GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Bachelor of Pharmacy
Subject Code: BP404TP
SEMESTER: IV
Subject Name: PHARMACOLOGY-I

Scope: The main purpose of the subject is to understand what drugs do to the living organisms and how
their effects can be applied to therapeutics. The subject covers the information about the drugs like,
mechanism of action, physiological and biochemical effects (pharmacodynamics) as well as absorption,
distribution, metabolism and excretion (pharmacokinetics) along with the adverse effects, clinical uses,
interactions, doses, contraindications and routes of administration of different classes of drugs.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

1. Understand the pharmacological actions of different categories of drugs
2. Explain the mechanism of drug action at organ system/sub cellular/ macromolecular levels
3. Apply the basic pharmacological knowledge in the prevention and treatment of various diseases.
4. Observe the effect of drugs on animals by simulated experiments
5. Appreciate correlation of pharmacology with other bio medical sciences

Teaching scheme and examination scheme:

Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme

Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 4 6 80 20 80 20

Course Content:

Sr No Topics %
weightage
1. General Pharmacology 8
a. Introduction to Pharmacology- Definition, historical landmarks and scope of
pharmacology, nature and source of drugs, essential drugs concept and routes of
drug administration, Agonists, antagonists( competitive and noncompetitive),
spare receptors, addiction, tolerance, dependence, tachyphylaxis, idiosyncrasy,
allergy.
b. Pharmacokinetics- Membrane transport, absorption, distribution, metabolism
and excretion of drugs .Enzyme induction, enzyme inhibition, kinetics of
elimination
2. General Pharmacology 12
a. Pharmacodynamics- Principles and mechanisms of drug action. Receptor
theories and classification of receptors, regulation of receptors. drug receptors
interactions signal transduction mechanisms, G-protein–coupled receptors, ion
channel receptor, transmembrane enzyme linked receptors, transmembrane
JAK-STAT binding receptor and receptors that regulate transcription factors,
dose response relationship, therapeutic index, combined effects of drugs and
factors modifying drug action.
b. Adverse drug reactions.
c. Drug interactions (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic)
d. Drug discovery and clinical evaluation of new drugs -Drug discovery phase,
preclinical evaluation phase, clinical trial phase, phases of clinical trials and
pharmacovigilance.
3. Pharmacology of drugs acting on peripheral nervous system 10
a. Organization and function of ANS.
b.Neurohumoral transmission,co-transmission and classification of
neurotransmitters.

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Subject Code: BP404TP
c. Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetics,
sympatholytics.
d. Neuromuscular blocking agents and skeletal muscle relaxants (peripheral).
e. Local anesthetic agents.
f. Drugs used in myasthenia gravis and glaucoma
Pharmacology of drugs acting on central nervous system 8
4. a. Neurohumoral transmission in the C.N.S.special emphasis on importance of
various neurotransmitters like with GABA, Glutamate, Glycine, serotonin,
dopamine.
b. General anesthetics and pre-anesthetics.
c. Sedatives, hypnotics and centrally acting muscle relaxants.
d. Anti-epileptics
e. Alcohols and disulfiram
5. Pharmacology of drugs acting on central nervous system 7
a. Psychopharmacological agents: Antipsychotics, antidepressants, anti-anxiety
agents, anti-manics and hallucinogens.
b. Drugs used in Parkinsons disease and Alzheimer’s disease.
c. CNS stimulants and nootropics.
d. Opioid analgesics and antagonists
e. Drug addiction, drug abuse, tolerance and dependence.

PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS- II (Practical)

1.Introduction to experimental pharmacology.

2.Commonly used instruments in experimental pharmacology.
3.Study of common laboratory animals.
4.Maintenance of laboratory animals as per CPCSEA guidelines.
5.Common laboratory techniques. Blood withdrawal, serum and plasma separation, anesthetics
and euthanasia used for animal studies.
6. Study of different routes of drugs administration in mice/rats.
7. Study of effect of hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers on the phenobarbitone sleeping
time in mice.
8. Effect of drugs on ciliary motility of frog oesophagus
9. Effect of drugs on rabbit eye.
10. Effects of skeletal muscle relaxants using rota-rod apparatus.
11. Effect of drugs on locomotor activity using actophotometer.
12. Anticonvulsant effect of drugs byMES and PTZ method.
13. Study of stereotype and anti-catatonic activity of drugs on rats/mice.
14. Study of anxiolytic activity of drugs using rats/mice.
15. Study of local anesthetics by different methods
Note: All laboratory techniques and animal experiments are demonstrated by simulated experiments by
softwares and videos

Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

1. Rang H. P., Dale M. M., Ritter J. M., Flower R. J., Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology,.Churchil
Livingstone Elsevier
2. Katzung B. G., Masters S. B., Trevor A. J., Basic and clinical pharmacology, Tata Mc Graw-Hill
3. Goodman and Gilman’s, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
4. Marry Anne K. K., Lloyd Yee Y., Brian K. A., Robbin L.C., Joseph G. B., Wayne A. K.,
Bradley R.W., Applied Therapeutics, The Clinical use of Drugs, The Point Lippincott Williams
&Wilkins
5. Mycek M.J, Gelnet S.B and Perper M.M. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews
PharmacologyPhysical Pharmaceutics by Ramasamy C, and Manavalan R.

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Bachelor of Pharmacy
Subject Code: BP404TP
6. K.D.Tripathi. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, JAYPEE Brothers Medical Publishers (P)
Ltd, New Delhi.
7. Sharma H. L., Sharma K. K., Principles of Pharmacology, Paras medical publisher
8. Modern Pharmacology with clinical Applications, by Charles R.Craig& Robert,
9. Ghosh MN. Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology. Hilton & Company, Kolkata.
10. Kulkarni SK. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. VallabhPrakashan

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Seat No.: _____ Enrolment No. _____________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

B. PHARM SEMESTER–IV EXAMINATION – WINTER 2023

Subject Code: BP404TP Date: 18/01/2024

Subject Name: Pharmacology I
Time: 2:30 PM TO 5:30 PM Total Marks: 80
Instructions:
1. Attempt any five questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Classify the β (beta)-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs. Justify the use of β 06
(beta)-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs in cardiovascular disease.
(b) Classify the neuroleptic drugs. Discuss the adverse effects and therapeutic uses 05
of neuroleptic drugs.
(c) Write in detail about the nature and source of the drugs. 05
Q.2 (a) Explain the molecular structure and signal transduction pathway of G-protein- 06
coupled receptor.
(b) Classify the drug used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Justify, "The 05
combination of levodopa and cabidopa is a rational fixed dose combination".
(c) Classify the antiepileptic drugs. Explain the mechanism of action and adverse 05
effects of phenytoin.
Q.3 (a) Explain the ethanol toxicity. Justify, “Disulfiram use to treat alcohol dependence”. 06
(b) What is a dose-response relationship? Describe the application of a graded dose- 05
response curve.
(c) Write the difference between sedative and hypnotic agents. Justify, 05
“Benzodiazepines are preferred over barbiturates”
Q.4 (a) Explain the following terms with examples: a) Drug dependence; b) Tachyphylaxis; 06
c) Drug idiosyncrasy
(b) Define anaesthesia. Discuss in detail the preanaesthetic medication. 05
(c) Enlist different steps of the drug discovery and development process. Explain 05
the preclinical evaluation phase in detail.
Q.5 (a) Explain the physicochemical factors affecting drug absorption. 06
(b) Classify parasympatholytic drugs. Write the pharmacological actions of 05
atropine.
(c) Enlist various routes of administration. Write merits and demerits of the 05
parenteral route of administration.
Q. 6 (a) Define antagonism. Explain in detail pharmacological antagonism. 06
(b) Classify antidepressant drugs. Write mechanism of action and adverse effects of 05
tricyclic antidepressants.
(c) Define ADR. Explain the types of adverse drug reactions with examples. 05
Q.7 (a) Classify anticholinesterase drugs. Write pharmacological action and poisoning 06
of anticholinesterase drugs.
(b) Explain the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction with examples. 05
(c) Write mechanism of action and adverse effects of local anaesthetic agents. 05

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Seat No.: _____ Enrolment No. _____________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

