxc6+ bxc6 9.Bb3± Perez Guerra - Perez Bolanos, Las
Palmas 2019) 7.dxe5 Nxe4 (7...Qxe5 8.exf5 Qxf5 9.Nc3±, with an overwhelming lead in development
for White.) 8.Nc3 Nxc3 9.bxc3 Qc5 10.Qh5+ g6 11.Qe2 Bg7 12.a4+– This strong move has been
played just on time. Now, Black cannot castle kingside, because of the move Ba3, winning the
exchange.

3...Nc6? 4.Qh5+ g6 5.Nxg6 Nf6 6.Qh3

6...Rg8 7.Nxf8 Kxf8 8.d3 Kf7 (8...fxe4 9.Qh6+ Kf7 10.Bg5 Rg6 11.Qh4+–) 9.Qxf5 d5 10.Qf3+–
Cabrera – Prado, ICCF 2007.
6...hxg6 7.Qxh8 Qe7 8.d3 fxe4 9.dxe4 Nxe4 10.Be2 d5 11.Bh6. This is the simplest for White. He
trades some pieces and wishes to reduce his opponent’s attacking potential, realising in the process his
extra pawn and the exchange. 11...Nd4 12.Qxd4 Bxh6 13.Qxd5+– Krupkova – Turner, Czech Republic
1998.
6...fxe4 7.Nxh8 d5 8.Qb3 (8.Qe3 Ng4 9.Qf4 Nce5, Woods - Pierce, corr. 1916, 10.d4 exd3 11.Qg5.
White would not mind giving back a part of his extra material with the idea to exchange the queens and
to ensure the safety of his king against a possible attack in the middle game. 11...Qxg5 12.Bxg5 dxc2
13.Nc3+–) 8...Bg7 9.Bb5 Bxh8 10.Nc3 Qd6, Steuer – Stummer, corr. 1990, 11.d3+–

4.d4

It is also good for White to play here 4.Nc4 fxe4 5.Nc3±

28
 abcdefgh
4...d6
Black must oust the enemy knight away from the centre as quickly as possible.

4...fxe4? 5.Bc4 Ne7 (5...Nh6 6.Nc3+–) 6.Bf7+ Kd8 7.Bd5 Nxd5 (7...c6 8.Bg5 Qf5 9.g4+–)
8.Bg5+–

After 4...Nc6 5.Nxc6 dxc6 6.e5 Qg6 (6...Qf7 7.c4±) 7.c4±, Black has no compensation for the pawn.

5.Nc4 fxe4
With this move Black at least restores the material balance.

5...Nc6 6.d5 Ne5 7.Nc3 a6, E.Andreev – Akchelov, Alushta 1997, 8.f4 Nxc4 9.Bxc4 fxe4 10.Nxe4
Qh4+ 11.g3±

6.Nc3

29
 abcdefgh
6...Qg6
Black not only protects his pawn, but also frees the f6-square for his knight.

6...c6? 7.Nxe4 Qe6 8.Qe2+–

6...Bf5 7.Ne3 Bg6 (7...c6 8.d5±) 8.Bc4 c6 9.0-0 d5. Here, White can try a very interesting piece-
sacrifice. 10.Nexd5!? cxd5 11.Nxd5 Qd8 12.f3. He has an overwhelming lead in development and
wishes to open files for his major pieces as quickly as possible. 12...Nf6 13.fxe4 Nxe4 14.Re1+–

6...Qf7. Black provokes his opponent to sacrifice a piece.

7.Nxe4. It is quite possible for White to sacrifice a piece here. 7...Qe6 8.Bd3 d5 9.Ne5 dxe4 10.Bc4
Qb6 11.Qh5+ g6 12.Bf7+ Ke7 13.Bg5+ Nf6 14.Bxg6 Bg7 15.Bxh7 Rf8 16.Qg6+– Dorer – Stader,

