Chapter 2 Ok

Aa¨vq-02 (‡f±i)
cÖ‡qvRbxq UwcK:
ক। ⃗A I B
⃗ †f±i `ywUi gaëZ©x †KvY θ n‡j,
⃗ = ABcos; [0 ≤  ≤ ]
⃗ ⋅B
WU ¸Yb: A
⃗ =
Ges µm ¸Yb: ⃗A × B ̂ AB sin; [‡hLv‡b, 
̂ n‡”Q ⃗A × B
⃗ Gi j¤^w`‡K (Orthogonal)
GKK †f±i]
⃗A
⃗ ⋅B
⃗⃗
 ⃗A †f±i eivei ⃗⃗⃗B Gi Awf‡¶c = Bcos =
A
⃗A
⃗ ⋅B
⃗⃗ ⃗A
⃗ ⃗A
⃗ ⋅B
⃗⃗
 ⃗A Gi w`‡K ⃗⃗⃗B Gi Dcvsk = (Bcos)â = ( ) =( ) ⃗A
A A A2
** MvwYwZK cÖkœvejx
১। 𝐚⃗ = 𝐢̇̂ + 𝟐𝐣̇̂ + 𝟐𝐤
̂ এবং 𝐛 = 𝟒𝐢̇̂ + 𝟖𝐣̇̂ − 𝐤
̂ হলে 𝐚⃗ ভেক্টলেে উপে 𝐛 ভেক্টলেে অভেলেপ ও
𝐚⃗ ভেক্টে বোবে 𝐛 এে উপাংশ ভির্ণয় কে।
⃗
⃗ .b
a
অভেলেপ =
a
4+16−2
= = 6 (Ans.)
√1+4+4
⃗
⃗ .b
a
Again, উপাংশ = ( ) â
a
̂
i̇̂+2j̇̂+2k
= (6) ( )
3
= (2i̇̂ + 4ĵ + 4k̂) (Ans.)
২। hw` a̅ = î + ĵ + k̂, b̅ = √3î + 3ĵ − 2k̂ nq Zvn‡j b̅ †f±‡ii Dci a̅ ‡f±‡ii Awf‡ÿc †ei
Ki|
mgvavb:
a̅ = î + ĵ + k̂,
b̅ = √3î + 3ĵ − 2k̂
898
a̅. b̅ = ab cosθ
̅
a̅.b
 a cosθ =
𝑏
̂)(√3î+3ĵ−2k
(î+ĵ+k ̂)
=
2
√(√3) +32 +22
√3+ 3−2
=
√16
√3+ 1
= (𝐴𝑛𝑠)
4
৩। ‡f±i c×wZ‡Z 3î + ĵ + k Ges 2i + 2j − k Gi †Q`we›`y Mvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb:
†h‡nZz 3î + ĵ + k̂ Ges 2î + 2ĵ − k̂ Gi †Q`we›`y g~j we›`y‡Z, ZvB g~jwe›`yMvgx †h †Kvb
†f±iB 3î + ĵ + k̂ Ges 2î + 2ĵ − k̂ Gi †Q`we›`y Mvgx n‡e|
ZvB mij‡iLvi †f±i mgxKiY,
r =< 0, 0, 0 > +𝑡 < 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 >
 x = at, y = bt, z = ct
x y z
 wb‡Y©q mgxKiY = = †hLv‡b a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0, c ≠ 0 (𝐴𝑛𝑠)
a b c
৪। 𝐵
⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ †f±i Gi j¤^ w`K eivei 𝐴 = −𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ †f±i Gi AskK 𝑊
⃗⃗⃗ wbY©q
⃗⃗⃗ †f±‡ii Dci 𝐴 †f±‡ii Awf‡ÿc wbY©q Ki|
Ki| AZ:ci 𝑊
𝐴.𝐵 ⃗ ⃗
𝐵 ̂
−2+4+6 2𝑖̂−4𝑗̂ +3𝑘 8
⃗ eivei Gi AskK ⃗⃗⃗⃗
mgvavb: 𝐵 𝐴𝑥 = ⃗ . ⃗|
= . = (2𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂)
|𝐵 | |𝐵 √29 √29 29
⃗ Gi j¤^ eivei 𝐴Gi AskK ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝐵 𝐴𝑦
GLb, 𝐴 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑥 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑦
8
𝐴𝑦 = 𝐴 − 𝐴𝑥 = (−𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂) −
⃗⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗
∴𝑊 (2𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂)
29
45 3 34
= 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ (𝐴𝑛𝑠)
29 29 29
899
45 3 68
⃗⃗⃗ .𝐴
𝑊 − + 110
⃗⃗⃗ Gi Dci 𝐴 Gi Awf‡ÿc
𝑊 = ⃗⃗⃗ = 29 29 29
= (𝐴𝑛𝑠. )
|𝑊| √3190 √3190
29
  
= 5 î  3 ˆj + 2 k̂ , Q = 2 î + ˆj  2 k̂ n‡j,

5. P P †f±‡ii w`‡K Q †f±‡ii Dcvsk wbY©q Ki.

DËi : †Ìqv Av‡Q, P = 5 î  3 ˆj + 2 k̂

Q = 2 î + ˆj  2 k̂
 
P †f±‡ii w`‡K Q †f±‡ii Dcvsk wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
 
mgvavb : P . Q = (5 î  3 ˆj + 2 k̂ ).(2 î + ˆj  2 k̂ )
= 10  3  4
=3

| P | = 52 + (3)2 + 22 = 25 + 9 + 4 = 38

| Q | = 22 + 12 + (2)2 = 4 + 1 + 4 = 3
   
GLb, P . Q = | P || Q | cos
  3 1
 cos = P.Q
  = =
P Q 38.3 38

 P
P -Gi w`‡K GKK †f±i = P̂ = 
P
5î  3 ĵ  2k̂
=
38
 
AZGe, P †f±‡ii w`‡K Q †f±‡ii Dcvsk

= ( Q . P̂ ) P̂
 5î  3 ĵ  2k̂ 
= (2î  ĵ  2k̂ ).  P̂
 38 
10  3  4
= P̂
38
3
= P̂ (Ans.)
38
900
 
6. B  2 î  10 ĵ  11k̂ †f±i eivei A  2 î  2 ĵ  k̂ †f±‡ii Dcvsk KZ.

mgvavb : B †f±‡ii w`K eivei GKK †f±i
2i  10 j  11k 2î  10 ĵ  11k̂
= =  b̂
2  10  (11)
2 2 2 15