B.Ph. - SEMESTER– IV• EXAMINATION – WINTER -2022

Subject Code: BP404TP Date: 29/12/2022

Subject Name: PHARMACOLOGY- I
Time: 02:30PM TO 05:30PM Total Marks: 80
Instructions:
1. Attempt any five questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Define the term ‘Drug’. Enlist various sources of drug. 06
(b) Explain the pharmacological uses of Acetylcholine. 05
(c) Describe the different stages of anesthesia. 05
Q.2 (a) Explain merits and demerits of oral route. 06
(b) Describe the pharmacology of Ethyl alcohol. 05
(c) Classify parasympathomimetic agents with example. Write a note on Atropine. 05
Q.3 (a) Differentiate between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. 06
(b) Classify Adverse drug reactions with examples. 05
(c) Explain the neurotransmitter GABA and serotonin. 05
Q.4 (a) Describe various phases of clinical trial and its improtance. 06
(b) Write a note on drugs used for glaucoma 05
(c) Write a note on anti-Parkinson drugs. 05
Q.5 (a) Enlist factors affecting parenteral route of drug absorption. 06
(b) Describe anti-depressant agents. 05
(c) Write a note on Pharmacovigilance. 05
Q. 6 (a) What is receptor? Explain G-protein coupled receptors. 06
(b) Classify types of epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs. 05
(c) Explain the role of enzyme in metabolism. 05
Q.7 (a) Describe pharmacology of opioid analgesics. 06
(b) Write a note on CNS stimulant agents. 05
(c) What are preanesthetic agents? How they are useful? 05

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Seat No.: _____ Enrolment No. _____________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

B.Ph. - SEM–IV • EXAMINATION – SUMMER -2022

Subject Code: BP404TP Date: 20/07/2022

Subject Name: Pharmacology I
Time: 10:30AM TO 1:30PM Total Marks: 80
Instructions:
1. Attempt any five questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
Seat No.: _____ Enrolment No. _____________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

B.Pharm.- SEMESTER– IV• EXAMINATION – WINTER-2021

Subject Code: BP404TP Date: 17 /02/2022

Subject Name: PHARMACOLOGY-I
Time: 02:30 PM to 05:30 PM Total Marks: 80
Instructions:
1. Attempt any five questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Define the Following with Example: (a) Essential drugs (b) Drug Tolerance (c) 06
Idiosyncrasy.
(b) Give in Details about G-Protein coupled receptors with example. 05
(c) Classify drug used in treatment of Parkinson disease and write the 05
pharmacology of levodopa
Q.2 (a) What is Drug interactions, give the explanation of drug interaction on the basis 06
of pharmacokinetic with example.
(b) Classify skeletal muscle relaxant drugs. Discuss mechanism of action of any 05
one class involved in it.
(c) Classify Local anesthetic. Write the effect on CNS and CVS. 05
Q.3 (a) Classify the receptors, and give in details about Drug receptors interactions 06
signal transduction mechanisms.
(b) Give in details about drugs used in treatment of myasthenia gravis and 05
glaucoma.
(c) Give in Details about historical landmarks and scope of pharmacology. 05
Q.4 (a) Give in details about Therapeutic index, combined drugs effects and adverse 06
drug reactions.
(b) Classify Antipsychotics drug and write the pharmacology of phenothiazine. 05
(c) Classify Anti-epileptics drugs and give the mechanism of sodium valproate. 05
Q.5 (a) Classify Neurotransmitters and give in details about GABA and dopamine. 06
(b) Write the Detail action of ethyl Alcohol on CNS and give in details about 05
disulfiram effect on GI.
(c) Classify opioid analgesics and write the pharmacology of opioid receptor. 05
Q. 6 (a) Classify rout of administration with Example and give in details about factor 06
affecting drug absorption.
(b) Classify the General anesthetics with example and give in details about surgical 05
Anesthesia.
(c) Classify Sedatives, hypnotics and give the pharmacology of Benzodiazepine. 05
Q.7 (a) Give in details about Drug discovery phase of preclinical evaluation phase, 06
clinical trial phase.
(b) Classify with example of Parasympathomimetics and sympatholytics. 05
(c) Classify the drug used as CNS stimulants and give the pharmacology of 05
Amphetamine.

