DIN 19704 HYDRAULIC STEEL STRUCTURES e DIN 19704— MAY 1998 — HYDRAULIC STEEL STRUCTURES — PART 1 — DESIGN ANALYSIS e DIN 19704— MAY 1998 —- HYDRAULIC STEEL STRUCTURES — PART 2 — DETAILING AND FABRICATION e DIN 19704 — MAY 1998 —- HYDRAULIC STEEL STRUCTURES — PART 3 — ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT e DIN 19704 — SEPTEMBER 1976 — HYDRAULIC STEEL STRUCTURES EREN NUVEYRE MORELMANUSCRIPT TRANSLATION May 1998 Hydraulic steel structures Part 4: Design analysis So z | ak © x ° 4-1 Ics 98.140; 13.160 Descriptors: Hydraulic steel structures, water engineering, design analysis. ‘Stzhiwasserbauten ~ Toll 1: Berechnungsgrundlagen in keeping with current practice in standards published by the International Organization for Standardization ('80), a. comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker. Contents 7 Foreword +1 3. Accidental actions ...... 53.1 Leaking of air chambore 4 Bropesss- +2 53.2. Transpor, erection end ropair 2 Normative references +8 54 Other action et 54.1 Gates with double-acting drive 3 Documentation: «= & 5.4.2 Blockage by foreign bodies 2 3.1 Stoel structures a8 ig Accidental action of a drive in the case 32 Machinery .... “5 of a malfunotion 2s... 3 4 Materiate +8 6 Friction... 41° Steol structures 8 81 General ras 42 Seals . 68 82° Sliding fiction. 42.4 Elastomers . 6 6.3 Stotic fiction... 422 Plastics o +8 64 Rolling triton 423 Timber 20... 8 64.1 Rolling bearings 42.4 Nonferrous metals 7 642 Wheels on rails 43° Machinery ...... 7 64.3 Wheel flange friction 14 5 Characteristic values of actions for T Analysis of steel structures .. n steel structures . 7 7 7.1 Scope of analyses coe waa 5.1. Permanent actions 7 7.2 Analysis of offeots of actions ss. ss... 14 Ee! Vendo ceees 7 7.8 Analysis of resistances ay 5.21. Hydrostatic actions 7 4 PfOcedure ss... secrseee ed? 5.22 Hydrodynamic actions 7 7:8 Ultimate limit siate analysis |) 12 5.2.8 Water load . 4 AeS Botoaleenne zi 1 Bey Nee ead © } 752 Stability analysis Diouncle 4 7.5.3 Analysis of positional stabilly |...) 12 See PE RCEONE iecciustersnnnzaeuieers FGA Ratner ante et oy 213 2:26 Imposed loads ...-....-.... @ LS. Serviceabilty limit state analysis 1 “13 52.7 Fotces due to inertia ot Tet oeme 2 5.2.8 Changes in aupport conditions § feo Booman 3 5.2.8 Thermal effects § 763 Closing pressure v2. liss sss ssi8 5.2.10 Ship friction £ 7.7. Further provisions NTs 5.2.11 Ship impact . ~ $ 7.7.1 Beams with wide flanges 13 $2.48 Wind load sevice seevssenvesseee 9 77.2 Design of plates in bending 13 5.2.19 Tow-rope pulling forces on bollards ... © 7.73 Cutoute in plato. 8 5.2.14 Pressure of fresh concrete seseees © 7.74 Rails... 4 ‘Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst Incase of doubt the Garman-anguagocrigira shoud be corauited as the authontatve tex, ‘This standard, together with DIN 19704-2 ang DIN 19704-3, May 1998 editions, supersedes DIN 19704 and DIN 19708, Septem- ber 1976 editions. Continued on pages 2 to 28. Rel, No. DIN 19704-1 : 1998-05,Page2 DIN 19704-1 2000-00 8 Characteristic values for actions 10.9.2 Interference fits . on machinery . 14, 10.9.3 Involute spline joints . % 8.1 General mae 14 10.9.4 Ring cone locking assemblies . 82. Determining drive forcae 2.11, tillisc44 10.10 Toothed gearing 88 Dive power .....esssessessesecsseest8 1011 Worm gesring senieyyaves 8.4 Characteristic values of maximum 10.12 Plain bearings made from nonferrous transmitted forces ses cece cece eso 18 casting allot csesesesessren ees an 22 8.5 Hydraulic drives ssssssee16 10.13 Plain bearings made from composite 85. Basie of ealoultion |... sss AG material with sot tubicant 23 8.5.2 Determining design operating 10.14 Spherical plain radial bearings 23, POSSUIES,on-sueneeevernecrevsccrvsnd® 10:18- Eve bers; cham piston and ove Glos oa 8.53 Determining static prossure in the 10.18 Chain joints .- veldieten aed hydraulic cylinder or motor . 10.17 Rod ends eee 25 85.4 Oil prossure limit valuea 40.18. Pinion racks, pinion chains and ooar 85.5 Provoure limiter -- racks sviisevees Te f8 BB ev 10.19 Rolling becrings soo) Ser ee eR reas 1020 Rope drives SUT es 2 seer 1021 Rope wheels, rope dius and 2.3 Analysis of effects of actions Gomponsating roles onsen 25 oF a ee 1022 Whesls, guide rors, rire dato dogs and rails... BSH Araijan al suosees or sid” 10.28 Axes and hingo beite oa 19 1024 Holealeprings = 25.2 Stability analysis 000000 ilag 10.28. Oise springs 9.5.3 Fatloue assessment OO" TEBETOTS: 9.5.4 Serviceabiity limit state analysis 19 (0 Abalysis of special machine EpaEN Abad seams 29 Basie critotia for fatigue assessment ......,...27 tot General iB aa Gates inintandwaters scenes sar 10.2 Hycraulic éylinciaes sn29 Alt Lock gates 10.2.1 Standardized oylinders ...0200..)1.1.20 12 Ship Ift gatos = t 10.2.2 Siress enalysis for static loading ......20 1-8 Ship lift troughs . serene 27 19.2.8 Analysis of buckling strength ....).21.20 Al. Welr gates... cee PB 102° Hydraulic pipes «se... 21 A1.S Floodgates and safety gates ge 10.4 Hydraulic components 1.21 A416 Gates of pumping stations ..... 21. .28 10:8 Electric motors .....-sscstlositse21 2 Gates in coastal waters... 28 10.6 Brakes...) 21 A2A Tidal range : avennonanee 10.7 Couplings 2b A282 Leck gates |)” creer 10.8 Shafts 000120! sri.21 A28 Flocd gates and barrage gaies |... 28 10.9 Shatt-to-hub ‘cannéstions 21 AB Gates of dams end hydroelectric power 10.9.1 Keyad shefts and splinas at plants . Meehan senaoren 28 Foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee Stahwesserbau of the Normeneusschud Wesser- wesen (Water Practice Standards Gemmittec). Amendments This standard differs from DIN 18704 and DIN 19705, September 1976 editions, in that these standards have boon completely revised and combined into one standard which includes a new safety concert besed on ultimate limit state, Provious editions DIN 19704: 1958-06, 1963-12, 1976-09; DIN 19708: 1963-12, 1976-08. 1 Scope ‘This standard contains specifications for the design of hydraulic steal structures comprising the structures as such and their assaciated machinery and electrical equipment, The structures comprise gate bodies with seals and bearings, drives and linkaga sloments (connecting gates and drives).Page 3 DIN 19704-1 :2000-00 This stancard covers inspection gates and equipment such as intake trashracks, floating bollards and impact protection facilities, an canal bridges. it may also be applied by analogy to pressure pipes and their fittings. Itdoes not apply to dolphins, lead-in jottics, waterfront structures, landing stages andotf-shore structures (2.0, off-shore platforms and lifting platforms). When designing small gates subject to minor loads fe. less than 0,5 bar/m? for water pressure acting on the skin plate), the requirements of this standard need not be complied with if the client so agrees. The specifications relating to steel structures shall apply to structures subject to loads due to stil er flowing waters. They cover both the movable elements and the ‘fixed parts (Le. parts that are firmly connected to the Solid structure), such es sleepers and contact faces. Structural staclwork erected in conjunction with hydrauife Steel structures, but not subject to loading due to water pressure, shall be designed and constructed as specified in the relevant regulations or codes of practice. The specifications relating to machinery cover the machinery required for moving or supporting gates. They comprise mechanical and hydraulic drives (i.e. drivos using oil as the ‘luid fer power transmission), manual avg auniliary drives, machine housings and frames, covers of gate shafis under pressure, wheels and guide rollers and thoit rails, dogs, plain beatings and locking mechanisms tor gates, chains, ropes, pinion racks, tooth rack and linkage elements. Pins for connecting machine components to steel structures and axlos (including the associated bores) shall be regarded as machine components for the purposes of this standard. NOTE 1: Soe DIN 4048-1, DIN 4045-2 and DIN 4054 for terminology relating to water engineesing in general Further specifications relating to dams are given in DIN18700-10, DIN 19700-11. DIN 1970012, BIN 18700-13, and DIN 1700-14. 2 Normative references This standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from ather publications. These norma- tive references are cited at the approoriaie places in the text and the fitlas of the publications are iisied below, For dated references, subsequent amendment to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies, DIN 115-1 Power transmission olements ~ Clamp couplings ~ Dimensions, torques and speeds DIN 116 Power transmission elements ~ Flange couplings - Dimensions, torques and speeds DIN 732-1 Rolling bearings - Thermal reference epeed ~ Design and coeticients"| DIN 732-2 Rolling bearings ~ Thermally parmissible operating speed — Design and coefficients") DIN 740-2 Powar transmission engineering — Flexible couplings - Concepts end design principles DIN748-1 Cylindrical shaft ends ~ Dimensions and nominal torques DIN 748-3 Cylindrical shaft ends for rotating electric machinery DIN 7056-4 Design loads for structures ~ Imposed loads ~ Wind loads on structures not susceptible to vibration DIN1072 Road and foot bridges ~ Design loads DIN 2089-1 Holical compression springs made from found wire or rod ~ Design DIN2092 Designing conical disc springs DIN 2093 Dimensions and quality of ccnical disc springs DIN 2413-1 Design of steel pressure pipes DIN 2413-2 Design of steel bonds used in pressure pipes BIN 6980 Concepts and parameters relating to cylindrical gears and cylindsical gear paies Supplement | Concepts and parameters relating to cylindrical gears and cylindrical gear pars ~ List of to DIN 3960 equations DIN 3981 Tolerances tor cylindrical gears ~ Principles DIN 9962-1 Tolerances for cylindrical gears ~ Tolerances for specified errors DIN 9902-2 Tolerances for cylindrical gears ~ Tolerances for helix errors DIN 8962-3. Tolerances for oyfindrical goars — Tolerances for pitch range deviations DIN 9969 Tolerances for cylindrical gears ~ Tolerances for composite errors DINS964 Axle distances and axle bearing tolerances for oylindrical gear transmission cases DIN 9965-1 Accuracy of bevel gears ~ Principles DIN 3965-2 Accuracy of bevel gears ~ Toleranoas for individual errors DIN 9965-8 Accuracy of bevel gears ~ Tolerances for composite errors DIN 3965-4 Accuracy of bevel gears ~ Tolerances for shaft angle errors andl commen apex errors *) Currenily at draft stage.Page 4 DIN 19704-1: 2000-00 DIN 3967 DIN 3990-1 DIN 3¢90.2 DIN 3390-3 DIN 3990-4 DIN 3990-5 DIN 3990-8 DIN 3990-11 DIN 3990-12 DIN 3e90-21 DIN 3991-4 DIN 3991-2 DIN 391-3 DIN 901-4 DIN 4048-1 DIN 4048.2 DIN 4054 DIN 4768 DIN 5480 series DIN 7190 DIN 15020-1 DIN 15431 DIN 18434-1 DIN 15434-3 DIN 18218 DIN 1880-1 DIN 1800-2 DIN 18800-3 DIN 188c0-4 DIN 18809 DIN 1970-10 IN 13700-11 DIN 19700-12 DIN 19700-13, BIN 19700-14 BIN 19703 DIN 19704-2 DIN 19704-8 DIN 24333 DIN V ENV 4992-14 DIN V ENY 1993-1-1 DIN VENY 1995-1-1 DIN EN 10003-1 DIN EN 1088-1 DIN EN 10088-2 *) Cur Systom of fits for transmissions ~ Backlash, thickness deviations, and tooth thickness tolerances ~ Principles Designing the load capacity of cyindrical gears — Introduction and general parameters Designing the load capacity of oylindiical gzers ~ Calcutation of pitting resistance Designing the load capacity of oylindrical gears ~ Caloulation of roct strength Designing the load capacity of cylindrical gears — Calculation of scuffing load capacity Designing the load capacity of oylindrical gears —Fatique strength and material quaitiss Dasigning the load capacity of cylindrical gears ~ Calculation of service strength Designing the load capacity of cylincrical gears — Application standard for industrial transmissions - Detailed method Dosigning the load capacity of cylindrical gears ~ Application standerd tor industrial transmissions ~ Simplified method Designing the load capacity of cylindrical gears ~ Application standard for high-speed transmissions and transmissions subject to similar requirements Designing the load capacity of bevel gears without sheft offset —Introcuction and gen- eral factors Designing the load capacity of bevel gears without shat offset ~ Calculation of pitting resistance Designing the load capacity of bevel gears without shaft offset ~ Calculation of root strenath Designing the load capacity of bevel gars without axle offset — Calculation of scuting resistance Water engineering ~ Tarminology ~ Dam plants Water engingering ~ Terminology ~ Water power plants Navigation structures ~ Terminology Determination of surface roughness parameters Ry, Ry, Raa USING electne stylus in- struments ~ Concepts and measuring conditions Involute spline joints interference fits ~ Principles and design Rope drives - Design prineiples Power tranemiscion engineering ~ Main dimensions of brake drums Power transmission engineering ~ Design principles for drum and dlise brakes Power transmission engineering ~ Emorgoney atop brakes — Safety requirements") Pressure of fresh concrete on vertical formwork Structural steelwork ~ Design and construction Struotural steelwork ~ Safety agains! buckling of linear members and frames Structural steelwork ~ Safety against buckling af plates Structural steelwork ~ Safety agains! buckling of shells Stoel road and foot bridges ~ Dimensioning, design and construction Dam plants ~ Genoral specifications Dam plants ~ Dams Dam plants ~ Flow cantrol reservoirs Dam plants ~ Weirs Dam plants - Pumped storage reservoirs Looks for inland waterways ~ Design and equipment, Hydraulic stee! structures ~ Detailing and fabrication Hydraulic steel structures ~ Elecirical equipment Fluid power ~ 260 bar hydraulic cylinders - Mounting dimensions Design of concrete structures ~ General tules and tules for buildings Design of steel structures ~ General sules and rules for buildings Design of timbor structures - General rules and rules for buildings Metallic materiats ~ Brinell hardness test — Test method Stainless steels ~ Part 1: List of stainless stools Steinless steels ~ Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for general purpose sheet/plate and strip. nily at drafl stage,Page 5 DIN 19704-1 :2000-00 DIN EN 1088-3 Stainless stoels ~ Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for general purpose se: products, bars, rods and sections DINEN 10204 Inspection documents for metallic products (includes Amandment A 1 : 1995} DINEN 60204-1 Safety of machinery ~ Electrical equipment of machines ~ General requirements (mocified version of IEG 