AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH

Faculty of Science & Technology

Department of Mathematics
MAT2202: Matrices, Vectors and Fourier Analysis (CSE/COE/EEE) (Sections: All)

Total Marks: 40 Final Examination Time: 2 hours

1. Express 𝒖 = (13, −16, 1) as a linear combination of 𝒖𝟏 = (1, −2, 3 ), 4

𝒖𝟐 = (−2, 4, 2), and 𝒖𝟑 = (3, −1, −2).

2. Answer any Three of the following questions: 3× 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟓

a) 1
Find the directional derivative of the scalar function 𝑇(𝑟, ϕ, 𝑧) = 2 𝑟 3 𝑧 2 tan ϕ at the point
𝜋
(2, , ̂.
3) in the direction r̂ + ϕ
4
b) Transform vector 𝐀 = 𝑥̂ (𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝑦̂ (𝑦 − 𝑥) + 𝑧̂ 𝑧 at the point 𝑝 = (2√2, −2√2, 2)
to cylindrical coordinates.
c) Check whether the vector field 𝐀 = R ̂ cos2ϕ is conservative or
̂ (𝑅𝑒 −𝑅 ) + θ̂ sin θ + ϕ
𝑅

solenoidal or both.
d) Find the Laplacian of the scalar function 𝑇 = 𝑥 2+ 𝑦2 + 𝑧 2 .
𝑥𝑦𝑧

3. Answer any One of the following questions: 𝟏×𝟕= 𝟕

a) A vector field 𝐀 = r̂ 𝑟 3 exists in the region between two concentric cylindrical surfaces
defined by 𝑟 = 1 and 𝑟 = 3, with both cylinders extending between 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = 4.
Verify the divergence theorem for this vector field.

b) For the vector field 𝐀 = x̂ 𝑥𝑧 − ŷ 𝑧 2 − ẑ 𝑥𝑦𝑧, verify the divergence theorem by

computing (a) the total outward flux flowing through the surface of a cube centered at the
origin and with sides equal to 3 units each and parallel to the Cartesian axes, (b) the
integral of 𝛁 ∙ 𝐀 over the cube’s volume.

4. Answer any One of the following questions: 𝟏×𝟕= 𝟕

a) Verify Stokes’s theorem for the vector field, 𝐀 = R ̂ sin 𝜃 by evaluating it on the
̂ cos 𝜃 + ϕ
hemisphere of unit radius.

b) For the vector field 𝐀 = x̂ 𝑥𝑦 − ŷ (𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 ), verify the Stokes theorem by computing

⬚ ⬚
(a) ∮𝑐 𝐀 ∙ 𝑑𝐥 around the triangular contour given in the following page, (b) ∫𝑠 (𝛁 × 𝐀) ∙
𝑑𝐬 over triangular arc.

1
5. Answer any One of the following questions: 𝟕

a) 1 1 1
Let 𝐴 = [ 6 5 4] be a matrix.
13 10 8
i) Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem, and ii) find 𝐴−1 using Cayley-Hamilton theorem.

b) Using eigenvalues and eigenvectors solve the following system of differential equations:
𝑥̇ (𝑡) = 𝑥1 (𝑡) + 2 𝑥2 (𝑡)
{ 1 , with 𝑥1 (0) = 1, 𝑥2 (0) = −1,
𝑥̇2 (𝑡) = 2 𝑥1 (𝑡) + 𝑥2 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
where 𝑥̇1 (𝑡) = 1 and 𝑥̇2 (𝑡) = 2.
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

“Useful Formulae”
In terms of curvilinear coordinates the gradient of a scalar function 𝑇(𝑢1 , 𝑢2 , 𝑢3 ) is given by
û1 𝜕𝑇 û2 𝜕𝑇 û3 𝜕𝑇
gradT = 𝛁 T = + + ∙
ℎ1 𝜕𝑢1 ℎ2 𝜕𝑢2 ℎ3 𝜕𝑢3
The divergence and the curl of 𝐀 are given by
1 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
div 𝐀 = 𝛁 ∙ 𝐀 = [ (𝐴1 ℎ2 ℎ3 ) + (ℎ1 𝐴2 ℎ3 ) + (ℎ ℎ 𝐴 )],
ℎ1 ℎ2 ℎ3 𝜕𝑢1 𝜕𝑢2 𝜕𝑢3 1 2 3
û1 ℎ1 û2 ℎ2 û3 ℎ3
1 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
and curl 𝐀 = 𝛁 × 𝐀 = ℎ | 𝜕𝑢1 𝜕𝑢2 𝜕𝑢3
|,
1 ℎ2 ℎ3
ℎ1 𝐴1 ℎ2 𝐴2 ℎ3 𝐴3

where 𝐀 = û1 𝐴1 (𝑢1, 𝑢2 , 𝑢3 ) + û2 𝐴2 (𝑢1, 𝑢2 , 𝑢3 ) + û3 𝐴3 (𝑢1, 𝑢2 , 𝑢3 ).

The End

1. Express 𝒖 = (1, −2, 5) as a linear combination of 𝒖𝟏 = (1,1 ,1 ), 𝒖𝟐 = (1, 2, 3 ), and

𝒖𝟑 = (2, −1, 1). Or

Check the linear dependency of the vectors 𝒖𝟏 = (3, 0 , 1, −1 ), 𝒖𝟐 = (2, −1, 0 ,1), and 𝒖𝟑 =
(1, 1, 1, −2 ).

