Unit 1 & 2: Biochemistry Study Guide

Be sure to also study your digestive system notes (type your answers in a different color font)

1. What are the seven steps of an experiment?

a. observation
b. question
c. hypothesis
d. experiment
e. conclusion
f. Share results

Match the words to the description that best suits each word.

3. Control A a. Depicts what is supposed to

4. Dependent Variable D happen naturally
5. Independent Variable C b. Common traits of an experiment
6. Constant B c. A characteristic that is altere
d. The result of the change
.

Use the following prompt for the next two questions.

In the 1800's Louis Pasteur conducted an experiment to determine what caused
microbial (bacteria) life on food. While some believed that bacteria spontaneously
generated themselves from nothing, Pasteur believed that dust particles contained
bacteria. For his experiment, heated up two S-flasks with the same broth to kill off any
existing bacteria. After killing off the bacteria, Pasteur broke the S- shape lid of one of
the flasks, and let both flasks sit in the same location for a week. When Pasteur
observed the two broths, he noticed that the flask with the broken lid grew bacteria.

Microbial growth
7. List the following components of Pasteur's experiment:
 ● Pasteur's hypothesis: dust particles contained bacteria

● Constants:

● Control Group:

● Independent Variable:

● Dependent Variable: bacterias growth

8. Based on the information above, what would Pasteur need to do to make his
experiment valid?

9. List the characteristics of living organisms?

10. What are the differences between multicellular and unicellular organisms?

11. All organisms require energy to survive. Describe how organisms obtain energy
along with how we can use that energy.

12. If you can describe homeostasis with one word, what word would you use?

13. Why do organisms evolve?

14. In order to observe detailed images of microbial organisms, what instrument

would you use?
15. In the chart to the Below, list the three subatomic particles along with their
charges and location.
Particle Charge Location

16. Describe why an isotope is radioactive?

17. While excavating a Mayan temple, you find a mummified corpse of a chief. You
take the corpse back to your lab and through Carbon - 14 testing you find that the
mummy is 2000 years old. If Carbon- 14 has a half-life of 400 years, determine
how many half-lives occurred along with how much Carbon -14 remains. Hint:
Use percentages to determine the remaining amount of Carbon-14.

18. How do compounds form?

19. Describe what an ion is, along with what makes an ion positive or negative and
how this happens. Give an example.

20. Briefly describe Van Der Waals forces.

21. Draw a water molecule performing a hydrogen bond with another water
molecule.
22. Explain using the example of rain water and glass to illustrate the properties of
cohesion and adhesion.

23. Describe how a paper clip can float on water.

24. How does capillary action work?

25. What is the difference between a solution and suspension?

26. What are the six main elements that make up all living organisms?

27. What is special about carbon? Hint: Think about its structure.

28. In order to create a polymer from a monomer, monomers have to go through this
process.

29. Insert your own macromolecules/Carbon Compound chart. (Do not copy and
paste)
30. In this following equation, determine which are the products and the reactants:
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6CO2

31. How can you tell the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions?

32. Describe the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions/graphs.

33. What is the function of an enzyme?

34. How does an enzyme work?

35. Describe the ways an enzyme can be influenced along with what happens to the
enzyme for each.

36. Be able to label the location and know the function of the organs belonging to the
digestive system.

37. What is the proper order of the digestive tract in which food gets digested? Hint:
The food will not pass through all digestive system organs.

38. Which enzymes are involved in chemical digestion of carbohydrates? Proteins?

Lipids/Fats?

39. Describe the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion.