AAHL-Algebra [131 marks]

1.

(a) Show that log9 (cos 2𝑥 + 2) = log3 √cos 2𝑥 + 2. [3]

𝜋
(b) Hence or otherwise solve log3 (2 sin 𝑥) = log9 (cos 2𝑥 + 2) for 0 < 𝑥 < 2 .

2.

(a) Use the binomial theorem to expand (cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃)4 . Give your answer in the form 𝑎 +
𝑏𝑖 where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are expressed in terms of sin 𝜃 and cos 𝜃. [3]

cot4 𝜃−6 cot2 𝜃+1

(b) Use de Moivre’s theorem and the result from part (a) to show that cot 4𝜃 = .
4 cot3 𝜃−4 cot 𝜃

[5]

(c) Use the identity from part (b) to show that the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 1 = 0 has
𝜋 3𝜋
roots cot2 8 and cot2 8
.

[5]

3𝜋
(d) Hence find the exact value of cot2 8
.

[4]

𝜋 3𝜋
(e) Deduce a quadratic equation with integer coefficients, having roots 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 8
and 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 8
.

[3]
3.
36
Consider 𝑃(𝑧) = 4𝑚 − 𝑚𝑧 + 𝑚 𝑧 2 − 𝑧 3 , where 𝑧 ∈ ℂ and 𝑚 ∈ ℝ+ .

Given that 𝑧 − 3𝑖 is a factor of 𝑃(𝑧), find the roots of 𝑃(𝑧) = 0.

[6]

4.

Consider the arithmetic sequence 𝑢1 , 𝑢2 , 𝑢3 , … .

The sum of the first 𝑛 terms of this sequence is given by 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 4𝑛.

[N/A]

[[N/A]]

(a.ii) Given that 𝑆6 = 60, find 𝑢6 .

[2]

(a.i) Find the sum of the first five terms.

[2]

(b) Find 𝑢1 .

[2]

(c) Hence or otherwise, write an expression for 𝑢𝑛 in terms of 𝑛.

[3]

Consider a geometric sequence, 𝑣𝑛 , where 𝑣2 = 𝑢1 and 𝑣4 = 𝑢6 .

(d) Find the possible values of the common ratio, 𝑟.

[3]

(e) Given that 𝑣99 < 0, find 𝑣5 . [2]

5.
𝑛
𝑟 1
Use mathematical induction to prove that Σ = 1 − (𝑛+1)! for all integers 𝑛 ≥ 1.
𝑟=1 (𝑟+1)!

[7]

6.

Let 𝑧𝑛 be the complex number defined as 𝑧𝑛 = (𝑛2 + 𝑛 + 1) + i for 𝑛 ∈ ℕ.

(a.i) Find arg(𝑧0 ). [2]

(a.ii) Write down an expression for arg(𝑧𝑛 ) in terms of 𝑛.

[1]

Let 𝑤𝑛 = 𝑧0 𝑧1 𝑧2 𝑧3 … 𝑧𝑛−1 𝑧𝑛 for 𝑛 ∈ ℕ.

𝑎+𝑏
(b.i) Show that arctan (𝑎) + arctan (𝑏) = arctan ( ) for 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ+ , 𝑎𝑏 < 1.
1−𝑎𝑏

[2]

(b.ii) Hence or otherwise, show that arg(𝑤1 ) = arctan (2).

[3]

(c) Prove by mathematical induction that arg(𝑤𝑛 ) = arctan(𝑛 + 1) for 𝑛 ∈ ℕ.

[10]
7.

Consider the equation 𝑧 4 + 𝑝𝑧 3 + 54𝑧 2 − 108𝑧 + 80 = 0 where 𝑧 ∈ ℂ and 𝑝 ∈ ℝ.

Three of the roots of the equation are 3 + i, 𝛼 and 𝛼 2 , where 𝛼 ∈ ℝ.

(a) By considering the product of all the roots of the equation, find the value of 𝛼.

[4]

(b) Find the value of 𝑝.

[3]

8.

Consider integers 𝑎 and 𝑏 such that 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 is exactly divisible by 4. Prove by

contradiction that 𝑎 and 𝑏 cannot both be odd.

[6]

9.
1
Consider the series ln 𝑥 + 𝑝 ln 𝑥 + 3 ln 𝑥 + ⋯, where 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 > 1 and 𝑝 ∈ ℝ, 𝑝 ≠ 0.

Consider the case where the series is geometric.

1
(a.i) Show that 𝑝 = ± .
√3

[2]

(a.ii) Hence or otherwise, show that the series is convergent.

[1]
 (a.iii) Given that 𝑝 > 0 and 𝑆∞ = 3 + √3, find the value of 𝑥.

[3]

Now consider the case where the series is arithmetic with common difference 𝑑.
2
(b.i) Show that 𝑝 = 3.

[3]

(b.ii) Write down 𝑑 in the form 𝑘 ln 𝑥, where 𝑘 ∈ ℚ.

[1]

1
(b.iii) The sum of the first 𝑛 terms of the series is ln (𝑥 3 ).

Find the value of 𝑛.

[8]

10.

Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥 where 𝑥, 𝑎 ∈ ℝ and 𝑥 > 0, 𝑎 > 1.

2
The graph of 𝑓 contains the point (3 , 4).

(a) Show that 𝑎 = 8.

[2]

(b) Write down an expression for 𝑓 −1 (𝑥).

[1]
 (c) Find the value of 𝑓 −1 (√32).

[3]

Consider the arithmetic sequence log8 27 , log8 𝑝 , log8 𝑞 , log8 125 , where 𝑝 > 1 and 𝑞 > 1.

(d.i) Show that 27, 𝑝, 𝑞 and 125 are four consecutive terms in a geometric sequence.

[4]

(d.ii) Find the value of 𝑝 and the value of 𝑞.

[5]

11.
1
Solve the equation log3 √𝑥 = 2 log + log3 (4𝑥 3 ), where 𝑥 > 0.
23

[5]

12.
1
Consider the expression − √1 − 𝑥 where 𝑎 ∈ ℚ, 𝑎 ≠ 0.
√1+𝑎𝑥

The binomial expansion of this expression, in ascending powers of 𝑥, as far as the term in 𝑥 2 is
4𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 2 , where 𝑏 ∈ ℚ.

(a) Find the value of 𝑎 and the value of 𝑏.

[6]

(b) State the restriction which must be placed on 𝑥 for this expansion to be valid.

[1]

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