204-1 : 1992) 180 76:1987 Rolling beatings - Static load ratings '$0 281: 1990 Rolling beatings ~ Dynamic load ratings and rating lite 1SO 3505-1: 1997 Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainloss steel fastencre ~ Part 1: Bolte, screws and siuds 180 3508-2: 1997 Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners ~ Pari 2: Nuts 'S0 3505-3 : 1987 Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steal factonore — Part &: Set screws and similar fasteners aot under tensile strose 'S0 4008: 1991 Mezsurement of fluid flow in closed conduits ~ Vocabulary and symbols 180 4384-1: 1982 Plain bearings ~ Hardness testing of bearing motals - Part !: Compound materials 180 4964-2 | 1982 Plain bearings: Hardness testing of bearing metals ~ Part 2: Solid materials DASt-Richtlinie (DASt Code of practice) 17 Beulsicharheitsnachweis for Schalen; Spozielle Faile (Buckling of shells ~ Special cases)" Anpassungsiichttinie Stahlbau ~ Anpassungsrichttinie zu DIN, 18800 Tell 1 bis 4 (Goce of practice covering the use of DIN 18B00-1 to DIN 16800-4)"") EAU 1996, Empfohlungen dos Arbeitsausschusses Ufereintassungen (Recommendations of the Technical Committee Ufereinfassungem), 1986") References to DIN 19704-2 and DIN 19704-3 are to the May 1998 editions, and, references to the standards of the DIN 18800 series sre to the November 1990 editions, inished 3 Documentation 3.1 Steel structures Documentation as stated in clause 2 of DIN 1880-1 shall be submitted. Drawings shall include information on form and position tolerancas, The client shall specify whether weld Inspection plars are required. ‘Any erection aids to be permanently attached to the steel structures (2.9. for fixing rope shackles) challbe shown in the drawings. 3.2 Machinery The documentation specified in DIN 6800-1 shall be supplemented by the folowing: a) a descriptive and performance specification’ b) diagrams showing opening and closing procedures (e.g. force/distance diagrams, and, for hydraulic transmission, the volume flow); ©} calculations of drive outputs stating motion times, speeds, etficiencies and, for hycraulic transmission, Pressures; ) a structural analysis; €) assembly and detail drawings, and parts lists with details of materials and surface roughness parameters; f)_ material data sheets issued by the manufacturer, or DIN EN 10204 inspection documents if non-stan- dardized materials are used; @) technical data sheats or DIN EN 10204 inspection documents for machine compenerits or machinery supplied as standard products (e.g. gears, actuator drives, pumps}; h) ciroult diagrams of hydraulic drives anc associated parts lists with designations and details of manufac- ture i) documentation as in DIN EN 60204-1 for the electiical equipment; }) operating instructions, maintenance schedules, instructions ralating to inspection. Iehall bo the client's reaponsibility to specify the types of inspection documents. “4 Obtainable from Stahtbaw-Verlagsgeselischalt mbH, Sohnstiafe 65, 40237 Dusseldor!, Germany. *") Obtainable trom Vedag Emst & Soha, Mathlenstrae 33-34, 13187 Bedin, Germany.Page DIN 19704-1 :2000-00, 4 Materials 4A Steel structures The characteristic material values for unalloyed structural oicel, cast steel and fasteners shall be taken from DIN 1880-1 ‘The characteristic values for common stainless steels are given in tables 1 and 2. When intended to he used in sea or brackish water, stainless steels shall contain at least 2 % molybdenum. 42 Seals 4.24 Elastomers The material cheracterstics of elastomers on the basis of natural rubber (NA), styrone-butadiene rubber (SER) and chloroprene rubber (CR) shall be taken from table 8 of DIN 19704-2, and those of other elastomers. rom manufacturers’ data sheets. 42.2 Plastics Thematerial characteristics of polymer materials {¢.g, polyamide (PA) and polysthylene (PE)) shall be taken from manutacturers’ data sheets. 4.2.3 Timber - In the case of frictionally connected solid timber seals, the stresses occurring under the desian actions shall not exceed two-thirds of the reduced design resistances specified for utilization class 3 in DIN VENV 1998.1 1 NOTE: this reduction takes into account the lower resistance of timber when exposed to water permanently oF ovar prolonged perieds ‘Table 1: Characteristic values for stainless steels ven iximan) 0296 12% | rane stew loathed Derigntonsein | angi scouee| eee | Ts ss ; No] ontetocs:r'y | Matfal RSaUr | Bt | sent ade ees seer omen cave ale a wir [indi inkbiine|_ Has nnn ne ve = i)] 207 | 520) | a 1 | eemiesa | rasor [55253] 209 | 807 ey 160 = 75!) | 2001) 500) a A r : 2 | xeonmis-0 cet | E08] aed | 50 Tey 160 3 | xocrNiMeTH7-12-2 | sas | =,78) | 2209 | 8209 | osc | sooao9 5260) | 200) | 500% Rrate:| HR = 759 | 600% | 220% 4 14408 | 2509 | 5505 | zooq | 229 1033 enti = 75) | 400) | 40H | 8 | monmenmesis | wate | Sin | aie | od | ae 130 i KAT GRAB.) 4.40574 | = 1605 | 6004 | 900% | 2959 | 25000 | e000 | too 2) For hot-rolieé steel sheet, plate and str. 2) For semictinished products, bare and sections ®) For quonehed and tempered steel sheet and plate (27 84) 2 Fer quenched anc tempered semicfinished products. bars and sections (QT 760). 5) For quenched and tempered semi-finished products, bare and sections (QT 600), §) For annealed semi-finished products, bars and sections. Table 2: Characteristic values of etainless steel bolts dritargy, Yield stress, Tensile strength Steel groups asin 180.9806 | Strength class | Maximum | fais faa in Nénm? in Nim? - i so | Maa 210 500 A2and Ad 7 M20 450 700 80 M20 00 800Page 7 DIN 19704-1 = 2000-00 4.2.4 Nonferrous metals The material characteristics of nonferrous metals shall be taken from the relevant standards or manufacturers’ data sheets, 43 Machinery The material constants (e.g. the modulus of elasticity) and the characteristic strengths of values for materials sed for machine componenis shall be taken from the relevant matarial standards (ese tables 1 and 2 for stainless steels) or, in the case of non-standardized materiale, they shell be taken from manufacturers’ data sheets of be covered by incpection documents, ‘The yield stress, f,, 0,2 % proof stress, fo, and tensile strength. f, specified shall be assumed tobe charaé- teristic values, ‘The dapondance of the material characteristics on the component thickness and, where appiicable, on heat ‘treatment oF ambient temperatures prevalling at the location of use shall be taken into account 5 Characteristic values for actions on steel structures 5. Permanent actions The following densities shall be used to determino sel-weight: steel, cast steel, copper alloys: +10? kg/m; aluminium alloys: 2.65 - 108 kof: plastics = 1445 108 ka/m%s timber = 1,00 10° kg/m’. Unless a more accurate analysis is made, coatings, any adhering water, adhering ive, vegetation and dirt shall be taken into account by acing an allowance of 10% of the self-weight of the gate, 5.2. Variable actions 5.2.1 Hydrostatic actions When determining the rated water level (to be specified by the client), wind set-up may need to be taken into account, The following densities of freshwater and seawater shall be applied: freshwater: 2 = 1,00 - 10° kgim seawater: @= 1,04 - 102 kg/m, Uplift shall be taken into account for all parts submerged in the water, §.2.2 Hydrodynamic actions The following actions shall be taken into account, details of which shall be provided by the client: 2) overflow or undertiow at the gate; b) swell and suction; ©) pressure surge ) wave prossure on gates in inland waters; ©] wave pressure on gates in coastal waie'S') (due to ratlecting, breaking or broken waves\: 4} ellect of propelior wash from ships Items b), ) and) may be taken into account by assuming « ciflerent hydrostatic water pressure The actions may be determined by means of model tests 6.2.9 Water load [he water load resulting from the displacemant of water caused bya moving gate or water loads in action during lifting of a gata shall be taken into account. 