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Seat No.: _____ Enrolment No. _____________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

B.Pharm- SEMESTER IV– EXAMINATION – SUMMER -2021

Subject Code:BP404TP Date:06/08/2021

Subject Name: PHARMACOLOGY I
Time: 10:30AM TO 01:30PM Total Marks: 80
Instructions:
1. Attempt any five questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Enlist routes of drug administration. Give the advantages and disadvantages of 06
intravenous route of drug administration.
(b) Classify local anesthetics. Write mechanism and ADRs of lidocaine. 05
(c) Write short note on Plasma protein binding. 05
Q.2 (a) Classify various types of drug interaction. Discuss pharmacokinetic drug 06
interaction with suitable example.
(b) Explain various phases of clinical trial in details. 05
(c) Write short note on rationale use of medicines. 05

Q.3 (a) Classify receptors. Write a short note on G- protein coupled receptor. 06
(b) Write a detail note on pre-anesthetics. 05
(c) Write a note on drug information Centre. 05

Q.4 (a) Define adverse drug reaction. Classify ADRs as per Rawlins Thompson system 06
with suitable examples.
(b) Describe pharmacological actions of serotonin. 05
(c) Write pharmacological actions morphine. 05
Q.5 (a) Classify sympathomimetic drugs. Write pharmacological actions of 06
adrenaline.
(b) Discuss various factors affecting drug absorption from GI. 05
(c) Enlist drugs used in glaucoma. Write a detail note on use of β-blockers in 05
glaucoma.

Q. 6 (a) Explain patient counseling along with communication skills required for 06
counseling.
(b) Classify antiepileptic drugs. Write pharmacology of phenytoin. 05
(c) Explain microsomal enzyme induction and inhibition with suitable examples. 05
Q.7 (a) Classify antiparkinson drugs. Write mechanism, ADRs and therapeutic uses of 06
carbidopa.
(b) Define sedative and hypnotics. Explain pharmacology of benzodiazepine. 05
(c) Classify anticholinesterase. Write therapeutic uses of them. 05

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Seat No.: _____ Enrolment No. _____________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

B.Pharm - SEMESTER– IV • EXAMINATION – WINTER-2020

Subject Code: BP404TP Date: 12/02/2021

Subject Name: Pharmacology-I
Time: 02:30PM TO 04:30PM Total Marks: 54
Instructions:
1. Attempt any THREE questions from Q-1 to Q-6.
2. Q.7 is compulsory to attempt.
3. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
4. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Classify general anesthetics. Discuss various stages of general anesthesia. 06
(b) Compare and contrast succinylcholine and d-tubocurarine as skeletal muscle 05
relaxants.
(c) Differentiate Oral route and Parenteral route. 05
Q.2 (a) Classify anti-parkinsonian drugs. Describe pharmacology of levodopa 06
combination with carbidopa.
(b) Describe Pharmacokinetic type of drug-drug interactions. 05
(c) Explain Pharmacological actions of alcohol. 05
Q.3 (a) Discuss 1) Plasma protein binding 2) BBB. 06
(b) Describe mechanism of action and uses of lidocaine. 05
(c) Write a note on Organophosphorus poisoning and its treatment. 05
Q.4 (a) Explain signal transduction mechanism of GPCR. 06
(b) Describe Rawlins Thompson classification of ADR in details. 05
(c) Classify parasympatholytics. Discuss therapeutic uses of atropine. 05
Q.5 (a) Classify sympathomimetics. Describe Dale’s vasomotor reversal in detail. 06
(b) Enlist and Explain four phases of clinical trials. 05
(c) Differentiate competitive and non competitive antagonism. 05
Q. 6 (a) Explain Phase I reactions of drug metabolism. 06
(b) Discuss pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses of morphine. 05
(c) Write note on GABA as an inhibitory neurotransmitter of CNS. 05
Q.7 (a) Classify anti-depressants. Write a note on SSRIs. 06
OR
(a) Discuss Pharmacology of Phenytoin. 06
OR
(a) Write a note on Pharmacovigilance. 06

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 Seat No.: _____ Enrolment No. _____________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

B.PHARM – SEMESTER IV • EXAMINATION – SUMMER -2020

Subject Code: BP404TP Date: 29-10-2020

Subject Name: PHARMACOLOGY- I
Time: 10:30 AM TO 1:30 PM Total Marks: 80
Instructions:
1. Attempt any five questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 a) Enlist different types of receptors and discuss G protein coupled receptors in detail. 06
b) Classify Parasympathomimetic agents and write a note on organophosphate 05
poisoning.
c) Discuss the factors modifying drug action in detail. 05