B †f±i eivei

A †f±‡ii Dcvsk= A . b̂b̂
=



 2î  2 ĵ  k̂ 
2î  10 ĵ  11k̂ 
15
b̂

4  20  11 13
= b̂ = b̂
15 15
 Dcvs‡ki gvb= 13
b̂ = 13
(Ans.)
15 15
n‡j 
b †f±‡ii Dci 
 
7. a  î  ĵ  k̂ I b  3 î  3 ĵ  2k̂ a †f±‡ii Awf‡¶c wbY©q Ki.

mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a  î  ĵ  k̂ I

b  3î  3 ĵ  2k̂

Zvn‡j, a.b = ab cos  [†f±iØ‡qi AšM©Z †KvY ]
 
= b ( b eivei a Gi Awf‡¶c)

A_©vr, a cos  = a .b

b

GLb, a.b = 1. 3  1.3  1(2)
= 3 3 2= 3 1

I b = 39 4 = 16 =4
3 1
 a cos  =
4
3 1
 wb‡Y©q Awf‡¶c = (Ans.)
4
901
8. A(0, 1, 2), B(– 1, 3, 0), C(1, – 1, 1) we›`y wZbwUi Ae¯’vb †f±i wjL Ges AB I AC wbY©q
Ki|
: A(0, 1, 2), B(– 1, 3, 0), C(1, – 1, 1) we›`y wZbwUi Ae¯’vb †f±i Ges AB I AC wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
mgvavb :
A we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i OA = 0.î  1. ĵ  2.k̂
= ĵ  2k̂
B we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i OB =  î  3 ĵ
C we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i OC = î  ĵ  k̂
GLb, AB = OB  OA
=  î  3 ĵ ĵ  2k̂ 

=  î  2 ĵ  2k̂
 AB = (– 1)2 + 22 + (–2)2
= 1+4+4
= 9=3
AC = OC  OA
= î  ĵ  k̂   ĵ  2k̂ 

= î  2 ĵ  k̂
 AC = 12 + (–2)2 + (–1)2 = 1 + 4 + 1 = 6
wb‡Y©q, AB  3 , AC  6 (Ans.)
   
9. P = 5 î  3 ˆj + 2 k̂ , Q = 2 î + ˆj  2 k̂ n‡j, P †f±‡ii w`‡K Q †f±‡ii j¤^ Awf‡¶c wbY©q Ki.

DËi : †Ìqv Av‡Q, P = 5 î  3 ˆj + 2 k̂

Q = 2 î + ˆj  2 k̂
902
 
P †f±‡ii w`‡K Q †f±‡ii j¤^ Awf‡¶c wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|

. Q = (5 î  3 ˆj + 2 k̂ ).(2 î + ˆj  2 k̂ )

mgvavb : P
= 10  3  4
=3

| P | = 52 + (3)2 + 22 = 25 + 9 + 4 = 38

| Q | = 22 + 12 + (2)2 = 4 + 1 + 4 = 3
   
GLb, P . Q = | P || Q | cos
  3 1
 cos = P.Q
  = =
P Q 38.3 38
  
P -Gi w`K eivei Q -Gi j¤^ Awf‡¶c = | Q | cos
1 3
=3 = (Ans.)
38 38
10. hw` A = 2i − j + 3k, B = 3i + 4j − 5k nq, Zvn‡j B †f±‡ii Dci A †f±‡ii Awf‡ÿc

wbY©q Ki.
†Ìqv Av‡Q, A = 2i − j + 3k
B = 3i + 4j − 5k
B †f±‡ii w`‡K A †f±‡ii j¤^ Awf‡¶c wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
⃗ .B
A ⃗
Acosθ =
⃗|
|B
23 + 4(−1) + 3(−5)
=
√32 + 42 + (−5)2
13√2
= (Ans.)
10
903
খ। mgZjxq †f±it
Ax Ay Az
 A⃗ ,B ⃗ wZbwU †f±i GKB mgZ‡j _vK‡j, ⌊Bx By
⃗ ,C Bz ⌋ = 0
Cx Cy Cz
 ⃗A = Ax ̂i̇ + Aŷj̇ + Az k̂, B
⃗ = Bx ̂i̇ + Bŷj̇ + Bz k̂ ; ⃗C = Cx ̂i̇ + Cŷj̇ + Cz k̂
1. P I P we›`yi ¯’vbvsK h_vµ‡g (1,1,1) Ges (3,2,-1) n‡j PQ †f±‡ii mgvšÍiv‡j GKK †f±i
wbY©q Ki|
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂; 𝑂𝑄
mgvavb: 𝑂𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
∴ 𝑃𝑄 𝑂𝑄 − 𝑂𝑃⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂) − (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄 ̂
2𝑖̂+𝑗̂ −2𝑘 1
wb‡Y©q GKK †f±i= ± ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ± − = ± (2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂)(𝐴𝑛𝑠)
𝑃𝑄 √22 +12 +(−2)2 3
2. hw` (𝒂𝒊 + 𝒃𝒋 + 𝒌) × (𝟐𝒊 + 𝟐𝒋 + 𝟑𝒌) = 𝒊 − 𝒋 nq, Z‡e a Ges b Gi gvb wbY©q

Ki|
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
mgvavb:|𝑎 𝑏 1| = 𝑖(3𝑏 − 2) −
2 2 3
𝑗(3𝑎 − 2) + 𝑘(2𝑎 − 2𝑏) ∴ 𝑖(3𝑏 − 2) − 𝑗(3𝑎 − 2) + 𝑘(2𝑎 − 2𝑏) = 𝑖 − 𝑗
Dfq c‡ÿ 𝑖 I 𝑗 Gi mnM mgxK…Z Ki‡j 3𝑏 − 2 = 1, 3𝑎 − 2 = 1, 2𝑎 − 2𝑏 = 0

⇒ 𝑏 = 1, 𝑎 = 1, 𝑎 = 𝑏cÖvß dj¸‡jv mym½Z (𝑐𝑜ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡)[𝑎 = 𝑏 = 1] ∴ 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 =
1 (𝐴𝑛𝑠)
3. 2 î  ĵ  k̂ I î  2 ĵ  k̂ †f±iØ‡qi j¤^ GKK †f±i †ei Ki.