5.2.4 leo load ‘The exposed part of an ice block on or within the gate shall be treated as acting vertically, The magnitude and frequency of occurrence shall be specified by the clisnt. The donsity of ioe, @, may be taken as 0,70 107 kg/m. 6.2.8 lee pres: Unless more detailed data are available, ice pressure, inclucing ice impact, shall bs assumed to act in addition to the static water pressure. This pressure shall bo taken to bs an aroa load, pp, acting in horizonial direction, and shall be taken to be 150 ktl/m? in inland areas and 250 kN/m? in coastal Stoas, | For the purposes of this standard, coastal waters cover the entire German North Gea and Dallic Sea coast, including the islands, mouths of rivore and firths,Page 8 DIN 19704-1 : 2000-00 Ininland areas, 2 minimum ico thickness, fig, equal to 0, m shall be assumed. In coastal areas, ice thicknesses can vary botween 0,6 m (moderate) and 0,6 m (substantial). The ice thickness to be assumed shall be specified by the client. The ice pressure shall be assumed to act in relation to the ice thickness balow the water level as shown in figure 1. The ice pressure zcting on a sloping skin plate shall be dotermined in accordance with figure 2, using atiction coofficiont, 4, of 0,1 On no account shall these loads be reduced. even where anti-icing facilities such as heaters or similar equip- ment are provided. Fer the sake of convenience when calculating the steel structure forming the gate, the ice pressure may bataken as aline load, py ° fig, acting at water |eve! When desigring the skin platos anc thoir stiffeners, the surface load due to ice pressure may be reduced byhalf if twice the ice thickness is aseumed, in the case of inspection gates, it shall be the responsibility of the client to specify whother ice pressure needs to be taken into account, and if so, its magnitude When checking the skin plate of gates with underflow for adequate local stiffness, a horizontal line load of 90 kN/m shall be assumed to act at the bottom edge, irrespective of the water pressure. 5.2.6 Imposed loads For walkways, a load of 2.5 kN/m? and for handrails a load of 0,5 kN/mat raitheight'shall be assumed, Imposed loads shall ba {akon from DIN 1072 where traffic over the gate Is to Be taken into Consideration (e.9, where the gate is of the sliding type). Imposed loads for covers of pits, channels etc. shall be specified by the client. 5.2.7 Forces due to inertia Where accoleration rates referred to the centioid of the gate are less than 0,5 m/s2, forces due to inertia of the gate may be neglected, This does not apply to slevable gates with rigidly connected count rweights. Figure 1: Application of ico proseure on a vertical skin plate Per=Pesin a Per =H Py cosa Figure 2: Ice pressure acting on a sloping skin platePage 9 DIN 19704-1 : 2000-00 8.2.8 Changes in support conditions Where the support conditions for gates ars staticelly indeterminate, the influence of fabrication and erection inaccuracies shall be taken into account (see substause 5.2 Of DIN 19704-2), Changes in the support conditions shall be taken into account by considering the settloment and deformation likely to occur in the foundations, the appropriate valuies for which are to be spocifiod by the eliont, Uneven settlement and deformation shall be minimized by selecting a suitable system for the solid structure and its foundation. The gate system shall be selected with the anticipated deformations in mind. 5.2.9 Thermal effects ‘The following temperature fluctuations (uniformly present over the surface of the gate) shall be assumed: a) gates temporarily lifted out of water in their entirety or substantially: 35K: b) gates in contact with water on one side: +20 K; ©) gates partially in contact with water on both sides: d) completely submerged gates: +10 K {hn addition, for cases s) and b) a temperature gradient of 20K across the thickness of the gate leaf shall be ascumod, Uniform temperature fluctuations shall only be considered together with temperature gradionte if this would have an unfavourable effect on the gate. 2.10. Ship friction Providedocel conditions do not impose different assumptions, a horizontal load of 100 kN shall be used to take into account ship friction (e.g. on epened mitre gates and ship basins) at the water line, perpencicular to the direction of travel and, simultaneously, a horizontal load of 5D kN in the direction of travel Inthe case of other hydraulic steel structures, it shall be the responsibilty of the client to specily whether loads are to include ship friction, anc if so, in what magnituds. 20K: 5.2.11 Ship impact Wohip impact needs to be taken into account at tock and ship lift gates, impact protection facilities, which are not to be attached to the gate, shall be provided for absorbing this impact. Load assumptions for impact Protection facilities shall be taken from DIN 19703. 5.2.12 Wind toad Wind load need not be considered when caloulating gate structures. To determine the driving forces and enable docign of the appropriate machinery (see clause 6), the assumptions from DIN 1055-4 shall be used for wird load acting on the gate The wind toad, WW, shall be the product of the aerodynamic force coofticient, op the hydrodynamis pressure, @, and the projection surface of the gate normal to the wind dirostion, A (ie. W = c,-q-A). Whore gates ap exposed to wind above the level of the ground), ¢, shall bo taken te be as specified in subclause 1.3. Por gates which are protected against wind beneath the level of the ground (e.g. lock chambers), ¢ shall be taken to bs 0.5. I shall be the responsiaiity of the client to specity the relevant hydrodynamic pressure Wind effects on portals or similar structures shall be determined using the load ascumptione from DIN 1056-4. 82.18 Tow-rope pulling forces on bollards Tow-tope pulling forces on bollarcsforintend waterway vessels sia be taken from DIN 18703. For sea vessels, the tow-rope pulling forces on bollards shail be taken from Recommendation E12 of EAU 1996, 5.2.14 Pressure of fresh concrete The pressure of fresh concrete on embedded parts shall he taken into account as spocifiod in DIN 16018 5.8 Accidental actions $3.1 Leaking of air chambers Any leaking of air chambers shall be taken into account. Where there is more than one air chamber, leaking of two adjacent air chambers at the most unfavourable places shall be assumed, It shall be the responsibilty of the clisnt to specity whether the operation of the lock is tobe continued in the case ofleakage or whather a single ‘movement of the gate to a repair position is to be assumed. 