Q.2 a) Enlist the factors affecting drug absorption. Explain how lipid solubility and 06
ionization of drug affects its absorption.
b) Classify General Anaesthetics. Discuss the stages of general anaesthesia with 05
suitable diagram.
c) Discuss types of Glaucoma, pathophysiology and its drug treatment. 05
Q.3 a) Differentiate between Phase I and Phase II biotransformation reaction. 06
b) Enlist various routes of drug administration and discuss advantages and 05
disadvantages of Oral route.
c) Write a note on Neurohumoral transmission. 05
Q.4 a) Classify Local anaesthetics and write a detailed pharmacology of procaine. 06
b) Define the following terms: 05
i) Tolerance ii) Loading dose iii) Inverse agonist iv) Competitive antagonism v)
Enzyme induction.
c) Write on role of GABA as a neurotransmitter in CNS. 05
Q.5 a) Classify drug interactions and discuss pharmacokinetic drug interactions with 06
suitable examples.
b) Discuss Mechanism of action and pharmacological actions of Adrenaline. 05
c) Explain the pharmacology of β- Blockers in detail. 05
Q. 6 a) Classify Skeletal muscle relaxants. Explain mechanism of action and 06
pharmacology of d- tubocurarine.
b) Discuss the rationale for the use of ethyl alcohol in methyl alcohol poisoning. 05
c) Classify antiepileptic drugs and write MOA and adverse effect of Phenytoin. 05
Q.7 a) Classify drugs used in Parkinsonism. Explain why Carbidopa is used in 06
combination with Levodopa.
b) Classify antipsychotic agent and write a note on atypical antipsychotic agents. 05
c) Differentiate between REM and NREM sleep. Explain the mechanism of actions, 05
pharmacological actions, adverse effects and use of benzodiazepines.

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Seat No.: _____ Enrolment No. _____________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

B.PHARM - SEMESTER– 4 EXAMINATION – WINTER -2019

Subject Code: BP404TP Date: 19-12-2019

Subject Name: Pharmacology I
Time: 02:30 PM TO 05:30 PM Total Marks: 80
Instructions:
1. Attempt any five questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Write a note on Sources of drugs. 06

(b) Define following terms: 1) Pharmacology 2) Agonist 3) Drug tolerance 05
4) Allergy 5) Idiosyncrasy
(c) Describe synthesis and metabolism of adrenergic neurotransmitter. 05
Q.2 (a) Explain merits and demerits of parental route. 06
(b) Enlist factors affecting oral drug absorption. 05
(c) Classify parasympathomimetic agents with example. Write a note on 05
pilocarpine.
Q.3 (a) Describe zero order and first order kinetic of drug elimination. 06
(b) Explain the enzyme induction and inhibition. 05
(c) Write a note on G protein coupled receptors. 05
Q.4 (a) Describe various phases of clinical trial and its improtance. 06
(b) Write a note on Adverse drug reaction. 05
(c) Classify sedative-hypnotic agents. Describe in detail barbiturates. 05
Q.5 (a) Differentiate between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. 06
(b) Describe the different stages of anesthesia. 05
(c) Describe the pharmacology of Acetylcholine. 05
Q. 6 (a) Describe the pharmacological actions of Ethyl alcohol. 06
(b) Classify types of epilepsy. Describe phenytoin in detail. 05
(c) Elaborate following terms with examples a) drug addiction and b) drug 05
dependence.
Q.7 (a) Describe pharmacology of opioid analgesics. 06
(b) Write a note on CNS stimulant agents. 05
(c) What are preanesthetic agents? How they are useful? 05

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Seat No.: _____ Enrolment No. _____________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

B.PHARM - SEMESTER– 4 EXAMINATION – SUMMER -2019

Subject Code: BP404TP Date: 15-05-2019

Subject Name: Pharmacology I
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:30 PM Total Marks: 80
Instructions:
1. Attempt any five questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) What is Epilepsy? Discuss classification of Anti-epileptic drugs. 06