DËi : 2î  ĵ  k̂ Ges î  2 ĵ  k̂ †f±iØ‡qi j¤^ GKK †f±i †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|

mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, A  2î  ĵ  k̂ I

B  î  2 ĵ  k̂
904
Zvn‡j, j¤^ †f±i 
 n‡j,
   
A  B  AB sin    A  B
î ĵ k̂
 
GLb, AB = 2 1 1
1 2 1
= î (1  2)  ĵ(2  1)  k̂ (4  1)
= 3î  ĵ  5k̂
 
Ges A  B = 9  1  25 = 35
 
 ̂ =  A  B = 
3î  ĵ  6k̂
AB 35
 3 1 6 
=   î  ĵ  k̂ 
 35 35 35 
BnvB wb‡Y©q GKK †f±i| (Ans.)
4. `ywU †f±‡ii µm ¸Y‡bi mvnv‡h¨ mgZ‡ji Dci j¤^ GKK †f±i wbY©q Ki:
Ex: A  2î  6ˆj  3k̂ ; B  4î  3 ĵ  k̂ ‡f±iØq Øviv MwVZ mgZ‡ji Dci j¤^ GKK †f±i wbY©q Ki|
1
Ans: ( 3î  2 ĵ  6k̂ )
7
A  3î  2 ĵ  2k̂ ; B  î  ĵ  4k̂ n‡j-
(i) A Ges B Gi jwä †f±‡ii mgvšÍivj GKK †f±i
(ii) A Ges B Gi jwä †f±‡ii m`„k I wem„`k mgvšÍivj GKK †f±i wbY©q Ki|
1
Ans: (i) + (2î  3 ĵ  6k̂ );
7
1 1
(i) + (2î  3 ĵ  6k̂ ) ; - ( 2î  3 ĵ  6k̂ )
7 7
5. aªeK 'a' Gi gvb KZ n‡j 2î + ĵ – k̂ , 3î – 2ˆj + 4k̂ Ges î – 3 ĵ + ak̂ GB wZbwU †f±i GKB
mgZ‡j _vK‡e?
905
DËi : 'a' Gi gvb KZ n‡j 2î + ĵ – k̂ , 3î – 2ˆj + 4k̂ Ges î – 3 ĵ + ak̂ GB †f±i wZbwU GKB mgZ‡j
_vK‡e Zv wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi,


A = 2 î + ˆj – k̂

B= 3î – 2ˆj + 4k̂

c = î – 3ˆj + ak̂
†f±i wZbwU GKB mgZ‡j _vK‡j Avgiv cvB,

2 1 1
1
3 2 4 =0
2
1 3 a
2 1 0
ev, 3 2 2 = 0 [c3 = c2 + c3 cÖ‡qvM K‡i]
1 3 a 3
ev, 2 (– 2a + 6 + 6) – 1 ( 3a – 9 –2 ) = 0
ev, 2 ( 12 – 2a ) – (3a – 11) = 0
ev, 24 – 4a – 3a + 11 = 0
ev, 35 – 7a = 0 ev, 7a = 35
35
 a= 7
 a=5
 a Gi gvb 5 n‡j cÖ`Ë †f±iÎq GKB mgZ‡j _vK‡e|
a2  b2  c2
6. †f±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ cÖgvY Ki : †h †Kvb wÎfy‡R cos C = .
2ab
DËi : †f±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,

a 2  b2  c2
cos C =
2ab
906
 
cÖgvY : g‡b Kwi, ABC G CB  a , CA  b
A B
 
Zvn‡j AB  CB  CA  a  b
  a  b. a  b a

 AB =
2
2 
 b 2  2a.b
ev, c2 = a2  2ab cos C + b2

ev, 2ab cos C = a2 + b2  c2
a 2  b2  c2
 cos C = (cÖgvwYZ)
2ab
 
a  î  ˆj  kˆ , b  î  ˆj  kˆ
7. Ges

c  î  ˆj  kˆ
n‡j   + b . c  + c . a  Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
 
a .b
DËi :

â  î  ĵ  k̂, b  î  ĵ  k̂ Ges 
c  î  ĵ  k̂ n‡j a . b  + b . c + c . a  Gi gvb wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë †f±iÎq,

a  î  ĵ  k̂

b  î  ĵ  k̂

c  î  ĵ  k̂
 a . b  = î  ĵ  k̂  . î  ĵ  k̂ 

= 1– 1 + 1
907
=1
b . c = î  ĵ  k̂  . î  ĵ  k̂ 
=1–1–1
=–1
c . a  = î  ĵ  k̂  . î  ĵ  k̂ 
= 1 + 1– 1
=1
 a . b  b . c c .a = 1 – 1 + 1 = 1 (Ans.)
̅ = 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ + 𝒌̂ Ges 𝒃
8. GKwU GKK †f±i wbY©q Ki hv 𝒂 ̅ = 𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂ − 𝒌̂ †f±iØ‡qi mgZjxq Ges
⃗ †f±‡ii Dci j¤^|
𝒂
mgvavb: wb‡Y©q †f±i 𝑟 = 𝑎 + 𝑝𝑏⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ + 𝑝(𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ ) = (1 + 𝑝)𝑖̂ + (1 −
𝑝)𝑗̂ + (1 − 𝑝)𝑘̂
𝑟. 𝑎 = 0 ⇒ 1 + 𝑝 + 1 − 𝑝 + 1 − 𝑝 = 0 ⇒ 𝑝 = 3 ∴ 𝑟 = 4𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
𝑟 ̂
4𝑖̂−2𝑗̂ −2𝑘 ̂
2𝑖̂−𝑗̂ −𝑘 ̂
2𝑖̂−𝑗̂ −𝑘
∴ GKK †f±i = ± |𝑟| = ± =± ∴GKK †f±i = ± (Ans.)
2√6 √6 √6
9. 𝐚 Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ ⃗𝑨 ⃗ , ⃗𝑩