30
Germany 1982.
7.Ne3. This is a quiet move. White transfers his knight to a blocking square in front of the enemy
pawn on e4 and impedes Black’s pawn-advance d4-d5. 7...Nf6 8.Bc4 Be6 9.Bxe6 Qxe6 10.d5 Qf7
11.0-0 Be7 12.f3 exf3 13.Qxf3 Nbd7 14.Nb5±. After the trade of the light-squared bishops, the light
squares in Black’s position are horribly weak.
7.Be2, with the idea to complete the development of the pieces and to evacuate the king away from
the centre. 7...Nf6 8.Bg5 Nbd7 (8...Bf5 9.Ne3 Bg6 10.0-0 c6 11.f3 exf3, Zakurdjaeva – Roeder,
Wuerzburg 2002, 12.Bxf3±) 9.Nb5 Nd5 (Following 9...Kd8, Black will have great problems to
evacuate his king away from the centre. 10.Qd2 Be7, Littlewood – Kindermann, London 1978, 11.0-
0±) 10.Ne3 N7f6, Yudasin – Aravena, New York 2000 (10...N7b6 11.c4 a6 12.Qc2 axb5 13.cxd5 b4
14.Qxe4+ Be7 15.0-0±) 11.Nxd5 Nxd5 12.c4± Black cannot complete the development of his pieces
without suffering some material losses.

7.f3!?
White is following the famous rule: “The side which has the better development, should try to open
the position”.

7.Bf4!? Nf6 8.Ne3 Be7 (8...Qf7 9.Bg5 Be7 10.Bxf6 Bxf6 11.Nxe4± Ki.Georgiev – Lescot, Massy
1995. Black’s two-bishop advantage cannot compensate his sacrificed pawn.) 9.Be2 0-0 10.Bg3 c6
11.d5. White prevents d6-d5. 11...a6 12.a4 c5 13.0-0 (13.Nc4 Nbd7 14.0-0 b6 15.Nxd6 Bxd6
16.Bxd6± Panarin – Jendrian, playchess.com 2005) 13...Rd8, Nevanlinna – Hector, Jyvaskyla 1993,
14.f4±, followed by f4-f5. Black’s position is cramped and his pawns on e4 and d6 are weak.

7...exf3

Following 7...Nf6 8.fxe4 Nxe4 (8...Be7 9.e5 - see 7...Be7) 9.Bd3, Black’s knight will come under a
very unpleasant pin. 9...Bg4 (9...d5? 10.0-0 Bh3, Fruebing – Wuensche, Berlin 2001, 11.Rf2+–)

31
10.Bxe4 Qxe4+ 11.Nxe4 Bxd1 12.Kxd1 d5 13.Bf4 Nc6 14.Ne5 dxe4 15.Nxc6 bxc6 16.Bxc7± Black
is a pawn down and his pawn-structure has been compromised.

After 7...Be7 8.fxe4, Black would not obtain compensation for the pawn. 8...Nf6 (8...Nh6 9.Be3 Nc6
10.Qd2 0-0 11.0-0-0±. White not only has a material advantage, but also a powerful pawn-centre.) 9.e5
Ng4 (9...Ne4 10.Qf3 Nxc3 11.Bd3 Qg4 12.Qxg4 Bxg4 13.bxc3 0-0 14.Rb1± Downey – Trani, Email
2000; after 9...Nh5 10.Bd3 Qxg2 11.Qxh5+ g6 12.Bxg6+ Qxg6 13.Qxg6+ hxg6, Grivainis – Zemitis,
corr. 1970, 14.exd6 Bh4+, White’s king will gradually avoid the checks. 15.Kd2 Bg5+ 16.Kd3 Bf5+
17.Ke2 Bg4+ 18.Kf2 Bh4+ 19.Kg2 0-0 20.Be3±) 10.Bd3 Qh5 11.Nd5 Bh4+ 12.g3 0-0 (12...Bxg3+
13.Kd2+–) 13.Be4! Now, White would not need to worry about the possibility Bxg3. 13...Nc6 14.Nf4
Rxf4 15.Bxf4+– Simmelink - Lannoy, LSS 2009.