5.3.2 Transport, erection and repair Any actions due to transport, erection and repair shall be considered (this also includes prossure testing of hollow bodies at z test pressure of at least 0,3 bar) 5.4 Other action 5.4.1. Gates with double-acting drive 'tshall be the responsibility af the client to spacify the load situation to be assumed (see table'6) for cases when a gate with double-acting drive fails and the gate requires still o be moved, and which of the following modes applies:Page 10 DIN 19704-1 : 2000-00 2) gate movenont is to be atopped, followed by a movement of the gate to repair posit 1) the gate is temporanly driven from one side only. 5.4.2 Blockage by foreign bodies If blockage of the gate by foreign bodies (a.g. entrapped flotsam, bedioad, freezing up) Is to be taken into account, it shall be the responsibility of the client to specify the load case as in table 5. NOTE: The design does not in all cases preclude local damage to the gate 5.5 Accidental action of a drive in the case of a malfunction When the drive operates in abnormal conditions (e.g. when the gate is blocked as aresultof jamming or treszing up), the maximum drive forces or torques acting on the gate shallbe basedon the assumptions made in clause & and subclause 9.8 and using load case 3 as in table 5. 6 Friction 0.1 General ‘Tha frictional forces and moments a friction coefficients below. If other fict be subject to agreement. In subclauses 6.2 to 6.4.3, the maximum values shall bo applied if frictional forces or moments have an adverse effact, and the minimum values if their effect is favourable, Intermediate values shall not be usec, Where gates are to be lowered for closing without the aid of a mechanical drive, it shall be ensured that this can be done safely by increasing by 25 % the frictional forces determined using the maximum friction costiicieats, 1g on the steel structures and machinery shall be determined using the " coefficients are tobe seg, these shall be of proven suitability or shall 6.2. Sliding friction Tables and 4 specity fiction coofficients for spoods up to approximately 50 min/s, table3 gives those forstee! strictures (2.9. sliding gates and slide tracks) with a high surface roughness (.e. where the arithmetical mean deviation of the profile, R,, (6. 80 4006) is between 3 ym and 15 pm), and table 4 gives the friction coefficients {or machine components (e.g. spherical plain radial beerings, pivot bearings, pivot bearings and sprocket chains) of low surface rouchness (ie, with an R, value betwaen 0,1 pm and 0,8 uml, and for mitre brackets “Tho offoct of sliding ttiction (or rolling friction, ef. subclause 6.4) on shaft beatings, gears, etc. may be estab- lished by using their efficiencies, Le. without applying table 4. 6.3. Static friction Static tretion shall be taken into account fit has an adverse effect. The static friction cootficients, jp, may be calculated by muttiplying the 1 values wih the 1,/j ratios from tables $ and 4 6.4 Rolling triction 644 Rolling bearings A triction coefficient, 4, equal to 0,003 shall be applied for rolling bearings. NOTE: This (notional friction caefficient can be used to calculate the rolling friction moment referrad to the moan radius of tho pitch circle, ry by means of the equation M = Fp, "Tq (E being the whoel load) Table 8: Friction coefficients for steel structures ; Sliding fiction eoetficiont, » (wet) Material combination yyrratio Minimum | Maximum Hel Steol/tea! | 020 0,98 i Steel/eopper alloy : 00 0,90) i Stainless stee/polyamide (PAGG + PE) ot8 12 Stainless steevpolyethylene (PE-UHMM) oro | 12 SteeV/elastomer 0,80 10 [ot hardiness about 60 to 70 Shore A) Stocl/elastomer with PTFE costing 0.10 010 10 {he Hy Value for stesliconcrata is equal to 0.4Page 11 DIN 19704-1 : 2000-00 Table 4: Friction cootficients for machinery Sliding fiction ooetficient, p Material combination by Wet Lubricated were Minimum | Meximum | Minimum | Maximum | Minimum | Maximum Steolistee! oto | ots 0,10 0.15 002 0,05 4 Stealecpperaty| aio [ois [oro | os | 092 | aos WW Stainless steel? self-lubricating G12 O15 0,03 0,10 - 10 copzer alloy 6.4.2. Wheels on rai he ling friction coefficient 4.5, shall be obtained by calculating j/R (where R is the radius of the wheol and fis the lever arm of the ralting friction), with # equal to 0,5 mm for steel with a Brinell harcness of not more then USL HES anc 0.2 mm for otoel with a Brinell harcness of not less than 300 HBS. Intermosiate values may te 108, 1 being the numberof rolling contacts isnot greater 6 Characteristic values for actions on machinery 841 General Forthedesian of machine components, gates shallbe assumedito bo in their most unfavourable position, tekhng into account the same load cases as for the otoa! structure (cf. table 5). Gates can be assumed to be at resto moving (at constent, accelerating or deceleraling speed), {shall be verified that, assuming the highest possible loads transmitted on the drive side (see subclauses 5.4.2 and 5.5), the values of actions donot excoed the rosistances of the machine components ane thested! structure forming the gate. 82 Determining drive forces The charecteristic values of loads or moments 2s a result of the following shall be determined 2) actions on the steel structure as set out in subclauses 5,1, 5.2.1 to 5.2.5, 8.2.42, and (where ppticable) subclauses 5.9 and §.4; 5) self weight of the connecting etements between drive and gate and self-weight of the rollers and guido. ways; ¢) friction from roting equipment and guideways, as set out in clause 6; 4) fiction as in table 3; ®) friction of sprocket chains, pinion drives, rope drives and hinges; ) forces due to inertia (see subclause 5.2.7); 9) any non-uniform distribution of loads in the casa of gates with double-acting drives, and in particular Gates of high torsional stiffness with a horizontal axie of rotation, In the cass of electromechanical drives, determination of mass forces shell be based on the assumption of motor and braking torques as in service. I required, the effects of auxiiary equipment that may limit torques (29 start-up couplings, frequency converters, thyristor controllers and overload protection devices), and the eflects of emergency cut-offs and power lose shall also be taken into accountPage 15 DIN 19704-1 : 2000-00, Block rail Sleeper Hertzian contact face Notional concrete area in compression Figure 4: Raile (notetion) Inthe case of hydraulic drives, the forces due to inoria may be ignored when designing machine components igiven the presence of pressurs-rolict valves). t shall be the responsibility of the clieat to specify any braking distances or braking times to be considered 8.3 Drive power [fe drive power required shall be determined on the basis of the motion times of the gate as specified by the clien! and the characteristic values of actions taken from subslause 8.2. Generally accepted valves shalloe ised {or efficiencies and frictional losses of machine components (referances to the relevant iterature heing pro- vided), On the basis of the values required for tho drive power, torque and force, the nominal motor torque of electro- mechanical drives of, for hydraulic drives (hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic pumas, hydraulic motors). design operating pressures as in subciause 5.5, shall