IB Biology Internal Assessment

Research Question:
How does the concentration of the substrate “Hydrogen Peroxide”
(those being 0 vol, 5 vol, 10 vol, 15 vol, and 20 vol) affect the rate
of enzyme action in the collection of Oxygen Gas?

Topic of investigation:

This Internal Assessment enters the IB topic 2.4 of Biology, specifically the topic of Proteins.

Introduction

The main objective of this Internal Assessment (a term that will be from this point on be called
“IA”) is to observe and see how different concentrations of 10 ml of H2O2 (Hydrogen Peroxide)
volumes affect the rate of enzyme activity in the collection of Oxygen Gas, and in order to do so,
a constant pH 7 and 0.1g of yeast will be used in order to mix it with the different concentrations
of H2O2 in a boiling tube, and in order to see how much oxygen gas will be collected, a syringe
that will be connected to a delivery tube from the boiling tube will allow the gas produced from
such boiling tube to go to the syringe, thus showing how much O2 will be made in 3 minutes.

Background Information

Enzymes, they who are the unseen architects of the human body, orchestrate over 100,000
essential chemical reactions daily that enable not only our perception, movement and digestion,
but also allow the cognitive functions we can do (Article 1). Along with this, a complex interplay
among 1300 enzymes govern many fundamental processes, which range from DNA assembly
up to nutrient breakdown for energy, acting as natural catalysts (Article 1, 5). Moreover, these
proteins that are structured from countless amino acids, adopt a defining three-dimensional
structure critical to their function (Article 1), and their specialized surface regions that are also
known as active sites, exhibit an extraordinary ability to selectively bind specific substrates,
transforming them into indispensable products for bodily functions (Article 1, 2, 3, 5).

The understanding of enzyme-substrate interaction has evolved through scientific exploration.

Initially, the lock and key hypothesis proposed a precise fitting mechanism between enzyme and
substrate (Article 2). However, ongoing research supports the induced fit model, offering a
more dynamic insight into their interaction. As a substrate engages with an enzyme, a chemical
attraction sparks a reshaping of the enzyme's active site, allowing binding and catalytic action to
unfold (Article 2).
The efficacy of enzymatic reactions are based on collision rates between substrates and such
active sites, them being not only influenced by temperature, but by pH, and notably, substrate
concentration (Article 3, 4) as well. Varying substrate concentrations hold a direct influence on
reaction rates, underscoring the pivotal role of substrate concentration, and in this IA
specifically, the volumes of Hydrogen Peroxide, which go from 0 vol up to 20 vol (Article 4) will
be of pivotal matter, this being the Independent Variable of this IA.

Thus, in this IA, the main objective will be to dictate how will different volumes of Hydrogen
Peroxide (H2O2), when mixed with Yeast and a constant pH of 7, affect the amount of Oxygen
Gas that can be produced and collected from the reaction of such elements in an overall
timespan of 3 minutes, which will be measured in a stopwatch.

Now, the remaining question is why? Why was this topic specifically chosen as the research
question for my IA?

Well, understanding how changes in substrate concentration affect enzymatic reactions is

massively important for grasping the fundamental mechanisms governing life processes,
especially for someone who is going to do medicine in college. This small exploration thus offers
insights into how enzymes, critical biological catalysts, respond to varying substrate levels. Such
knowledge has broad implications not only in the once mentioned medicine, but in industry and
biology as well, this potentially leading to targeted therapies, improved industrial processes, and
a deeper understanding of physiological functions, and investigating this phenomenon not only
expands scientific knowledge but also sharpens problem-solving skills and critical thinking
abilities, thus making it an interesting choice of topic, one which this long IA covers.

Hypothesis

The Independent Variable of this research will be the varying concentrations of Hydrogen
Peroxide volumes, those being 0 vol, 5 vol, 10 vol, 15 vol and 20 vol. Since 0 vol is the complete
absence of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2), it will be basically water, and so, no results should arise
from 0 vol. However, if 0 vol is truly the lowest volume, then it is of expectation that with each
volume that increases, then more and more Oxygen Gas, the Dependent Variable of this
experiment, should be produced from the reaction between the Yeast and the many
concentrations of Hydrogen Peroxide as well. Of course, in order to guarantee that this is in fact
the case, a number of trials should be made in order to show not only consistency between the
results gathered from this IA, but also the possibility of finding an average between all results in
order to truly determine whether the hypothesis that with rising concentrations should rising
results arise or not.
Variables Table:

Independent Variable

Variable Unit and What range of Data What size increments How will the
Uncertainty and why? and why? increments be
manipulated in order
to avoid
inaccuracies?
The independent The range of Data is The specific sizes of To minimize
variable is the from 0 vol of H2O2 these increments, inaccuracies, precise
concentration of up to 20 vol of H2O2, such as 5 vol or 10 measuring tools,
hydrogen peroxide the reason for such vol for example, were consistent conditions,
(H2O2) in volumes data range being chosen with the thorough mixing, and
(vol) with the chosen is in order to purpose to provide a multiple trials would
following encompass a broad range of data points be essential. These
concentrations: 0 vol, spectrum of that can help measures help
5 vol, 10 vol, 15 vol, concentrations to establish a ensure accurate
and 20 vol. observe how the relationship between manipulation of
reaction behaves H2O2 volume and increments and
In order to prepare across a wide range. the resulting oxygen reliable experimental
the vol of H2O2, for production. This outcomes.
example, for 5 vol, 50 approach allows for a
ml of pure H2O2 was more comprehensive
measured in a understanding of the
measuring cylinder reaction and enables
with uncertainty of 1 the observation of
ml, and such amount any trends or
was later added on a patterns that may
volumetric balloon of emerge across
1 liter that has an different volume
uncertainty of 1 ml, levels.
where 950 ml of H2O
was added, this thus
determining the
amount of H2O2 vol
values that will be
used in this IA.

Dependent variable

Variable Unit and Uncertainty How will it be measured and Why was this method the
what are possible most effective?
inaccuracies?

The dependent variable is the
volume of oxygen produced,
measured in milliliters (ml),
with an uncertainty of 1 ml.
The uncertainty of the
balance used to measure 0.1
grams (g) of yeast is 0.1
grams.
The volume of oxygen
produced will be measured
by the displacement of liquid
in a syringe as the oxygen
gas is produced. Possible
inaccuracies in measurement
could arise from parallax
error while reading the
volume of gas in the syringe
or variations in temperature
This method was chosen as
the most effective means of
measuring the volume of
oxygen produced because it
allows for direct and real-time
measurement of the gas,
providing immediate
feedback during the
experiment.
The uncertainty of the
measuring cylinder used to
measure the 10 ml of each
concentration of H2O2 is 1
ml.
Controlled variables
Variable Unit and Uncertainty
H2O2 volumes with
uncertainty of 1 ml
Yeast with uncertainty of 0.1g
pH 7 with uncertainty of 1 ml
and pressure affecting the
gas volume.
How will it be
controlled/minimized
For each concentration of
Hydrogen Peroxide volume,
those being from 0 vol up to
20 vol, 10 ml of the H2O2 will
be measured using a
measuring cylinder and be
placed on a boiling tube.
With the use of a balance,
and counting the amount of
trials for each Hydrogen
Peroxide Volume
concentration, it will be in
total 25 samples of 0.1 grams
of yeast, and in order to get
this amount, a balance will be
used, and in order to
guarantee consistency, the
value will remain the same.
With the use of a syringe with
a total of 5 ml, incredibly
small amount of pH 7 will be
used in this investigation,
pretty much acting as a single
drop in every single trial done
in this IA, and since the
amount of pH can affect a lot
the reaction between
substrate and enzyme action,
the amount of pH 7 not only
is the proper amount, but will
also be remained the same in
Possible impact on
investigation
Each concentration of
Hydrogen Peroxide volume
will have great impacts on the
overall investigation of this IA,
and if my hypothesis is true,
the more the concentration,
the more Oxygen Gas will be
produced and collected.
The amount of Yeast in this
investigation, the catalase in
other words, will be of severe
importance to this IA and will
affect how much Oxygen Gas
will be collected, possibly
allowing for more O2
production. However, for the
sake of consistency between
results in order to find the
average in all 5 trials, 0.1g
will be the main value.
Similarly to how temperature
can increase or decrease a
reaction between enzyme
and substrate thanks to its
degree, the concentration
and amount of pH can
severely impact the reaction
of this investigation, either
again increasing the
reaction’s rate or decreasing
the rate of reaction
depending on the amount of
pH, but for the sake of