8.Qxf3

8...Nf6

8...Be7 9.Nd5 Bd8 10.Bd3±

After 8...Qg4, White should avoid the exchange of the queens: 9.Qf2 Nf6 10.Be2±

8...Nc6 9.Nb5!? White forces immediately Black’s pieces to protect his pawn on c7. (9.d5. This
move seems less energetic for White, but it still leaves him with a stable advantage. 9...Nb4 10.Ne3
Nf6, Dutreeuw – Hector, Geneve 1990, 11.a3 Nxc2+ 12.Nxc2 Qxc2 13.Bd3 Qb3 14.Ne4 Nxe4
15.Qxe4+ Be7 16.Bg5+–; 11...Na6 12.Bd3 Qh5 13.Qxh5+ Nxh5 14.0-0 Nc5 15.Be2 Nf6 16.b4 Ncd7
17.Nb5 Kd8 18.c4±, followed by a transfer of White’s knight along the route d4-e6.) 9...Bg4,
Roberson – Waddington, Bridgend 2019, 10.Qc3 Kd7 (10...Qe6+? 11.Ne3; 10...0-0-0 11.d5 Re8+
12.Ne3+–) 11.d5+–

32
 9.Ne3
White deprives the enemy queen of the g4-square.

9.Bd3 Qg4±

9...c6
Black covers the d5-square against the penetration of the enemy knights.

9...Nc6 10.Bd3 Qh5 (10...Qf7 11.Bc4 Qg6 12.Ned5 Bg4 13.Qe3+ Kd7 14.0-0 Re8 15.Qf2±
Mosconi – Orozco, ICCF 2015) 11.Qxh5+ Nxh5 12.Ned5 Kd8 13.Bg5+. The trade of the queens
would not facilitate Black’s defence. 13...Be7 (13...Ne7? 14.0-0+– Tzermiadianos – Fragiadakis,
Chania 1995) 14.Nxe7 Nxe7 15.Nd5 Nf6 16.Nxf6 gxf6 17.Bxf6 Re8 18.Bxh7+–

10.Bd3

10...Qh5

10...Qf7 11.0-0 Be6 (11...d5 12.Nf5 Bxf5 13.Qxf5± Qd7 14.Qe5+ Kd8 15.Rxf6+– Gheng – Pfaff,
Stuttgart 1998) 12.Ne4 Nbd7 13.Ng5 Qg8 14.Nxe6. White exchanges an important defender of the
enemy king. 14...Qxe6 15.Bf5 Qf7 16.b4. White prepares in advance an attack on the queenside. 16...0-
0-0 (16...Be7 17.Bd2 0-0. Black’s king would not be safe on the kingside either: 18.Rae1 Rae8
19.Qh3+–) 17.b5! With this energetic pawn-sacrifice White open files and begins a decisive attack.
17...cxb5 18.a4 b4 19.a5 Kb8 20.c4 a6 21.Be4 Qh5 22.g4 Qh4 23.Bxb7+– Aldrete Lobo – Rebord,
ICCF 2005.

11.Qg3 Be7

33
 11...Be6 12.0-0 Nbd7, Oskam – Davidson, Netherlands 1926, 13.d5 cxd5 14.Nb5 0-0-0 15.Qe1 a6
16.Qc3+ Nc5 17.Nd4 Kb8 18.b4+–

12.0-0 0-0 13.Bd2 d5 14.Rae1 Re8 15.Nexd5! Nxd5 (15...cxd5 16.Rxe7 Rxe7 17.Rxf6+–) 16.Bg5
Bf8 17.Bc4 Be6 (The move 17...Rxe1 would lead to a catastrophe for Black on the last rank: 18.Qxe1
Qxg5 19.Nxd5 cxd5 20.Qe8+–) 18.Rxe6 Rxe6 19.Nxd5 cxd5 20.Bxd5+– Sanchez Huerga – Nicholls,
ICCF 2013. White regains his rook and ends up with two solid extra pawns.

34
 Chapter 2
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4

In this chapter we will analyse some of the not so popular moves for Black: A) 3...Bg4, B) 3...f5, C)
3...exd4 and D) 3...Nc6.

About 3...Nf6 4.dxe5 – see Chapter 3.

3...Nd7 4.Bc4 – see Chapter 4.

3...Qe7 4.Bc4 Bg4 5.0-0, or 4...h6 5.0-0, or 4...c6 5.0-0, or 4...g6 5.dxe5 – see 2...Qe7.

A) 3...Bg4?! 4.dxe5
Now, Black is faced with a rather unpleasant choice. He must either present his opponent with the
two-bishop advantage, or sacrifice a pawn without obtaining sufficient compensation for it.

35
 abcdefgh
4...Nd7
This is at least the least of evils for him.