(b) Write about pre- anaesthetics medications in details. 05
(c) Write down short note on Anti-Parkinson agents. 05
Q.2 (a) Define dependence. Write down factors involved in the development of drug 06
dependence.
(b) Write down factors affecting the absorptions of drugs. 05
(c) Write a note on Neuromuscular blocking agents. 05
Q.3 (a) Write about various parenteral routes of administration. 06
(b) Write down causes and treatments Alzheimer’s disease. 05
(c) Write down pharmacological actions of Morphine. 05
Q.4 (a) Define Local anaesthetics. Discuss the classification of local anaesthetics. 06
(b) Write down classification of receptors. 05
(c) Explain drug abuse and drug addiction in details. 05
Q.5 (a) Write cause of drug interactions. Discuss Pharmacodynamics drug interactions. 06
(b) Define Drugs. Discuss sources of Drugs. 05
(c) Discuss pharmacologic actions of Alcohols. Discuss treatment of Alcohol 05
addiction.
Q. 6 (a) Classification of Sympathomimetics. Write therapeutic uses of 06
Sympathomimetics.
(b) Write about pharmacovigilance in details. 05
(c) Explain dose response relationship and therapeutic index in briefs. 05
Q.7 (a) Write down pharmacology and therapeutic uses of Cholinergic drugs. 06
(b) Write down various phases of clinical trials. 05
(c) Discuss competitive and noncompetitive antagonism with suitable examples. 05

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Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.______________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

B.PHARM – SEMESTER – 4- EXAMINATION –WINTER - 2018

Subject Code:240005 Date: 10/12/2018

Subject Name: Pharmacology - I
Time:02:30 PM TO 05:30 PM Total Marks: 80

Instructions:
1. Attempt any five questions.
2. Make Suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Classify parasympathomimetics. Write M/A and therapeutic uses of Ach. 06
(b) Explain pharmacokinetic drug- drug interactions with examples. 05
(c) Write a note on enzyme induction and enzyme inhibition with examples. 05
Q.2 (a) Classify beta blockers. Write a pharmacological action and uses of propranolol. 06
(b) Differentiate competitive and non-competitive antagonism. 05
(c) Explain drug tolerance and dependence. 05
Q.3 (a) Classify serotonin receptors and describe its pharmacological actions. 06
(b) Write merits and demerits of intravenous route. 05
(c) Write different phases of clinical trials. 05
Q.4 (a) Classify alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonist. Describe pharmacology of prazosin. 06
(b) Explain various factors modifying drug action. 05
(c) Describe mode of action and therapeutic uses of local anaesthetics. 05
Q.5 (a) Classify antihistamines and give its pharmacological action and therapeutic 06
uses.
(b) Write a note on apparent volume of distribution. 05
(c) Write a short note on acute and sub acute toxicity study. 05
Q. 6 (a) Classify neuromuscular blockers. Write on M/A and uses of d-tubocurarine. 06
(b) Explain bioavailability and its significance. 05
(c) Write a note on organophosphorous poisoning. 05
Q.7 (a) Write in brief the gating and signal transduction mechanisms of G-protein 06
coupled receptors.
(b) Write a note on prostaglandins. 05
(c) Explain the term of biological half life and give its importance. 05

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Seat No.: _____ Enrolment No. _____________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

B.Pharm. - SEMESTER–IV • EXAMINATION – SUMMER - 2018

Subject Code: 240005 Date: 21/05/2018

Subject Name: Pharmacology-I
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:30 PM Total Marks: 80
Instructions:
1. Attempt any five questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Classify various routes of drug administration and write advantages and 06
disadvantages of parenteral route.
(b) Describe steps involving in neurohumoral transmission. 05
(c) Define following term: 05
i) Pharmacodynamic ii) Pharmacogenomics iii) Pharmacokinetics
iv) Drug tolerance v) Teratogenicity
Q.2 (a) Discuss absorption process and factors affecting to drug absorption. 06
(b) What is Dale’s vasomotor reversal of adrenaline and classify sympathomimetic 05
agents.
(c) Explain competitive and non-competitive antagonism with suitable example. 05
Q.3 (a) Write a short note on: 06
(1) Method prolonging the duration of action of drug
(2) Plasma protein binding.
(b) Enlist various types of receptor and describe GPCR in detail. 05
(c) Classify cholinergic drugs and write down pharmacological action of 05
acetylcholine.
Q.4 (a) Write a short note on: 06
1) Structure activity relationship(SAR)
2) First pass metabolism
3) Bioavailability
(b) Enlist various types of drug interactions. Write in detail about pharmacokinetic 05
drug interaction.
(c) Define autocoids. Write short note on H1 receptor blocker. 05
Q.5 (a) Write down pharmacological action of histamine. 06
(b) Write a note on prostaglandins. 05
(c) Write phases of clinical trial. 05
Q. 6 (a) Explain organophosphorous poisoning and its treatment. 06
(b) Write a note on pentagastrin and angiotensin. 05
(c) Write a note on local anaesthetics. 05
Q.7 (a) Write a note on drug nomenclature and Define drug and explain different 06
sources
(b) Write a note on neuro muscular blocking agents. 05
(c) Define following terms with example 05
i) Potentiation ii) Addition iii) Synergism
iv) Agonist v) Partial antagonist

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Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.______________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

B.PHARM – SEMESTER – 4- EXAMINATION –WINTER - 2018

Subject Code: 2240005 Date: 30/11/2018

Subject Name: Basic Concepts of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy
Practice
Time: 02:30 PM TO 05:30 PM Total Marks: 80
Instructions:
1. Attempt any five questions.
2. Make Suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Enlist different types of G-proteins. Explain signal transduction mechanism in G- 06
protein coupled receptors.
(b) Enumerate different reactions involved in Biotransformation of drugs. Discuss phase II 05
in detail.
(c) Discuss the factors modifying drug action. 05
Q.2 (a) Classify drug interactions. Discuss pharmacokinetic drug interactions with suitable 06
examples.
(b) List out the mechanisms involved in transport of drugs across biological membranes. 05
Discuss the ABC transporters.
(c) Enlist different types of ion channels with examples. Discuss gating mechanisms in 05
brief.
Q.3 (a) Explain the following with suitable examples wherever necessary(any three) 06
1. Tachyphylaxis 2. Inverse agonist 3. Spare receptors 4. Iatrogenic effects
(b) Write a note on tolerance. 05
(c) Highlight the physiological differences that necessitate changes in drug therapy in 05
children and elderly.
Q.4 (a) Classify the routes of drug administration. Write a note on transcutaneous route. 06
(b) Explain bioavailability and bioequivalence. Write a note on biological half life. 05
(c) Write a note on Pharmacovigilance. 05
Q.5 (a) Describe the steps in a typical patient counseling session. List the communication 06
skills required for effective counseling.
(b) Discuss the criteria for TDM and its significance. 05
(c) What are the causes for irrational drug use. Highlight the dangers of irrational use of 05
antibiotics.
Q. 6 (a) Discuss the various communication skills for effective patient counseling. 06
(b) Classify ADRs as per Rawlins-Thompson system with suitable example. 05
(c) What is essential drug list? Give the salient features of essential drugs? 05
Q.7 (a) Write a note on (any four) 16
1. Volume of distribution
2. Drug antagonism
3. Medication errors
4. Loading and Maintenance dose
5. Medication adherence

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Seat No.: _____ Enrolment No. _____________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

B.Pharm- SEMESTER IV EXAMINATION – SUMMER - 2018

Subject Code:2240005 Date: 14/05/2018

Subject Name: Basic Concepts of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Practice
Time:10.30 am to 01.30 pm Total Marks: 80
Instructions:
1. Attempt any five questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Classify various routes of administration. Write merits and demerits of 06
intravenous route.
(b) Explain dose response relationship. 05
(c) Define volume of distribution and explain factors affecting drug distribution. 05
Q.2 (a) Write in detail on G-protein coupled receptors. 06
(b) Explain various sources of drugs. 05
(c) Differentiate competitive and non-competitive antagonism. 05
Q.3 (a) Define pharmacokinetics and explain factors affecting drug absorption. 06
(b) Write a note on Plasma protein binding. 05
(c) Explain following terms: 05
(1) Bioavailability
(2) Receptor
(3) Agonist
(4) Clinical Pharmacy
(5) Pharmacoepidemiology
Q.4 (a) Write a note on Kinase linked receptors. 06
(b) Write a note on medication errors. 05
(c) Discuss pharmacokinetic drug interaction with suitable examples. 05
Q.5 (a) Explain in details on transportation mechanisms of drug across biological 06
membrane.
(b) Write a note on adverse drug reaction. 05
(c) Define the following: 05
(1) Synergism
(2) Potentiation
(3) Drug tolerance
(4) Half life
(5) Pharmacogenetics
Q. 6 (a) Define biotransformation. Explain mixed function oxidase system for drug 06
metabolism.
(b) Discuss about pharmacokinetic changes in drug therapy in elderly patients. 05
(c) Write a short not on Blood brain barrier. 05
Q.7 (a) Write a note on Therapeutic drug monitoring and its significance. 06
(b) Describe communication skills for patient counseling. 05
(c) Explain in brief the rationale use of drug. 05

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