Time with uncertainty of 1
second (?)
Equipment List:
- 2x Syringe of 100ml
- 1x Delivery Tube
- 25x samples of 0.1g of Yeast
- 5x Solutions of Hydrogen
Peroxide (20 Vol, 15 Vol,
10 Vol, 5 Vol, and 0.5 Vol)
- 1x pH 7
- 1x Stopwatch
- 5x Boiling Tubes
- Marker
this IA.
For each of the 5 trials done
for each concentration of
Hydrogen Peroxide volume in
this investigation, a total time
of 3 minutes will be passed in
order to see how much
Oxygen Gas will be collected
during the reaction of the
specific H2O2 volume, the
Yeast and the pH 7, and in
order to truly make sure 3
minutes pass, a stopwatch
will be used to measure the
time.
consistency in order to get
proper results in this IA as
well, the amount of pH and
the pH will be kept the same.
By allowing the time of 3
minutes specifically, this
amount of time allows the
reaction to fully be done in
order to see if it continues
producing the Oxygen Gas in
the 100 ml syringe or not, and
once the time passes, the
value of the collected gas will
be recorded on a data table
in order to find the average,
and if more than the required
time passes, inaccurate
results will be achieved,
hence why like the other
controlled variables, this will
be of great impact in this IA.
Method

In order to conduct this IA, each concentration of H2O2 (those being 0 vol, 5 vol, 10 vol, 15 vol
and 20 vol) will have 5 trials done in order to see consistency between results, and later on, the
average of all 5 results, thus being 25 trials in total. And in order to conduct such trials, 0.1g of
yeast will be added to 5 boiling tubes, where then 10 ml of the specific vol of Hydrogen Peroxide
will be added along with the pH 7 in order to see how much gas will be collected. For gas
collection, a syringe will be used in order to measure the amount of oxygen that will be
collected, and in order for the gas to reach the syringe, two delivery tubes are attached to each
other in order to have enough length to reach the boiling tube with the hydrogen peroxide and
thus, produce the oxygen, and a time limit will be set in order to measure the amount of
produced oxygen, this being 3 minutes on the stopwatch.
With the collected values of the trials of a specific concentration, it will be found the average
between all values in order to find the definitive values of the amount of trials in each
concentration, and in order to repeat the experiment for the other volumes, all 5 boiling tubes
will be rinsed and cleaned, thus allowing repetition of this IA.

Safety, ethical and environmental issues

Safety:

Concerns Potential Hazard Control Measures and

Management

Glassware The use of glassware may Lab coats, safety goggles

lead to breakage leading to
potential chance of it
breaking, thus causing
damage to the skin.
and leather boots must be
worn at all times in order to
ensure that glass fragments,
in case glassware breaks, do
not come in direct contact
with skin to cause cuts and

Hydrogen Peroxide Direct contact of solution with
skin or body can cause minor
to fatal burns and/or irritation
and breathing difficulty due to
Hydrogen Peroxide’s toxic
nature and its high corrosive
properties.
Yeast Small yeast particles and
unpleasant fumes from the
yeast can not only cause
irritation to those suffering
from asthma and yeast
allergies, but its small
particles can cause irritation
in eyes as well.
Environmental:
Waste Management Hydrogen Peroxide is a toxic
solution which if disposed of
freely into the environment
via the sink or other generic
disposal methods might
negatively impact the
environment and affect
ecosystems by damaging,
disease or toxic poisoning.
Ethical:
There are no ethical concerns in this IA since no human nor animal partook in the experiment.
ANALYSIS
injuries. There also is the
need to be careful whilst
dealing with glassware during
this IA.
Lab coats, leather shoes and
safety glasses must be worn
at all times, thus ensuring
that the solution does not go
into eyes or come in contact
with skin, allowing protection
from irritation and injuries.
Lab coats and safety glasses
should be worn at all times
ensuring that particles do not
come in contact with eyes as
well as regulation of fresh air
in the lab whilst performing
the IA.
When a trial using a certain
volume of Hydrogen Peroxide
is done, its effects will already
be used, thus, in order to
dispose of it, the trials will be
done first and then the H2O2
will be rid of. The Lab
Technicians of the British
School of Rio de Janeiro
provided the actual Hydrogen
Peroxide volumes used in
this IA, and when Data
Collection is finished, all of
the volumes will be returned
to them.
Raw data: This Data Table shows the raw data that was collected in this Internal Assessment,
the values of the left-hand side being of the Independent Variable, specifically the amount of
concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide volumes, and the values on the right-hand side of the table
being of the Dependent Variable, the amount of Oxygen Gas that was collected during this IA.