⃗ = 𝟐𝒊 + 𝟑𝒋 + 𝟒𝒌 ⃗ I ⃗𝑪 = 𝒂𝒊 + 𝟕𝒋 +
⃗ = 𝟑𝒊 + 𝟒𝒋 + 𝒂𝒌
⃗ mgZjxq n‡e?
𝟗𝒌
⃗ 𝐶 ) = 0 nq |
mgZjxq n‡e hw` 𝐴. (𝐵
2 3 4
|3 4 a | = 2(36 − 7a) + 3(a2 − 27) + 4(21 − 4a) = 3a2 − 30a + 75 = 0
a 7 9
 a2 − 10a + 25 = 0  (a − 5)2 = 0  a = 5 (Ans.)
̅ = 𝟐𝐢̂ − 𝟑𝐣̂ − 𝐤̅ Ges 𝐐

10. `ywU †f±i 𝐏 ̅ = 𝐢̅ + 𝟒𝐣̅ − 𝟐𝐤̅ Øviv MwVZ mgZ‡ji Dci GKK j¤^
†f±i KZ?
908
î ĵ k̂
⃗PQ
⃗ = |2 −3 −1|
1 4 −2
= î(6 + 4) + ĵ(−1 + 4) + k̂ (8 + 3)
= 10î + 3ĵ + 11k̂
⃗ Q
|P ⃗ | = √102 + 32 + 112 = √230
⃗P×Q⃗⃗ 1
 wb‡Y©q GKK †f±i = ± ⃗ ×Q
⃗⃗ |
= ± (10𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 11𝑘̂)
|P √230
গ। †¶Îd‡ji aviYvt
 mvgvš—wi‡Ki `ywU mwbœwnZ evû eivei wµqvkxj †f±i ⃗⃗⃗A I B
⃗ n‡j mvgvš—wi‡Ki †¶Îdj
= |A⃗ ×B ⃗ | eM© GKK
 P ⃗ †f±i `ywU mvgvš—wi‡Ki KY© eivei wµqvkxj n‡j mvgvš—wi‡Ki †¶Îdj =
⃗ IQ
1
⃗ × ⃗Q| eM© GKK
|P
2
⃗ n‡j †¶Îdj ∆ = 1 |A
 wÎfz‡Ri `ywU mwbœwnZ evû eivei wµqvkxj †f±i ⃗⃗⃗A I B ⃗ × B| eM©
2
GKK
 AvqZ‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj = |P
⃗ × ⃗Q| eM© GKK
(i) P
A P
(ii) O Q Q
(i) B
(iii) (iv)
2. P(x1 , y1 , z1 ) I Q(x2 , y2 , z2 ) `yBwU we›`y n‡j,

(ii)
∆ POQ G, OP⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + PQ
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = OQ
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = x1 ̂i̇ + y1̂j̇ + z1 k̂
r1 = OP
909
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = OQ
∴ PQ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − OP
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = x2 ̂i̇ + y2̂j̇ + z2 k̂
r2 = OQ
= (x2 ̂i̇ + y2̂j̇ + z2 k̂) − (x1 ̂i̇ + y1̂j̇ + z1 k̂); ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
PQ = (x2 − x1 )1 ̂i̇ + (y2 − y1 )j̇̂ +
(z2 − z1 )k̂
3.
⃗⃗ ×B
A ⃗⃗
A ⃗ †f±iØ‡qi j¤^w`‡K GKK †f±i, 
⃗ IB ̂ = ± ⃗⃗ ×B
|A ⃗⃗ |
1. 𝐀𝐁𝐂 wÎfz‡Ri kxl©Îq 𝐀 (𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑), 𝐁(𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟏) Ges 𝐂(𝟑, 𝟏, 𝟐) n‡j, †f±i c×wZ‡Z 𝐀𝐁𝐂
wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎফj wb©Yq Ki|
mgvavb:
OA = î + 2ĵ + 3k̂,
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
OB = 2î + 3ĵ + k̂,
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
OC = 3î + ĵ + 2k̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
AB = î + ĵ − 2k̂;
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
AC = 2î − ĵ − k̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
1
 ∆ABC = |AB
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ AC
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |
2
î ĵ k̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ AC
GLb, AB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = |1 1 −2|
2 −1 −1
= î(−1 − 2) − ĵ(−1 + 4) + k̂(−1 − 2)
= −3î − 3ĵ − 3k̂
1
 ∆ABC = √(−3)2 + (−3)2 + (−3)2 eM© GKK
2
3√3
= eM© GKK (𝐴𝑛𝑠)
2
2. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑨𝑩 = 𝟑𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂ − 𝒌 ̂ Ges ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂ n‡j 𝑨𝑩 I 𝑨𝑪 †K mwbœwnZ evû a‡i AswKZ
𝑨𝑪 = 𝟓𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂ + 𝟐𝒌
mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki|
910
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
mgvavb: 𝐴𝐵 × 𝐴𝐶 = |3 2 −1| = 3𝑖̂ − 11̂𝑗 − 13𝑘̂
5 −1 2
∴ 𝐴𝐵I 𝐴𝐶†K mwbœwnZ evû a‡i AswKZ mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †ÿÎdj, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × 𝐴𝐶
|𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | =
√32 + (11)2 + (−13)2 = √299
3. †f±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ cÖgvY Ki, wÎfy‡Ri ga¨gvÎq ci¯•‡ii mgwe›`y Ges Zv‡ì †Q`we›`y‡Z ga¨gv 2 :
1 Abycv‡Z wef³ nq.
DËi : †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, wÎfy‡Ri ga¨gvÎq ci¯•‡ii mgwe›`y Ges Zv‡ì †Q`we›`y‡Z ga¨gv 2 t 1 Abycv‡Z
wef³ nq|
cÖgvY : g‡b Kwi, A, B, C we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i h_vµ‡g a, b I c Ges BC, CA I AB evû¸‡jvi
ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g D, E I F
C
E D
O
A
F B
1 1
Zvn‡j, D we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i ( b  c) Ges E we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i (a  c)
2 2
g‡b Kwi, O we›`y Øviv AD †iLv k t 1 Abycv‡Z wef³ nq| Zvn‡j, O we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i,
2a  k (b  c)
..................... (i)
2(k  1)
Avevi, †h we›`y Øviv BE †iLv k t 1 Abycv‡Z wef³ nq, Zvi Ae¯’vb †f±i,
2 b  k (c  a )
................... (ii)
2(k  1)
(i) I (ii) bs GKB we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i n‡e, hw` k = 2 mg‡KvY nq; myZivs, k = 2 n‡j, AD I
1
BE ga¨gvØq O we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡e Ges O we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i (a  b  c) ;
3
1
Abyiƒcfv‡e †`Lv‡bv hvq, CF ga¨gv †h we›`y‡Z 2 t 1 Abycv‡Z wef³ Zvi Ae¯’vb †f±i (a  b  c)
3
myZivs, wÎfy‡Ri ga¨gvÎq mgwe›`y Ges Zv‡ì †Q`we›`y‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K ga¨gv 2 t 1 Abycv‡Z wef³ nq|
(cÖgvwYZ)
911
4. PQR wÎfy‡R QR, RP I PQ evûÎ‡qi ga¨we›`y L, M I N n‡j †`LvI †h,
PL  QM  RN  0 .
DËi : PQR G QR, RP I PQ evûÎ‡qi ga¨we›`y L, M I N n‡j †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h,
mgvavb : PQL G, wÎfyRmÎ n‡Z cvB,

