TOPIC NAME
TOPIC NAME
1.Autogamy
2.Abiotic agents of pollination
3. Biotic agents of pollination
4. Wind pollination
5.Water pollination
6. Insect or wind pollination
7. Endosperms compeletly consumed by
developing embryo before seed maturation
EXAMLPES
Viola(commom pansy), Oxalic & Commelina
wind & water
Animals [bees, butterflies , beetles,wasp, ants
,moths ,birds (sunbird & humming birds), bats,
some primates & arboeal (tree-dwelling) redent ,
reptiles (gecko lizard & garden lizard]
Grasses
Algae , bryophytes , pteridophytes
• Vallisneria & Hydrilla (grow in fresh water)
• Zostera (grow in marine water)
Water hyacinth & water lily
Pea, goundnut ,beans
 TOPIC NAME EXAMLPES
TOPIC NAME
8. Persistent endosperm Castor & coconut

9. Albuminous seed Wheat , maize, barley, castor, sunflower

10. Non-Albuminous seed Pea & groundnut

11. True fruits Most of the fruits

12. False fruits Apple , strawberry , cashew

13. Parthenocarpic fruits Banana

14. Apomixis Asteraceae & grasses

 TOPIC NAME EXAMLPES
15.TOPIC NAME
Polyembryony Citrus fruits
16. Hormones released during pregnancy hCG, hPL, Estrogens ,progestogens (by placenta)
Relaxin (by ovary)
During pregnancy levels of estrogens ,progestrogens,
cortisol, polactin, thyroxin are also increased in
maternal blood.
17. Natural methods of contraception • Periodic abstinence
• Withdrawal or coitus interrupts
• Lactational amenorrhea
18. Barrier methods of contraception • Condoms, diaphragms , cervical caps & vaults
19. IUDs • Non-medicated IUDs – Lippes loop
• Copper releasing IUDs – CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375
• Hormone releasing IUDs - Progestasert & LNG - 20
 TOPIC NAME EXAMLPES
TOPIC NAME
20. Incomplete dominance Dog flower (snapdragon or Antirrhinum species)

21. Co-dominance ABO blood grouping

22. Multiple allelism ABO blood grouping

23. Pleiotrophy Phenylketonuria

24. Male Heterogamety Humans & drosophilla (XY)

25. Female Heterogamety Birds (ZW)

26.Point mutation Sickle cell anemia

 TOPIC NAME EXAMLPES
TOPIC NAME
27. Mendelian disorders Haemophilia , Cystic fibrosis , Sickle cell anemia,
colorblindness. Phenylketonuria ,thalassemia .

28. Chromosomal disorders Down’s syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome,

Turner’s syndrome
29. Purines Adenine & Guanine

30. Pyrimidines Cytosine, Uracil & Thymine

31. Homologous structures • Forelimbs of whales , bats ,cheetah & humans

(Divergent evolution) • Vertebrates hearts or brains
• Thorns & tenders of Bougainvillea & Cucurbita
 TOPIC NAME EXAMLPES
TOPIC NAME
32. Analogous structures • Wings of butterfly & birds
• Eye of octopus & mammals
• Flippers of penguins & dolphins
33. Root modification Sweet potato

34. Stem modification Potato

35. Adaptive radiation • Darwin finches

• Australian Marsupial
36. Placental mammals Mole ,anteater ,mouse, lemur, flying squirrel ,
bobcat, wolf
37. Australian mammals Marsupial mole, numbat (anteater), marsupial
mouse, spotted cuscus ,flying phalanger,
Tasmanian tiger cat ,Tasmanian wolf
 TOPIC NAME EXAMLPES
38.TOPIC
Passive NAME
immunity Colostrum ,Injection in case of snake bites

39. Primary lymphoid organs Bone marrow, & thymus

40. Secondary lymphoid organs
41. Major biomes of India
42. Predation
Spleen lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer’s patches of
small intestine & appendix.
• Tropical rain forest
• Deciduous forest
• Desert
• Sea coast
Prickly pear cactus and cactus feeding predator

43. Parasitism • Life cycle od human liver fluke

• Malarial parasite
• Cuscuta
 TOPIC NAME EXAMLPES
44.TOPIC
A BruteNAME
parasitism Cuckoo (koel) & the crow

45. Commensalism • Barnacles growing on the back of a whale

46. Mutualism
47.Plants with hallucinogenic properties
• An orchid growing on as an epiphyte on a
mango branch
• Cattle Egret & grazing cattle
• Sea anemone & clown fish
• Lichens – mutualistic relationship between a
fungus and a photosynthesizing algae or
cyanobacteria
• Mycorrhizae – association between fungi &
roots of higher plants
• Pollination (zoophily, entomophily )
• Between fig tree & wasp
Erythroxylum coca, atropa belladonna & datura
 TOPIC NAME EXAMLPES
TOPIC NAME
48. Symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria Rhizobium

49. Free living nitrogen fixing bacteria Azospiillum & Azotobacter

50. Cyanobacteia as nitrogen fixer Anabaena , Nostoc , Oscillatoria

51. Competition Between superior barnacle Balanus & smaller

barnacle
52. In situ conservation Biosphere reserve , national parks ,wildlife
sanctuaries .
53. Ex situ conservation Zoological parks , botanical gardens & wildlife
safari parks