Independent Variable: Dependent Variable:

Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide Vol. Volume of Oxygen Gas collected (ml)

0 vol Trial 1: 0
Trial 2: 0
Trial 3: 0
Trial 4: 0
Trial 5: 0

5 vol Trial 1: 24
Trial 2: 19
Trial 3: 19
Trial 4: 15
Trial 5: 21

10 vol Trial 1: 11
Trial 2: 21
Trial 3: 16
Trial 4: 38
Trial 5: 27

15 vol Trial 1: 28
Trial 2: 50
Trial 3: 67
Trial 4: 42
Trial 5: 2

20 vol Trial 1: 23
Trial 2: 41
Trial 3: 43
Trial 4: 47
Trial 5: 51

Qualitative data:

Oxygen Data Collection: After 1 minute, the boiling tube becomes bubbly along with the
formation of foam, all from Yeast origin
Balance with 0.1 grams of Yeast:
Oxygen Gas being collected:

pH 7:
Closer image of the Boiling Tube of the 3rd trial of 20 vol after collection:
Processed data:

Average of all 5 trials in each concentration of H2O2 Volume:

0 vol 0+0+0+0+0/5=0

5 vol 24 + 19 + 19 + 15 + 21 / 5 = 19.6

10 vol 11 + 21 + 16 + 38 + 27 / 5 = 22.6

15 vol 28 + 50 + 67 + 42 + 2 / 5 = 37.8
 20 vol 23 + 41 + 49 + 47 + 51 / 5 = 42.1

Impact of Uncertainty:

In order to calculate the impact of uncertainty, I chose to calculate the uncertainty percentage
instead of the percentage error because I wanted to have a measure of the reliability and
precision of the measurements. By considering the uncertainty of the 100 ml syringe and the
many varied results which were granted in the measured concentrations of H2O2 volumes, it
may be possible to say that the uncertainty percentage provides a more comprehensive
assessment of the accuracy of the data, while the percentage error for example may not be
possible to do thanks to the lack of a theoretical value. Along with this, Uncertainty Percentage
takes into account both the instrument's uncertainty and the variability in the measurements,
thus, offering a better understanding of the overall confidence in the experimental results.

0 vol 1/0 x 100 = Impossible to find, since no

number can be divided by 0.

5 vol 5 vol = 1/19.6 x 100 = 5.102%

10 vol 10 vol = 1/22.6 x 100 = 4.425%

15 vol 15 vol = 1/37.8 x 100 = 2.646%

20 vol 20 vol = 1/42.1 x 100 = 2.375%

Standard Deviation:

σ = Standard Deviation

∑ = expected value of:

x = each value of the specific concentration of H2O2 vol.
μ = the average/mean of all values of that specific vol.
n = number of total numbers

0 vol
√∑ ((0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0) - 0^)2 / 5 =
0
 5 vol
√∑ ((24 + 19 + 19 + 15 + 21) - 19.6^)2 / 5 =
15.68

10 vol
√∑ ((11 + 21 + 16 + 38 + 27) - 22.6^)2 / 5 =
18.08

15 vol
√∑ ((28 + 50 + 67 + 42 + 2) - 37.8^)2 / 5 =
30.24

20 vol
√∑ ((23 + 41 + 49 + 47 + 51) - 42.1^)2 / 5 =
33.78

Statistical analysis

When first seeing the results after all trials in all concentrations of Hydrogen Peroxide volumes,
it was evident that certain individual trials yielded notably different results, with instances such
as 15 vol standing out, with trial 1 being 28, while 2 and 3 were 50 and 67, and the final trial
being 2. However, upon calculating the average of all the recorded amounts of collected
oxygen, a discernible increasing pattern became apparent, and despite the few and yet
surprising values in the many trials, the overall trend indicated a consistent rise in the average
hydrogen peroxide volume concentrations as the trials progressed, emphasizing the
significance of considering aggregate data to identify underlying patterns and trends within the
experimental results.

Similarly to when calculating the average of all oxygen that was collected during the many trials
with other H2O2 volume concentrations, the standard deviation analysis also revealed a
consistent trend as well. As the concentration of hydrogen peroxide volume increased, there
was a noticeable rise in the amount of oxygen collected, as evidenced by the increasing
standard deviation, this trend thus emphasizing the prediction of the hypothesis, that being that
with each concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide volume, the average of the total amount of
collected Oxygen increases as well.

When looking at the Uncertainty Percentage however, it's possible to see a trend where the
values with each Hydrogen Peroxide volume concentration decrease, beginning with 5% and
ending with 2%, this perhaps shows that with each of the trials done, the values more accurate
get with each increasing Hydrogen Peroxide volume concentration.

Graphs

Analysis

The hand-drawn graph that clearly shows the relationship between hydrogen peroxide
concentrations and the rate of enzyme action in oxygen gas production reveals a clear
increasing trend, that being as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide increases, the average
amount of oxygen collected rises, indicative of a positive correlation between the two variables.
This trend is further supported by the standard deviation analysis, which also demonstrates an
increase, suggesting greater variability in the collected oxygen as the concentration of hydrogen
peroxide rises.

Another thing to note which is of quite importance however, is the trend in the Uncertainty
Percentage, which suggests that the lower the values became with each rising concentration,
the more accurate the results, as lower values reflect more accurate data. This relationship
between the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and the rate of enzyme action in oxygen gas
production highlights the impact of substrate concentration on enzyme activity, showing what
again the hypothesis once claimed, thus making its prediction right, that being with each
concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide volume’s increase, the more of increasing results in
regards to the dependent variable that is the amount of collected oxygen can be seen.

Evaluation

In conclusion, not only do the hypothesis' assertions further show some level of truth in the
analysis of calculated data, graph trends, and uncertainty percentage, but the consistent trend
of increased oxygen gas production with rising hydrogen peroxide concentrations substantiates
the hypothesis regarding substrate concentration and enzyme activity as well. The graph's
visual representation and the uncertainty percentages strongly support the claim that higher
hydrogen peroxide volumes result in greater oxygen gas quantities and more accuracy in such
results. These collective findings from data analysis, graphical representation, and uncertainty
percentage underscore the direct correlation between hydrogen peroxide volume and
subsequent oxygen gas production, affirming the initial hypothesis.

Strengths

The investigation surely had many positives thanks to a generous time of two full school days
granted by the department of the school, thus providing ample opportunity for careful
experimentation and thorough analysis, along with the readily available equipment greatly
facilitated the smooth execution of the experiment, ensuring accuracy and reliability in the
results and the supportive staff played a pivotal role in elucidating uncertainties surrounding
hydrogen peroxide concentrations, offering valuable insights that enhanced the investigation's
precision. Furthermore, the continuous guidance and assistance from the teachers throughout
the process were instrumental in ensuring a successful execution of the experiment, but of
course, there were limitations in this IA, although very few, there still were, which thankfully,
were resolved and allowed these results to be brought to fruition.

Limitations

Source of Error Impact on Results Improvements

 After each trial using the
boiling tubes, the tube of
course was full of reacted
yeast, and it needed to be
rinsed with water in order to
be used again, and thanks to
the difficulties of finding
proper equipment, some
residue of water still
remained in the tubes.
The presence of residual
water in the tubes resulting
from rinsing after each trial
might have compromised the
accuracy of subsequent
measurements, potentially
influencing the recorded
quantity of collected oxygen
gas.
Implementing more
meticulous procedures for
equipment cleaning,
specifically aimed at reducing
residual water, could
enhance the precision and
reliability of future
measurements, perhaps even
the possibility of finding a
proper boiling tube cleaner
may suffice, if there even
exists one of course.

There is a reason for two The unexpected malfunction Ensuring the availability of
syringes to have been of the original 100 ml syringe additional backup equipment
needed in order to conduct during the trials, leading to its and conducting routine
this IA, and this reason is inability to accurately checks on equipment
because the original 100 ml measure the collected functionality could prevent
syringe I was making use of oxygen, likely affected the similar issues and maintain
at some point during the trials overall precision and the consistency of data
of 10 vol, suddenly just consistency of the previously collection throughout the
stopped showing how much recorded data. experiment and without any
oxygen gas was collected, sudden problems and
this was already becoming interruptions such as this.
evident when the syringe
wasn’t going as fast as it
should’ve been in previous
trials of previous
concentrations, so I had to
wait for a short moment for
another student to finish her
Data Collection in order to
use her syringe, which
thankfully worked fine.