1
PL  PQ  QL = PQ  QR ............. (i)
2
PRN G PN  PR  RN
1
ev, RN  PN  PR = PQ  PR ................ (ii)
2
N M
Q L R
Ges, PQM G PM  PQ  QM
1
ev, QM  PM  PQ = PR  PQ ................ (iii)
2
GLb, (i), (ii) I (iii) bs mgxKiY †hvM K‡i cvB,

PL  RN  QM
1 1 1
= PQ  QR  PQ  PR  PR  PQ
2 2 2
1 1 1
= QR  PQ  PR
2 2 2
912
=
1
2
 1 1 1
PQ  QR  RP = PR  PR = 0
2 2 2
 PL  QM  RN  0 (cÖgvwYZ)
5. cÖgvY Ki, GKwU mvgvšwi‡Ki KY©Øq ci¯•i‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i.
DËi : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e, mvgvšwi‡Ki KY©Øq ci¯•i‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|

cÖgvY : awi, AB  a, AD  b
D C
b
O
A a B
GLb, ABD n‡Z, AD  DB  a

ev, b  DB  a
ev, DB  a  b
GLb DO  x(a  b) †hLv‡b x GKwU PjK|
Avevi, AC  AB  BC  a  b
myZivs, AO  y(a  b)
GLv‡b, y GKwU PjK|
AD  AO  OD  AO  DO
A_ev, b = y(a+b)  x((ab) = a(yx) + b(y+x)
 yx = 0, y+x = 1 [mnM mgxK…Z K‡i]
myZivs, y = x = 1
2
 =
 DO 1
(ab) = 1 
DB
2 2
=
Ges AO 1
(a + b) = 1 
AC
2 2
myZivs, O n‡jv BC I DB Gi ga¨we›`y|
A_©vr, mvgvšwi‡Ki KY©Øq ci¯•i‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
(cÖgvwYZ)
6. cÖgvY Ki †h, 2 î  ˆj  kˆ, î  3 ˆj  5 kˆ Ges 3 î  4 ˆj  4 kˆ †f±iÎq GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR Drcbœ K‡i.
913
. DËi : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, 2 iˆ  ˆj  kˆ, iˆ  3 ˆj  5 kˆ Ges 3iˆ  4 ˆj  4 kˆ †f±iÎq GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR
Drcbœ K‡i|
mgvavb :

g‡b Kwi, A  2 iˆ  ˆj  kˆ

B  iˆ  3 ˆj  5 kˆ

Ges C  3iˆ  4 ˆj  4 kˆ
 
A. B = AxBX + AyBy + Az B z
= 2.1 + (– 1) (– 3) + 1. (– 5)
=2+3–5=0

A= 22 + (– 1)2 + 12
= 4+1+1= 6

B = 12 + (– 3)2 + (– 5)2
= 1 + 9 + 25 = 35
 
A. B -GigaëZ©x †KvY  n‡j
 
A B cos 
 
A. B =
ev,0 = 6 35 cos 
ev, cos  = 0
  = cos–10 = 90

 
A I B -Gi AšM©Z †KvY = 90
 †f±iÎq GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR Drcbœ K‡i|

(cÖgvwYZ)
7. †f±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ cÖgvY Ki, wÎfy‡Ri †h †Kvb `yB evûi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLv Z…Zxq evûi A‡a©K
I Zvi mgvšivj.
DËi : †`Lv‡Z n‡e wÎfy‡Ri †h †Kvb `yB evûi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLv Z…Zxq evûi A‡a©K I Zvi mgvšivj|
cÖgvY : g‡b Kwi, ABC Gi AC I BC evûØ‡qi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLv DE, A we›`y‡K †f±i
gjwe›`y a‡i,
g‡b Kwi, AB  a , AC  b.
AB  BC  AC ev AC  AB  b  a
= BC
914
1 1
G¶‡Y, DC  AC  b
2 2
1 1
Ges EC  BC  (b  a )
2 2
Avevi, DE = DC  CE = DC  EC
1 1
= b  (b  a )
2 2
1 1
= a = AB
2 2
DE †iLv AB Gi A‡a©K I Zvi mgvšivj| (cÖgvwYZ)
8. .
DËi : †f±i c×wZ‡Z cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY GK mg‡KvY|
cÖgvY : g‡b Kwi, e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O Ges AB GKwU e¨vm Ges C cwiwai Dci GKwU we›`y|
C

b
A  O  B
a –a
   
awi, OA = a , OC = b , Zvn‡j
  
OA + AC = OC
  
=> a + AC = b
  
=> AC = b  a
  
Z`ª“c, BC = OC  OB
915
 
= b  ( a )
 
= b + a
GLb WU ¸Y wb‡q,
     
AC . BC = ( b  a ) . ( b + a )
       
= b . b  a .b + b .a  a . a
   
= b2  a2, †h‡nZz a . b = b . a
= 0 [ a = b = e¨vmva©]
myZivs, AC  BC
A_©vr, ACB = 90

AZGe, Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY GK mg‡KvY| (cÖgvwYZ)
9. ABC Gi BC evûi ga¨we›`y D n‡j †`LvI AB2 + AC2 = 2(AD2 + BD2).