De used. In the case of electric motors controlled by frequency converters, the nominal motor torque selected shall be at least 5 % greater than the required drive torque, In tie case of hycraulic dives, the design aperating pressure in the system, py», (cf. subslause 8.6.2.2) ahell be increased by at least § % when determining the electiie motors to bo electedPage 16 DIN 19704-1 : 2000-00 Manually opeiated drives shall be designed so that the continuaus power does notexceed 80 Nm/s. The manual force should not exceed 80 N to 100N per person, and 250 N over the short ‘erm, 8.4 Characteristic values of maximum transmitted forces The actions of drives such as the stalling torque of the motor, the braking torque or the set values of pressure~ relief valves (to be secured by sealing) in hycraulic systems shall be considered as controlled variable actons. These shall be inctuded in the design calculations as charactar'stic values of the maximum forces transmitted The reaction to these forces shall be analysed for all essential machine comporonte requiring ultimate state atalysis (excluding fatigue assessment), comprising the connection with the steel structure forming the gate or, if required, up to its supports (eee clause 8). Were electromechanical drives with overload protection or electric motors controlled by frequency converters are used, the highest torque that can be set (.e. the maximum drive torque) may be used instoad of the stalling torque in the ultimate state analysis (excluding fatique assesoment) of the machine components, Instead of the highest theoretical torque, the torque actually set may also be used in the ultimate state analysis if Ws is maintained by seating and cannot be exceeded during installation, repair or maintonance wore The torque set should be at least 25 % higher than the required drive torque as in subsiause 8.3, In cases where the drives of gates with double-acting drive are electrically or mechanically synchronized, the maximum possible imbalance of drive forces shall be taken into account 8.5 Hydraulic drives 8.5.1 Basis of esleulation The following provisions apply to drive systems using hydraulic cylinders or hydraulic motors, When considering service conditions (movament or halting of the gate), the determination of the design oper ating pressures, py, shall be based on the characteristic values of permanent and variable actions 23 in subslause 6.2. The drive system shall shut down automatically if accidental actions as set out in subciause 5.9 or 5.5 occur whila the gate is maving, {Fit is necessary to take into account accidental actions as in subclause 5.4, or other actions as in eubclause 9.4 (lo be specified by the client), as aresult of which the hydraulic cyinder or motorie oubjoct to sireases higher than those occurring during operation, the associated static procoure, p,., (see subclause €.6.) shall be determined to supplement the ultimate state finit analysis (excluding fatigue assessment) for the ‘haliing of the gate’ load case. 8.5.2 Determining design operating pressures A distinction shall be mace between the dasian operating pressures in the hydraulic evindar er moter and those elsewhere in the system (se subclauses 8.5.2.1 and 8.5.2.2), 8.5.2.1 Design operating pressure in the hydraulic eylinder or motor Pressure in hydraulic oylinders or motors is composed of the following componen a] Pressure component 1, 1. the oll pressure acting on the effective area of the piston, obtained from tho characteristic values of actions and, whereapplicable, the sol-weight of tho cylinder barrel or the piston ad. If in the case of doubie-acting hydraulic cylinders, both pistons are subjected alteinately to pressure, the dasign operating pressure chall be determined for both pistons, bj Pressure component 2, Le. any existing loading or supply pressures acting on the rear effective area of the piston (pressure increase or reduction). I the direction of action changes during = movement, the pistons shall be hydraulically pressurized on either sido. ©) Pressure component3, j.e.losses due to friction caused by seals and guideways in the hydraulic eylinder. ) Pressure component 4, Le. pressure lossesin the pipework and manifolds, caused by cil returning to the reservoir, The sum of pressure components 1 to 4 gives the design operating pressure in the hydraulic eylinder or motor, Pp, and the corresponding value at which the pressure-relief valve DV1 (see figure 5) is recuired to be vet (the actual pressure setting, max pp, being 10 % higher, Le. max py = 1.1-py (2)) and is to be sealed), The design operating pressure in the hycrauic motor shall be determined as the ratio! therequired drive torque {0 tho torque of the hydraulic motor related to the pressure. 8.6.2.2 Design operating pressure elsewhere in the systom ‘In addition to pressure components 1 to 4, the following shall be taken into account. a) Pressure component 5, i.e. pressure losses in the pipework on the pressure side. ) Pressure component 6, 1-2, pressure losses in open and closed loop contral equipment, and in control blocks. Pressure components 4, § and 6 shall be datermined with an oll viscosity at the lowest anticipated ambient tomparatura, which, in the open, will generally be 25 “C.Page 17 DIN 19704-1: 2000-00 The cum of pressure components + to 6 gives the design operating pressure elsewhere In the System, Pa a. ‘ond the corresponding value al which pressure-reliet valve DV2 is required to be set ithe actual setting sik 10% higher, Le. maz Py ge = 111 “Pp, ap (3)) and is to be sealed]. 8.5.3 Determining static pressure in the hydraulic cylinder or motor When considering the ‘halting of the gate! load cose, static pressure in the hydraulic cylinder, up of prosoure component 1 end, insome cases, pressure component2 (ci. subclause 8.5.2.1) components may be ignored. The pressure inctease in tha hydraulic eylinder or motor in the accidental load case shall be limited by insta- tation of a pressure-raliof valvo (DV3), sot at a value, maa peu, oy) QUAI 10 141 - Pag, on (4) Pega cg IS made Othe pressure 2.5.4 Oil proscure limit values 8.5.4.1 Limit values in normal operation Hydraulic crives shall be designed so that the values at which pressure-reliof valves DV1 and £V2 are set, max py, and max py, , fespectively, do not exceed 260 bar. The proof pressure, Ppeop shall be not less than 1,3 max py, a. (5), with a maximum of 326 bar. 8.5.4.2 Limit values in the cago of a malfunction The value at which valve DV3, to be mounted to the hydraulic cylinder or motor, is to be sot shall not oxceed 900 bar. For accidental load cases, valve DV1 does not become operative. 858 Pressure limiter Whore a pressure limiter with electrical pressure release is provided, it shall be setat aresponse value, p,, equal t0 0,95. maz pr (0), where max pp Is the set value ot valve DVI asin subciause 8.5.2.1 v3 bys Piston chamber, unpressurized Piston chamber, prossurized Electrical pressure limiter Pressure side To reservoir pews Figure 5: Location of pressure-relief valves on a single-acting single rod eylinder (example)Page 18 DIN 19704-1 : 2000-00 9 Analysis of machinery 94 General The design of machinery shall bear in mind the need for adequate loadbearing capacity, fatigue strength, reliability and low woar, taking into account the requirements relating to design and fabrication as in DIN 19704-2 and electiical equipment as in DIN 19704-3, Machine components shall be designed by elastic theory. 9.2 Scope of analyses Ultimate limit state analysis (including otros analysis for static loading, stability analysis and fatigue assess- ‘ment is required for loadbearing machine components andtheir fasteners. Asa ru, utimate limit state analysis is also to include serviceability limit state analysis. Special machine components (2.9. gear whcols and chain joints) may need to be designed taking Into account Wear, dimensional ctobilty (e.g. fr long shafts), resistance to iracture (e.g. for rope drives) or stability (0.9, for slender hydraulic cylinders, pinions anc linkage) 93 Analysis of effects of actions In ultimate limit state analysis (excluding fatigue assessment) of the machine components contained in me- chanical, hydraulic, emergency and manval drives, stresses shall be determined on the basis of the design values of actions, The characteristic values of the maximum forces transmitted (cf. subclause 8.4} multiplied by the partial safoty factors, yp, from table 6 design values shall be taken as the design valuas, Each of the abtions listed in table 6 chall be considered separately assuming y aqulal to untiy. For all machine components net subject to direct loading from the dives (@.9. wheels, quide rollers, dogs, hinges, pivot bearings and locking mechanisms). ultimate lit stata analysis shall bo carried out based on tre design values of the same actions and load cases as are required in the analysis of steel structures, Since the most unfavourable values thus obtained already include factor yp and coeifcient y trom table 5. they canbe used as the dasign offecte of actions. ‘The design values of the actions on lateral guides (whoels, rollers, skids and their springs) specified in sub- clause 2.1 of DIN 19704-2 resull fom the requirement that lateral guides have to Fold or reset the gate loa specified position fin which case hydrostatic and hydrodynamic actions on the skin plate and friction on totter sills may be neglected), For each wheel, roller or skid, at least 5 % of the design value of the permanent load fon the gate, but not less than 10 KN, should be assumed, 9.4 Calculation of resistances Galoulation of resistances of machine components shall be based an the data from subelause 4.9, Thedesign values atthe vole stress f, 4,01 the0,2 % proof stress, fy 4 Sill Detaken asthe resistance, whore faas= hdr (2) 274 fog a= foal (0) dosumming a valuo of 18 for With the exception of high-strength bolts, the yield stress or 0,2 9% proof stress used in the calculations shall Act exceed 70% of the tensile strongth. Table 6: Partial safety factors, yp, for actions of drives no. | Type of action tk 1_| Drive torque of mechanical drives, limited by auxiliary equipment’) 1.98 2c | Btling tetgue vig abeinls 138 3. [Design operating prossure in tho hydraulic system for gewvice conditions, lated to the sat] 1.36 values of valves DV1 and DV2 - | 4 | Drive torques of emergency and manual drives _ 8_| Motor stalling torque _ - 1.10 9_| Braking torque in an emergency stop or accidental action (e.g. power loss) 1.40 7] Maximum eporating pressure in the hydraulie cylinder or motor in the caso ofan aovidental | 1.10 action, related to the set value of valve DVS ) See subclause 8.2.Page 19 DIN 19704-1 : 2000-00 9.5 Ultimate limit state analysis 9.5.1 Analysis of stresses under static loading Astress analysis of machine components under stating loading conditions chall bo provided, It shall be verified that the stresses, essuming the design values of the actions specified in subclause 9.3, do not exceed f, 40° fy 4 88 In Subclause 8.4, ignoring local peak stresses as a result of impact Inthe analysis of mechanical and hydraulic drives, the product of yp and yy (of. subclauses 9.9 and 9.4) may bbe reduced by 10 % for static loads when considering accidental load cases. 9.5.2 Stability analysis Vihen analysing the stability of machine components, DIN 1600-2, DIN 12800-3 and DIN 1€800-4 shall apply by analogy, using partial safety factors, 1, as in subclause 9.3 and caleuiating the resistence capacity using 8 yy valuo of 1,6 9.5.8 Fotigue assessment 9.53.1 General For machins compenents made of stee!, it shall be verified that the fatigue strength is sufficient to accommo- date loads from the actions specified in subciause 8.2, that are anticipated to occur during nocmal operation. The service liie of machine components and their electrical equipment, with the exception of parte cubject to wear le.g. ropes and bushes of sprockat chains), shall be assumed to be 86 jears, and the anticipated collective stress shall bo taken into account for the fatigue assessment. ‘The service life of parts subject to wear may be specified by the client. The collective stress for rotating machine componente shall bo determined taking into account the number of sirese cycles (number of revolutions). A fatigue assessment is not required where the total number of stress cycles is 10 or loss, ‘The fatigue assessment shall include the amplitudes of longitudinal stress, Ag and of shear sires, r, to be calculated from tha nominal svesses as in subclause 9.5.3.3 or from the notch stresses asin subclause &.5,3.4. When calculating stress amplitudes, the reactions toloads or moments (as in subclause 8.2) shall bo determined for allessential machine components, starting with the motor, and their connections, and theas taken es design values In the calculation, a damage-equivalent constant stress amplitude may be substituted for variable stress amplitudes. For fatiguo assessment, actions of the drives shall be assigned a partial safety factor, yp, equal to unlly. The came factor chall be used in the fatigue assessment of machine components that are fot Subject to direct loading from the drives (see subciause 9.3). 9.5.8.2. Fallgue strength The design values of fatigue strength (1.6. the acceptable stress amplitudes) shall be obtained as follows og 4 = 80K, he °) Ata = te Me (10) where dog, pand Asp j.are the characteristic velues of fatigue strength and y4q shall be taken to be equal to 135 9.5.3.3 Analysis based on nominal stress amplitudes The difference betwocn the maximum and minimum nominal stresses shall be taken as stress amplitudes Ao ond Ar (calculated according to elastic theory, ignoring any notch effect) at the relevant point of the cross. section under consideration. Fatigue assessment may be omitted if eithor Aa S 26/ yy aNd AT S 36/4 (nt) N £ 5-108. [26/(yyy-Aal}® or N = 104-[O0Ayyy Ail, 2) with Ag and Ar in Niro. Otherwise, it shall be verified that Avand At do not exceed the Ag g and Ary q values as in subclause 9.5.3.2. Tho dag , and Arg y values shall be used taking into account the relevant detall category and making reference to the lligrature used (e.g, the detall category tables in DIN V ENV 1993-1-1). NOTE: In the analysis considering nominal stress amplitudes, the influence of poak streases a8 a result of the local geometry (notches) of the structural member is inoluded in the detail category lables. 