Controlled Variables:

Thankfully, in this Internal Assessment, all of the controlled variables once mentioned in the
exploration pages ago were able to indeed be controlled most times, there being really few
instances where I forgot to control it thanks to some event that transpired during school. The
amount of pH was kept consistent throughout all of the trials involving every single
concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide volume along with the amount of yeast thanks to the
balance giving me the needed amount for 0.1 grams, and talking about the many concentrations
of Hydrogen Peroxide, most times, all of them were able to be kept at 10 ml thanks to the
measuring cylinder I was making use of at that time, and when the gas collection at the syringe
began, the majority of times ended in 3 exact minutes, although the small minority of times
ended in 3 minutes and 2 seconds for example. However, there were few times where it would
be either a little bit more of the needed 10 ml or a little bit less that may have had influence on
the initial results. Talking about the initial results as well, I began this IA by beginning from the
highest volume, this being 20, and ending the data collection on its lowest, 0 vol, and during the
first time I was making such first 5 trials, I was indeed able to take out 5 “successful” trials,
however, that's when I noticed on the next day that I had forgot to include a proper amount of
time, a proper amount of Hydrogen Peroxide and proper amount of pH 7. Perhaps you might
consider these first failed trials to be test runs?

Independent Variable:

As previously stated in the controlled variables section, indeed, I had failed during the first trials
to set a proper amount of Hydrogen Peroxide volumes needed to conduct such IA, because if I
had continued on placing in any amount of H2O2 I so desired, then it would rinder this IA
useless because there was no consistency between the trials done, thus granting more
inaccurate and nonsensical results. Thankfully however, thanks to me taking my time in the first
day to set up my IA and doing these test runs in that same day, I was able to arrive in the
second day with a clearer understanding of what I had done wrong and what I needed to do
right, thus the rest of the day was spent on the Data Collection of the results with 10 ml of
Hydrogen Peroxide volumes being used in order to conduct such research, with its many
concentrations being controlled perfectly thanks to all of them having the same amount and
them being placed at the same time as the pH on the boiling tube with the yeast.

Dependent Variable:

Unfortunately, as previously mentioned in the limitations section, the original 100 milliliter
syringe I was making use of during my second day of making my Internal Assessment had
suddenly stopped working when I was in the 3rd trial of the 10 vol, while already showing signs
of it stopping to work on the 1st and 2nd trials of such concentration of H2O2 volume. However,
this does not mean that all of the Dependent Variables were affected by such random error,
perhaps the only error involving the Dependent Variable was the syringe stopping to work, the
rest on the other hand worked fine and granted me the results I needed in order to commence
the trials, for example, the balance which gave me the 0.1 grams of yeast was very fast in telling
me when I reached the amount I needed and when I had surpassed it, and thanks to the syringe
used to take the stored pH from its flask up to the boiling tube, I was able to see how much was
needed to see how much was needed for a drop of pH 7.

Further Investigation:

An extension to further enhance the scope of this investigation could involve exploring the
influence of pharmaceutical drugs on enzymatic activity. Adding a drug like Panadol to the yeast
in the experiment would allow for comparison and contrast of total oxygen gas production.
Conducting a t-test could determine as well if significant differences are caused by
pharmaceutical drugs in oxygen gas production and their impact, whether positive or negative,
on such enzymatic activity, and a possible research question might be about the effect of
pharmaceutical drugs, specifically Panadol, on the enzymatic activity in the hydrogen peroxide
and dried yeast reaction, gauged by the volume of produced oxygen gas. Success in
showcasing the effects of pharmaceutical drugs on enzyme activity, in other words, this
research question, could truly offer valuable insights for cancer research and cell studies.

To further advance this investigative approach, studying enzymatic activity concerning varying
blood glucose levels could be pursued as well, thus investigating how different sugar
concentrations in the blood influence the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide might offer insights
into normal cell function and aid research in cancer and diabetes. This could perhaps involve
mixing yeast or using potatoes as a more human-like substance, where glucose is introduced
into the potatoes and reacted with hydrogen peroxide to measure oxygen gas production. A
research question based on this exploration could focus on the impact of different glucose
concentrations in potatoes on oxygen gas production when reacting with hydrogen peroxide?

Articles:

A1:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9781782422853000028

A2:
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/exploring-enzymes/

A3:
https://biologydictionary.net/active-site/

A4:
https://alevelbiology.co.uk/notes/factors-affecting-enzyme-activity/#:~:text=Factors%20affecting
%20enzyme%20activity%20include,chemical%20reactions%20in%20biological%20systems

A5:
https://alevelbiology.co.uk/notes/biological-catalysts-enzymes/