DËi : ABC Gi BC evûi ga¨we›`y D n‡j †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, AB2 + AC2 = 2(AD2 + BD2).
mgvavb : A
B D C
g‡b Kwi,
†f±i gjwe›`y A mv‡c‡¶, B I C we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i 

b I
c
 AB  BD  AD
AC  CD  AD
†hvM K‡i cvB,
916
2AD  AB  AC ( BD I CD mgvb I wecixZgyLx)
 AD 
1
(b  c)
2
Avevi, BD  AD  AB 
1
2
 
bc b = 1
2
(c  b)
GLb, 2(AD2 + BD2) = 1

4
  2 1 2
2 b  c  c  b 
4 
 
[b2 + c2 + 2
b .
c + c2 + b2  2
b .
1
= c ] = b2 + c2
2
 2(AD2 + BD2) = AB2 + AC2 (cÖgvwYZ)
10.
   
ABCDE GKwU cÂfyR, AB  a, BC  b, CD  c Ges DE  d n‡j †`LvI AE  a  b  c  d .
DËi : †Ìqv Av‡Q, ABCDE GKwU cÂfyR, AB  a , BC  b, CD  c Ges DE  d n‡j †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h,
   
AE  a  b  c  d
cÖgvY : D
d c
E
C
b
A a B
ABCDE cÂfy‡R A g~jwe›`y| A, C; A, D †hvM Kwi|

GLb, ABC G †f±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ cvB,
AC  AB  BC =

a +
b
Avevi, ACD G AD  AC  CD =
a +
b +
c
Ges, ADE G AE  AD  DE =
a +
b +
c +
d
917
myZivs AE =
a +
b +
c +
d (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
ঘ। A(a1 , a2 , a3 ) I B(b1 , b2 , b3 ) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi †f±i mgxKiY, r = xi̇̂ + yj̇̂ + zk̂ =

a⃗ + t(b ⃗ , †hLv‡b t GKwU c¨vivwgUvi Ges a⃗ = a1 ̂i̇ + a2̂j̇ + a3 k̂ ; ⃗b =
⃗ − a⃗) = (1 − t)a⃗ + tb
b1 ̂i̇ + b2̂j̇ + b3 k̂
ঙ। w`K †KvmvBb (Direction Cosines): ⃗A = xi̇̂ + yj̇̂ + zk̂ †f±iwU X, Y, Z A¶ wZbwUi mv‡_
h_vµ‡g α, β, γ †KvY Drcbœ Ki‡j, Z
x A⋅i̇̂
cos α = = ,
√x2 +y2 +z2 A
y A⋅j̇̂ γ
A
cos β = = , β
√x2 +y2 +z2 A O Y
z ̂
A⋅k
cos γ = =
√x2 +y2 +z2 A
X
** wb‡Y©q †f±i →Gi †¶‡Î → ,→ I → Gi mgZjxq d‡j → Gi mv‡_ → Gi mgvšÍivj †f±i

𝑟 𝑟 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
†hvM Ki‡j Zv →I→Gi mgZjxq n‡e

𝑎 𝑏
⃗L=P
∴→=→ +𝒑 → ⃗L
𝒓 𝒂 𝒃
r
a
Avevi,
→, → Gi Dci j¤^ nIqvq → I → Gi WU ¸bb k~b¨ n‡e →. → = 0 Gici → †K Zvi gvb Øviv
𝑟 𝑎 𝑎 𝑟 𝑎 𝑟 𝑟
fvM Ki‡j cvIqv hv‡e GKK †f±i|
918
** 𝑖̂ abvÍK x,y I z A‡¶i mv‡_ 𝐴 = 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐴𝑦 + 𝐴𝑧 †f±‡ii ˆZwiK…Z †KvY,
𝐴𝑥 𝐴𝑦 𝐴𝑧
𝜃𝑥 = cos −1 ( ) , 𝜃𝑦 = cos −1 ( ) 𝜃𝑧 = cos −1 ( )
√𝐴2𝑥 +𝐴2𝑦 +𝐴2𝑧 √𝐴2𝑥 +𝐴2𝑦 +𝐴2𝑧 √𝐴2𝑥 +𝐴2𝑦 +𝐴2𝑧
2
(ii) 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0 ⇒ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = −𝑐 ⇒ (𝑎 + 𝑏) = (−𝑐)
2 2 2 2 2 2
⇒ |𝑎| + |𝑏| + 2𝑎𝑏 = |𝑐| ⇒ |𝑎| + |𝑏| + 2|𝑎||𝑏| cos 𝜃 = |𝑐|
(iii) 𝑎. 𝑏 = |𝑎||𝑏| cos 𝜃

𝑟 .𝑎⃗
𝜃𝑥 = cos −1 ; Abyiƒcfv‡e (i) Gi b¨vq †KvY wbY©q Kiv hvq|
𝑟𝑎
(𝐴.𝐵 ) (𝐴.𝐵 ) ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
𝐵
⃗ eivei 𝐴 Gi AskK, ⃗⃗⃗⃗
** 𝐵 𝐴𝑥 = ⃗ . 𝑖̂ = ⃗ . ⃗|
|𝐵| |𝐵| |𝐵
Ay ⃗A
Avevi, 𝐴 = 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐴𝑦
ev, 𝐴𝑦 = 𝐴 − 𝐴𝑥
Ax
GLb, B Gi j¤^ w`K eivei 𝐴 Gi AskK n‡jv 𝐴𝑦
∴𝑤
⃗⃗ = 𝐴𝑦 = 𝐴 − 𝐴𝑥
⃗⃗ .𝐴
𝑤 ⃗A
⃗y ⃗
A
Avevi, 𝑤
⃗⃗ Gi Dci 𝐴 Gi Dci Awf‡¶c = |𝑤
⃗⃗ | Ay
⃗⃗
B
(ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 𝑂𝐴 Ax
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵
Avevi, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 Gi GKK †f±i, = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|𝐴𝐵 |
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
** 𝑃𝑄 𝑂𝑄 − 𝑂𝑃⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
919
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ Gi mgvšÍiv‡j wb‡Y©q GKK †f±i = ±
𝑃𝑄 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |
|𝑃𝑄
[D‡jøL¨, (+) wPý w`‡q cÖ`Ë †f±†ii GKB w`‡K mgvšÍivj Z_v m`„k †f±i Ges (-) wPý w`‡q cÖ`Ë
†f±‡ii wecixZ w`‡K mgvšÍivj Z_v wem`„k †evSv‡bv nq]
1. |𝐚⃗ + 𝐛| = |𝐚⃗ − 𝐛| হলে ভেখাও ভে, 𝐚⃗ ও 𝐛 পেস্পে েম্ব। [𝐚⃗ ≠ 𝟎, 𝐛 ≠ 𝟎]