2
2. Answer any Three of the following:
a) Transform the vector 𝑩 = R̂ sin 𝜃 + θ̂ cos 𝜃 + ϕ
̂ cos 2 𝜙 from spherical coordinates to
Cartesian coordinates.
b) Find the directional derivative (D. D.) of 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑧 at the point (1, 0, 2 ) in the
direction 𝐝 = x̂ − 2ŷ − 6 ẑ .
sin ϕ
c) Check whether the vector field 𝐀 = r̂ ̂ cos2ϕ is solenoidal.
+ϕ
𝑧 𝑟
d) Find the Laplacian of the scalar function 𝑇 = 10 e−𝑅 sin 𝜃.

3. Answer any Two of the following:

a) Given 𝑨 = x̂ 𝑥 2 + ŷ 𝑥𝑦 + ẑ 𝑦𝑧,verify the divergence theorem over a cube having one unit on
each side. The cube is situated in the first octant of the Cartesian coordinate system with one
corner at the origin.
b) Assume that a vector field 𝐀 = r̂ 𝑟 cos ϕ + ϕ ̂ sin ϕ, (a) find ∮⬚ 𝐀 ∙ 𝑑𝐥 over the semicircular
𝑐
⬚
contour, and (b) find ∫𝑠 (𝛁 × 𝐀) ∙ 𝑑𝐬 over the surface of the semicircle.

⬚
c) Assume that a vector field 𝐀 = x̂(2𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + ŷ(𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 ), (a) find ∮𝑐 𝐀 ∙ 𝑑𝐥 around the
⬚
triangular contour, (b) find ∫𝑠 (𝛁 × 𝐀) ∙ 𝑑𝐬 over triangular arc, (c) verify Stokes’s theorem and (d)
can 𝐀 be expressed as gradient of a scalar? Explain.

4. Answer any One of the following:

2 0 1
a) Let 𝐴 = [ 7 3 4] be a matrix.
−5 2 6

i) Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem. ii) Find 𝐴−1 using Cayley-Hamilton theorem.

3
 b) Using eigenvalues and eigenvectors solve the following system of differential
𝑥 ̇ (𝑡) = −5𝑥1(𝑡) + 𝑥2 (𝑡)
equations: { 1 with 𝑥1 (0) = 1, 𝑥2 (0) = 2.
𝑥2̇ (𝑡) = 4𝑥1 (𝑡) − 2𝑥2 (𝑡)

The End

1. Express 𝒖 = (6, 20, 2) as a linear combination of 𝒖𝟏 = (1,2 ,3 ), 𝒖𝟐 = (1, 3, −2 ), 4

and 𝒖𝟑 = (1, 4, 1).
OR
Check the linear dependency of the vectors 𝒖𝟏 = (3, 0 , 1, −1 ), 𝒖𝟐 = (2, −1, 0 ,1),
and 𝒖𝟑 = (1, 1, 1, −2 ).

2. Answer any Three of the following: 5×3=15

̂ cos 2 𝜃 from cylindrical coordinates to
a) Transform the vector 𝑩 = r̂ + ϕ
spherical coordinates.
1
b) Find the directional derivative (D. D.) of 𝑇(𝑅, 𝜃, ϕ) = 𝑅 cos 2 𝜃at the point
𝜋 𝜋
(1, 4 , 2 ) in the direction −𝜃̂ .

̂(𝑅 − sin 𝜃)
c) Check whether the vector field 𝐀 = R is solenoidal.
2
d) Find the Laplacian of the scalar functionT = 𝑅3 cosθsinϕ ∙

3. Answer any Two of the following:

7×2=14
̂ 3𝑅 , evalute both sides the divergence theorem for the
a) For the vector field 𝐴 = R 2

region enclosed between spharical shells defined by 𝑅 = 1 and 𝑅 = 2.

̂ sin ϕ, (a) find ∮ 𝐀 ∙ 𝑑𝐥 over the path

b) Assume that a vector field 𝐀 = r̂ cos ϕ + ϕ 𝑐
comprising a quarter section of a circle, and (b) find ∫𝑠(𝛁 × 𝐀) ∙ 𝑑𝐬 over the surface of
the quarter section.

⬚
c) Suppose 𝐀 = x̂ 𝑥𝑦 − ŷ(𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 ) is a vector field, (a) find ∮𝑐 𝐀 ∙ 𝑑𝐥 around the triangular
4
 ⬚
contour, (b) find ∫𝑠 (𝛁 × 𝐀) ∙ 𝑑𝐬 over triangular arc,(c) verify Stoke’s theorm.

4. Answer any One of the following:

2 0 1
a) Let 𝐴 = [−2 3 4] be a matrix.
−5 5 6

i) Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem. ii) Find 𝐴−1 using Cayley-Hamilton theorem.

b) Using eigenvalues and eigenvectors solve the following system of differential

𝑥 ̇ (𝑡) = 𝑥1 (𝑡) + 2𝑥2 (𝑡)
equations: { 1 with 𝑥1 (0) = 0, 𝑥2 (0) = −4.
𝑥2̇ (𝑡) = 3𝑥1(𝑡) + 2𝑥2 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
where 𝑥1̇ (𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡1 and 𝑥2̇ (𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡2.