4...Bxf3?! 5.Qxf3 dxe5 6.Qb3! From here White’s queen attacks the f7-square, as well as the enemy
pawn on b7. 6...b6 (6...Nd7 7.Qxb7 Ngf6 8.f3±) 7.Bc4 Qd7 (7...Qf6 8.Nc3±) 8.Nc3 c6 9.Bg5 Nf6
10.Rd1 Qc7, Denny – Fidaeyee, Turin 2006, 11.0-0!? White has an overwhelming lead in development.
11...Bd6 12.Bxf6 gxf6 13.Rd3. He not only prepares the doubling of his rooks on the d-file, but also
prepares a quick transfer of his rook to the kingside if Black castles there. 13...0-0 14.Rfd1 Rd8 15.Rh3
b5 16.Nxb5! After this move White’s queen joins into the attack with a decisive effect. 16...cxb5
17.Qg3+ Kf8 18.Bd5 Nc6 19.Rxh7+–

4...Nc6. Black plays this move with the same idea as 4...Nd7, but his knight will be soon pinned on
c6. 5.exd6 Bxd6 (5...cxd6 6.Be2±) 6.h3 Bh5 7.Nc3 Nf6 (about 7...Qe7 8.Bb5 Nf6 9.Bg5 – see 7...Nf6)
8.Bb5 Qe7 9.Bg5 Bb4 10.Bxf6 Qxf6 11.Qd4 Bxc3+ 12.bxc3 Qe6 13.Ne5 0-0 14.Nxc6 bxc6 15.Bc4
Qe7 16.0-0± Both sides have their queenside weakened, but White has an extra pawn after all...

5.exd6 Bxd6 6.Nc3

36
 abcdefgh
6...Ngf6

6...Qe7, Ramkilde – Horslund, Helsingor 2019, 7.Be2 0-0-0 (7...Ngf6 8.Nd4 – see 6...Ngf6) 8.Nd4
Be6 9.0-0± Black has no compensation for the sacrificed pawn.
7.Be2 Qe7 8.Nd4
White has a material advantage, so he should better simplify the position.
8...Bxe2

8...Bc5 9.Bxg4 Nxg4 10.0-0±

Black loses a piece after 8...Nxe4? 9.Nxe4 Qxe4 10.f3+–

9.Qxe2 Bb4 10.0-0 Bxc3 11.bxc3 0-0 12.f3± Mareco – Tristan, Buenos Aires 2011. White’s
queenside pawn-weaknesses cannot compensate sufficiently Black’s material deficit.

B) 3...f5

37
 abcdefgh
This untimely activity would only lead to the weakening of the a2-g8 diagonal. This move was
popular during the age of Paul Morphy, but White found very quickly ways of obtaining an advantage.
Nowadays, this line is almost completely obsolete.

4.exf5 e4
4...Bxf5 5.dxe5 Qe7 6.Nc3 dxe5 7.Bc4± Black’s e5-pawn is weak and his pieces are very badly
developed in comparison to their counterparts.

5.Ng5 Bxf5

5...Nf6 6.f3 Qe7, Dvoirys – West, New York 2000 (6...Bxf5 7.fxe4 Nxe4 8.Bb5+ c6 9.0-0 Nxg5
10.Rxf5± Black’s king is stranded in the centre and will soon become an excellent target for White’s
attacking pieces.) 7.Nc3 Bxf5 (The opening of the e-file – 7...exf3+ would lead immediately to a loss
for Black: 8.Kf2 Bxf5 9.Bb5+ c6 10.Re1+–) 8.Bc4 Bg6 9.fxe4±

6.Nc3 d5

6...Nf6 7.f3 d5 8.fxe4 Nxe4 9.Ncxe4 Qe7 10.Bb5+ Bd7, Hristodorescu – Pessi, Bucharest 1993,
11.0-0+–

7.f3

38
 abcdefgh
7...e3
Here, Black sacrifices a pawn in order to prevent the opening of the position, but he would not obtain
sufficient compensation for it.

Meanwhile, his alternatives lose immediately: 7...Nf6 8.fxe4 dxe4 9.Bc4 Bg6 10.Ne6 Qe7, Stroher –
Tasoko, Florianopolis 2019, 11.0-0+–, or 7...Bb4? 8.fxe4 dxe4 9.Bc4 Bg6 (9...Nh6 10.0-0+–) 10.0-0+–
Hatchett – Turner, Cardiff 2015.

8.Bxe3 h6 9.g4 hxg5 10.gxf5 Bd6 11.Qe2± White not only has extra material, but also an
overwhelming lead in development.

C) 3...exd4 4.Nxd4

39
 abcdefgh
4...g6
Black prepares the development of his bishop to the g7-square, but now, White will attack much
easier on the kingside (h4-h5).

About 4...Nf6 5.Nc3 – see Chapters 6-8.

4...Nc6 5.Bb5 or 4...Bd7 5.Nc3 Nc6 6.Bb5 – see variation D2.

4...Be7 5.Nc3 c6 (5...Nf6 6.g3 – see Chapter 7; 5...Nc6 6.Bb5 Bd7 7.0-0 – see variation D2) 6.g3
Nf6 7.Bg2 0-0 8.0-0 – see Chapter 8, variation A.

4...d5. White has better development, so the opening of the game in the centre would be in his favour.
5.exd5 Qxd5 6.Qe2+ Be7 7.Nb5 Na6 8.N1c3 Qe6 (8...Qf5 9.Be3 Nf6 10.Nd4 Qg6 11.Qb5+ Nd7
12.Bd3 c6 13.Bxg6 cxb5 14.Bd3 b4 15.Nd5 Ndc5, Paulsen – Lepge, Leipzig 1863, 16.Bb5+ Bd7 17.0-
0-0± White’s pieces have been more actively and harmoniously deployed.) 9.Bf4 Nf6. Black sacrifices
a pawn, but evacuates his king away from the centre and completes the development of his pieces.
(9...c6 10.Nd6+ Bxd6 11.Bxd6 Nb8 12.0-0-0 Qxe2 13.Bxe2. There has arisen a transfer into an
endgame, but Black’s lack of castling would hurt him badly. 13...Be6 14.Rhe1 Ne7 15.Bc4 Nf5
16.Ba3+– Stripunsky – Okhotnik, Stare Mesto 1992.) 10.Nxc7+ (10.Bxc7!? 0-0 11.Qxe6 Bxe6
12.Bd6±) 10...Nxc7 11.Bxc7 0-0 12.0-0-0 Bb4 13.Qxe6 Bxe6 14.Bd6 Bxd6 15.Rxd6 Ng4 16.Rd2±
Shabalov – Ganbold, Istanbul 2000. Black has no compensation for the sacrificed pawn.

4...c5. Black ousts the enemy knight away from the centre, but weakens the d5-square. 5.Ne2 Nc6
6.h3 Nf6 7.Nbc3 Be7 8.g3 b6 9.Bg2 Bb7 10.0-0 0-0 11.Nf4² Blatov – Bezgodov, Samara 2002.

5.Nc3 Bg7 6.Be3

40
 6...Nf6

6...Nc6 7.Qd2 – see Chapter 16.

6...Ne7. Black’s knight would not be so active on this square as on f6. In addition, it would not
prevent the enemy pawn-advance h4-h5. 7.Qd2 0-0 (about 7...Nbc6 8.0-0-0 – see Chapter 16) 8.0-0-0
Re8 9.Bh6± White is perfectly prepared to begin a decisive attack against the enemy king by advancing
his h-pawn.

7.Qd2 0-0

About 7...Nc6 8.f3 – see Chapter 16.

8.0-0-0 Re8

About 8...Nc6 9.f3 – see Chapter 16.

9.f3

41
 9...a6

Here, Black had to consider 9...Nc6 10.g4 – see Chapter 16. After his alternatives, his position would
remain rather difficult.

9...Nbd7. This knight will not be so active on this square as on c6. 10.Bh6 Bh8 11.h4 Ne5 (The move
11...Nb6 is too slow: 12.Bg5 h5 13.g4‚) 12.h5 a6 (Following 12...Nxh5 13.Bg5 Bf6, White can try an
interesting exchange-sacrifice. 14.Rxh5! gxh5 15.Bxf6 Qxf6 16.Nd5 Qd8 17.Qh6 Ng6 18.Nf5 Bxf5
19.exf5 Re5. Now, Black would have to give up his knight; otherwise, he would be checkmated after
f5-f6. 20.fxg6 fxg6 21.Bc4 Kh8 22.Qd2± In this middle game White’s two minor pieces seem to be
much more mobile than Black’s rook and two pawns, moreover that his king is vulnerable.) 13.Bg5 b5,
Bryson – Robertson, Aviemore 1997, 14.f4 Neg4 15.Be2 Qd7 16.Bxf6 Nxf6 17.hxg6 fxg6 18.e5!
White frees the h1-a8 diagonal for his bishop and wins the exchange. 18...dxe5 19.fxe5 Rxe5 20.Bf3+–