1 1 1
Sol ve: |a⃗ + ⃗b| = |a⃗ − ⃗b| বা, ⃗ + ⃗b| = |a⃗ − ⃗b| বা,
|a | (a⃗ + ⃗b)| =
2 2 2
1
| (a⃗ − ⃗b)|
2
1 1 1 1
⃗ = { (a⃗ + b
∴ a⃗. b ⃗ ) + (a⃗ − b
⃗ )} . { (a⃗ + b
⃗ ) − (a⃗ − b
⃗ )}
2 2 2 1
1 12 2
⃗ +B
= | (a + b)| − | (a − b)| = 0 [∵ (A ⃗ −B
⃗ ) . (A ⃗)=
2 2
A2 − B 2 ] ∴ a⃗b
⃗
2. ‡f±‡ii †¯‹jvi ev WU ¸Y‡bi mvnv‡h¨ Zv‡ì AšÍM©Z †KvY wbY©q:

Ex:
(i) A  2î  2ˆj  k̂ I B  2î  10ˆj  11k̂ ‡f±iØ‡qi AšÍf©~³ †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ?
13
Ans: cos-1 ( )
45
(ii) A ‡f±iwU AÿÎ‡qi mv‡_ †h ‡KvY Drcbœ K‡i, Zv wbY©q Ki|

2 2 1
Ans: cos-1 ( ) ; cos-1 ( ); cos-1 ( )
3 3 3
3.‡¯ªvZnxb Ae¯’vq 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝐦 cÖkšÍ GKwU b`x mvuZwi‡q GKRb †jvK 𝟒 wgwb‡U †mvRvmywR G‡K AwZµg
K‡i wKš‘ †¯ªv‡Z _vK‡j †m GKB c‡_ 𝟓 wgwb‡U G‡K AwZµg K‡i| †¯ªv‡Zi †eM wbY©q Ki|
920
mgvavb:
awi, u = †¯ªv‡Zi †eM, v = mvZvyi †eM
100
‡¯ªvZnxb Ae¯’vq, V = = 25 m/min
4
‡¯ªvZve¯’vq, jwä †iLv w = √𝑣 2 − 𝑢2
 √𝑣 2 − 𝑢2 × 5 = 100 𝑣 2 − 𝑢2 = (20)2  (25)2 − 𝑢2 = 400

 u = 15m/min (𝐴𝑛𝑠)
4. hw` 𝐚̲ + 𝐛 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 Ges |𝐚| = 𝟑, |𝐛| = 𝟓, |𝐜| = 𝟕 nq, Zvn‡j 𝐚 Ges 𝐛 Gi gaëZ©x †KvY
wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb:
‡Ìqv Av‡Q, a + b + c = 0
a + b = −c
awi,
a I b Gi gaëZ©x †KvY = θ
myZivs (|a|)2 + (|b|)2 + 2. |a|. |b|. cosθ = (|c|)2
 32 + 52 + 235cosθ = 72
72 − 32 − 52 1
 cosθ = =
235 2
−1 1 𝜋
𝜃 = cos ( ) = (𝐴𝑛𝑠)
2 3
5. 𝐀 ̂ ; 𝐁
⃗ = 𝟑𝐢̇̂ − 𝟒𝐣̇̂ + 𝐤 ̂ ভেক্টেদ্বলয়ে অন্তেভক্ত
⃗⃗ = −𝐢̇̂ + ̂𝐣̇ + 𝟑𝐤 ণ ভকার্ ভির্ণয় কে।
⃗⃗ .B
A ⃗⃗
cos  = ⃗⃗ ||B⃗⃗ |
|A
3×(−1)+(−4)×1+1×3
=
√32 +(−4)2 +1√(−1)2 +12 +32
−3−4+3
=
√26√11
4
=−
√286
921
4
∴  = cos −1 (− ) (𝐴𝑛𝑠)
√286
̂ Ges 𝒃 = 𝟑𝒊̂ − 𝟐𝒋̂ + 𝟑𝒌

6. hw` 𝒂 = 𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂ + 𝟑𝒌 ̂ nq Z‡e 𝒂 × 𝒃 Gi gvb wb©Yq Ki|
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
mgvavb: 𝑎 × 𝑏 = |1 2 3|
3 −2 1
= 8𝑖̂ + 8𝑗̂ − 8𝑘̂
∴ |𝑎 × 𝑏| = √(8)2 + (8)2 + (−8)2
= √192
= 8√3 (𝐴𝑛𝑠)
   
7. A  2 î  2 ĵ  k̂ I B  6 î  3 ĵ  2k̂ n‡j A I B Gi AšM©Z †KvY KZ.
   
DËi : A  2î  2 ĵ  k̂ Ges B  6î  3 ĵ  2k̂ Gi Rb¨ A I B Gi AšM©Z †KvY †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q,
 
A  2î  2 ĵ  k̂ Ges B  6î  3 ĵ  2k̂
g‡b Kwi, ga¨Kvi †KvY 

 
Zvn‡j, A.B  AB cos 

GLb, A = A
= 2 2  2 2  (1) 2
= 4  4 1 = 3

B = B
= 36  9  4
= 49 =7

Ges A.B = AxBx + AyBy + AzBz
922
= 2.6 + 2(3) + (1).2
= 12  6  2 = 4
myZivs, 4 = 3.7 cos 
ev, cos  = 4
21
= cos 1
4
21
 wb‡Y©q †KvY cos 1

4
(Ans.)
21
     
8. hw` a  î + 2 ĵ  3k̂ , b = 3 î  ĵ + 2k̂ nq Z‡e, 2a  b Ges a  2b Gi Ašt¯’‡KvY wbY©q Ki.
     
DËi : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a  î + 2 ĵ  3k̂ Ges b  3î – ĵ 2k̂ ; 2a  b I a  2b Gi Ašt¯’‡KvY wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|

mgvavb : a  î  2 ĵ  3k̂

b  3î  ĵ  2k̂

 
2a  b = 2î  4 ĵ  6k̂  + 3î  ĵ  2k̂ 
= 5î  3 ĵ  4k̂
Ges
 
a  2b = î  2ˆj – 3k̂  + 6î  ĵ  4k̂ 
= 7 î  k̂
   
awi, 2a  b Ges a  2b Gi Ašt¯’‡KvY 
myZivs Avgiv cvB,
   
2a  b . a  2b  = 2a  b a  2b cos
ev, 5î  3 ĵ  4k̂  . 7î  k̂  = 52 + 32 + (– 4)2 72 + 12 cos

ev, 35 – 4 = 25 + 9 + 16 49 + 1 cos
ev, 31 = 50 50 cos
31
ev, cos = 50
923
31
  = cos–1 50 (Ans.)
 