8.5.8.4 Analysis based on noteh stress amplitudes It the local geometry of components is not allowed for in detail category tables, the maximum and minimumPage 20 DIN 19704-1 : 2000-00 Notch stresses {peak stresses) shall be determined, and Ag and Ax shall be established as the difference between these, using concentration factors a, where relevant, patigue assessment ofnon-welded machine components made from unalloyed or low. alloy structural steel may be dispensed with if: Bo S TT yg 2nd Ae < 46% pq (19) N 2 8-109. (197i: Adlf or 1 10°- 146A yye ANP, 4) with Aoand Ar in Nimm?, Otherwise. an approximate method may be used to verify that the amplitudes Agand Ar of the notch stresses do not exceed the Avg, 4 and Az, y values as in subolause 9.5.3.2, 2. AOS Adg g ANG ATS Ary g (15) As an altemative, fatigue assessment may be made substituting for the full amplitudes of the notch stresses, these amplitudes reduced by the ratio of the fatiguettector, A, to the stress concentration tactorya, 26 follows: Ao: Bla, $ Ao, gand At Bila, < Atm (16) The faluzs of hetunnotched material shall be used as characteisis values of fatiguo strenath, Aop panda 4, NG fi, (which shall not be greater than «,) shall bo uced making reference to the relevant lnvatac £~ + Serviceabilty limit state analysis Ifa serviceability limit state analysis is required for machine components (e.g. in cases where there arerestie- fons on deformations or when determining wear rates}, analysis shall be based on tho charactodatle values (sing 7% equal to unity) of the loads or moments as in subclause 8.2, and the resistances shall be calculated with Yo equal to 1,0 10 Analysis of special machine components 10.1 General When determining the stresses and resistance capacities of the special machine components covarsd in Subciauses 10.2 to 10.26, clause 9 shall be applicable unless otherwise specified in the following, ti special machine componente ars designed cn the basis of global safety factors, Shall bo used instead of the product of y and 7y as in clause 8. In ths case, the stresses resulting from the characteristic values trom clause 5 end subclause 8.4 (cf.tables § and6) shallbe compared with the parmivelble Nalucs (i. the characteristic values of the resistances divided by S). ignoring partial eafaty factors and cent bination factors. instead of a strass analysis, a comparison of other physioal parameters (e.g, of outputs, torques or oparating hours) may be made. {1 crive assemblies as specified in subclause 10.7 of DIN 19704-2 are used for small gates subject to minor loads, an inspection douement as undor itom g) of subclause 9.2 may be provided instead of carrying out an 10.2 Hydraulic cylinders 10.2.4 Stendardized cylinders Analysis is not required for hydraulic cylinders sonfomiing to DIN 24339, which have no influence on the motion of the gate and are with pistons 126 mm or less in diarrwter, 10.2.2 Stroes analysis for otatic loading Design of the cylinder barrel shall be based on DIN 241-1 The analysis assuming service conditions shall use safety factors, S, taken trom table of DIN 241-1, load Case | increased by 40 9%. These factors shall also be used instead of the product of yy and py to lakeaccount 9 abnormal load cases as a result of a malfunction 10.2.3 Analysis of buekting strength For slander hydraulic cylindors, the buckling strength shall be verfied by second order thoory as set ou DIN 18800-2 the safety factor of the notional buckling load (see DIN 18B00-2), 0s not greater than 10. When calculating the smallest notional buckling lozd, Ny, by elactic theory, the system corsisting of the gylinder bare! and piston rad may, for convenience, bo assumed to consist of two camponents of different cross sections The analysis shalt take the following into account:Page 21 DIN 19704-1 : 2050-00 a) an equivalent initial bow imperfaction in the form of one sinusoidal half-wave witha maximum deviation, ig, equal to L/300 (whore Lis the distance between the joint axes), to cover the cleatance of the piston and piston rod guide and the manufacturing tolerances (e.g, including cylinder wall thicknesses): b) bending as a result of bearing friction in the rod ends; ©} the design self-weight in the case of a non-vertical axis. ‘The piston and piston tod guide shall be analysed for comprassion. 103 Hydraulic pipes For the design of hydraulic pipes, DIN 2419-1 end DIN 2415-2 shall be used, with the same safety factors ag subslause 10.2.2. ‘Analysis is not required for pipes designed for a maximum operating pressure, maz pyy of 26 bat. 10.4 Hydraulic components Hydraulic components such as hydraulic pumps, hydraulic motors, standardized hydraulic cyinders, and open and closed loop contrel devices, shall be selected so that the nominal operating pressure according to the manufacturer's data sheeisisat least 25 % higher than the design operating pressure, masp, ...te subelaure 85.2. 105 Electric motors Drive motors shall be selected s0 that. within the range from etandetil to nominal speed, the motor torque Is higher than the relevant characteristic valuo of the momentas in subclause 8.2, in order to ensure tat the motes starts up and runs at constant speed when the gate Is at any position, 10.5 Brakes Brakes shall be designed in accordance with DIN 15431 and DIN 1434-1, The required braking toraue, erf M,, is obtained from the characteristic values of the moment (including any braking torques of rotated or linearly moved masses; cf. subclause 8.2), referred to the brake shart. Forservice brakes, the braking torque of the moved mass may usually be taken to be 10 % of tho moment due toaload at rest. Itmay vary asa function of the braking distancos or times specified by the client, ot depending on the dynamics of the braking process, Holding brakes shail be selected so t higher then the design braking torque, Constant deceleration during the braking time may be cssumed. at minimum friction, the actual braking torque is at least 2,5 times 10.7 Couplings DIN 115-4, DIN 116 and DIN 740-2 shall apply with respect to clamping, flange and flexibie couplings. 10.8 Shafts DIN 748-1 and DIN 748-3 shall apply with respect to grooved shalt ends. For shafts with a ratio of span to diameter of §0 or moro, the angle of torsion shall be calculated, with 20 angular minutes per metre permitted under the characteristic values of actions, Inthe case of fast rotating shatts, the critical speed and, if required, the effect of the speed on the supporting structure, shall be taken into account. The deflection of shafts under the characteristic values of actions shall be not greater than §/1000 times the modulus at a gear wheel, and not greater than 2/1000 times the chain pin diameter for a flying chain pinion. 10.8 Shaft-to-hub connections 10.9.1 Keyed shatts and splines Surface prossure shall be verified for keyed shafts and spline combinations with shaft and hub, [iSpiattalse be veritiod that, assuming the design vaives of actions, p, », compression is not greater than f, /e (17) for shafts or splines with one key and not greater than 0,75 f, yyy (16) for shelts or splines with twolkeys Assuming constant surfece pressure, an effective length equal to nol more than 1,2+d may be used (d being the shaft diameter). 10.9.2 Interference tits DIN 7190 shall be applicable to intorforonce fits 10.9.3 Involute eplino joints ‘The DIN 5480 series shall be applicable to involute spline joints.