9...d5. Black inflicts a counter strike in the centre with the idea to deflect the opponent from the
preparation of his kingside attack. 10.Nb3 (10.exd5!? Nxd5 11.Bg5 Qd7 12.Ne4 Nc6 13.Bb5±) 10...c6
11.Bh6 Bh8 12.exd5 cxd5 13.Nxd5 Nc6 14.Nc3± Van Mil – Reinderman, Wijk aan Zee 1999. Black
has no compensation for the sacrificed material.

10.g4 b5

About 10...Nc6 11.Kb1 – see Chapter 16.

11.Bh6!
Now, Black will be incapable of countering the pawn-advance h2-h4 with h7-h5.
11...Bh8 12.h4

42
 12...Bb7

12...b4, Stellwagen – De Heer, Amsterdam 2002, 13.Nce2 a5. Black’s queenside counter attack is
obviously too slow. 14.h5 a4 15.Nf4 b3 16.hxg6!? (Here, White can also choose the more reliable line:
16.a3 bxc2 17.Qxc2+–) 16...bxa2 17.gxf7+ Kxf7 18.Bc4+ Be6 19.Qc3 a1=Q+. Black has managed to
promote his pawn into a queen, but this is everything that he can brag about. 20.Kd2 Qxd1+ 21.Kxd1
Bxc4 22.Qxc4+ d5 23.exd5 Qd6. He prevents d5-d6, but it is well known that the queen is a very poor
blocker. 24.Nb5 Qe5 25.d6+. After the opening of the a2-g8 diagonal Black’s position crumbles.
25...Re6 26.Nxe6 Qxe6 27.Qxe6+ Kxe6 28.Nxc7+–

13.h5 Nbd7 14.hxg6 fxg6 15.g5 Nh5

43
 16.Rxh5! gxh5 17.Bh3. Black has an extra exchange indeed, but he is incapable of defending the
numerous weaknesses in his position. 17...Ne5 18.Nd5 Bc8, Povah – Van der Weide, Ramsgate 1979,
19.Qg2. White’s queen joins into the attack. 19...Bxh3 20.Qxh3 c6 21.Nf6+ (After the opening of the
g-file, White’s rook also joins into the attack.) 21...Bxf6 22.gxf6 Qxf6 23.Nf5+–

D) 3...Nc6

We will analyse in details D1) 4.Nc3 and D2) 4.Bb5.

He has another possibility – to capture 4.dxe5 and after 4...Nxe5, White has a rarely played line,
which provides him with a clear advantage: 5.Nd4, followed by f2-f4. The principled position arises
after 4...dxe5 5.Qxd8 Kxd8, but Black would not mind entering it, which means that he must be well
prepared for it. If White is not well experienced in playing such an endgame with numerous pieces, he
should better avoid it. It is very complicated and despite the fact that the computer programs consider it
to be definitely in favour of White, this evaluation is rather questionable.

D1) 4.Nc3

44
 abcdefgh
4...Bg4

About 4...Nf6 5.Bb5 – see Chapter 18.

4...exd4 5.Nxd4 Nf6 (5...Bd7 6.Bb5 or 5...Be7 6.Bb5 Bd7 7.0-0 – see variation D2) 6.Bb5 – see
Chapter 18.

Following 4...Be7, White can clarify advantageously the pawn-structure in the centre. 5.dxe5!?

5...dxe5 6.Qxd8+ Bxd8 7.Bb5 f6 8.Bxc6+!? This is White’s simplest move. He compromises his
opponent’s queenside pawn-structure. Black’s two-bishop advantage would not be so important, since
the position would remain rather closed. 8...bxc6 9.Be3 Ne7, Piskur – Vospernik, Rogaska Slatina

45
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Composition, Presswork and Binding
L. H. JENKINS
Richmond, Virginia
 Transcriber’s Notes
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