9. 2 î  ĵ  2k̂ †f±iwU A‡¶i mv‡_ †h †KvY¸wj Drcbœ K‡i, Zv wbY©q Ki.

. DËi : 2î  ĵ  2k̂ †f±iwU A‡¶i mv‡_ †h †KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zv wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|

mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, cÖ`Ë †f±i, a  2î  ĵ  2k̂

Ges, x A¶ eivei †f±i, b  î

†f±i 
a I b Gi AšM©Z †KvY  n‡j,

a.b
cos    

2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ . iˆ 2


a b 9 3
= cos 1
2
3

g‡b Kwi, y A¶ eivei †f±i c  ĵ
†f±i 
a I 
c Gi Ašf©³ †KvY  n‡j

a.c
cos     

2î  ĵ  2k̂ . ĵ

1 
a c 9 3
 1
   cos 1   
 3
2
Abyiƒcfv‡e cÖ`Ë †f±i I z A‡¶i Ašf©³ †KvY cos 1
3
(Ans.)
   
10. A  2 î + 2 ĵ  k̂ Ges B  î + 3 ĵ  2k̂ n‡j, AB a‡i gaëZ©x †KvY wbY©q Ki.
DËi : †Ìqv Av‡Q,

A  2î + 2 ĵ  k̂ Ges

B  î  3 ĵ  2k̂
 
A B a‡i gaëZ©x †KvY wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
924
    
mgvavb : Avgiv Rvwb, A B = AB sin  †hLv‡b  n‡jv †f±iØ‡qi gaëZ©x †KvY Ges  n‡jv A I

B Z‡ji Dci j¤^|
  
 AB = AB sin  n = AB sin
 
AB  
ev, sin = [|  | = 1, KviY  GKwU GKK †f±i]
AB
î ĵ k̂

GLb, A B = 2 2 1
1 3 2
= î (4 – 3) – ˆj (4 – 1) + k̂ (6 – 2)
= î  3 ĵ  4k̂
 
 A  B = 12 + 32 + 42 = 26

A = A = 22 + 22 + 12 = 3

B = B = 12 + 32 + 22 = 14
26
 sin =
3 14
 26 
  = sin–1   (Ans.)
3 14
925

Chapter 2 Ok

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Aa¨vq-02 (‡f±i)

⃗ Gi j¤^ eivei 𝐴Gi AskK ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

A we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i OA = 0.î  1. ĵ  2.k̂

B we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i OB =  î  3 ĵ

C we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i OC = î  ĵ  k̂

=  î  3 ĵ ĵ  2k̂ 

= î  ĵ  k̂   ĵ  2k̂ 

10. hw` A = 2i − j + 3k, B = 3i + 4j − 5k nq, Zvn‡j B †f±‡ii Dci A †f±‡ii Awf‡ÿc

B †f±‡ii w`‡K A †f±‡ii j¤^ Awf‡¶c wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|

2. hw` (𝒂𝒊 + 𝒃𝒋 + 𝒌) × (𝟐𝒊 + 𝟐𝒋 + 𝟑𝒌) = 𝒊 − 𝒋 nq, Z‡e a Ges b Gi gvb wbY©q

Dfq c‡ÿ 𝑖 I 𝑗 Gi mnM mgxK…Z Ki‡j 3𝑏 − 2 = 1, 3𝑎 − 2 = 1, 2𝑎 − 2𝑏 = 0

3. 2 î  ĵ  k̂ I î  2 ĵ  k̂ †f±iØ‡qi j¤^ GKK †f±i †ei Ki.

BnvB wb‡Y©q GKK †f±i| (Ans.)

A  3î  2 ĵ  2k̂ ; B  î  ĵ  4k̂ n‡j-

(i) A Ges B Gi jwä †f±‡ii mgvšÍivj GKK †f±i

mgvavb : g‡b Kwi,

†f±i wZbwU GKB mgZ‡j _vK‡j Avgiv cvB,

ev, 2 ( 12 – 2a ) – (3a – 11) = 0

 a Gi gvb 5 n‡j cÖ`Ë †f±iÎq GKB mgZ‡j _vK‡e|

DËi : †f±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,

  a  b. a  b a

ev, c2 = a2  2ab cos C + b2

 a . b  = î  ĵ  k̂  . î  ĵ  k̂ 

9. 𝐚 Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ ⃗𝑨 ⃗ , ⃗𝑩

̅ = 𝟐𝐢̂ − 𝟑𝐣̂ − 𝐤̅ Ges 𝐐

2. P(x1 , y1 , z1 ) I Q(x2 , y2 , z2 ) `yBwU we›`y n‡j,

√32 + (11)2 + (−13)2 = √299

DËi : PQR G QR, RP I PQ evûÎ‡qi ga¨we›`y L, M I N n‡j †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h,

mgvavb : PQL G, wÎfyRmÎ n‡Z cvB,

GLb, (i), (ii) I (iii) bs mgxKiY †hvM K‡i cvB,

5. cÖgvY Ki, GKwU mvgvšwi‡Ki KY©Øq ci¯•i‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i.

DËi : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e, mvgvšwi‡Ki KY©Øq ci¯•i‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|

GLb, ABD n‡Z, AD  DB  a

 †f±iÎq GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR Drcbœ K‡i|

DE †iLv AB Gi A‡a©K I Zvi mgvšivj| (cÖgvwYZ)

A_©vr, ACB = 90

9. ABC Gi BC evûi ga¨we›`y D n‡j †`LvI AB2 + AC2 = 2(AD2 + BD2).

†f±i gjwe›`y A mv‡c‡¶, B I C we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i 

†hvM K‡i cvB,

GLb, 2(AD2 + BD2) = 1

 2(AD2 + BD2) = AB2 + AC2 (cÖgvwYZ)

ABCDE cÂfy‡R A g~jwe›`y| A, C; A, D †hvM Kwi|

ঘ। A(a1 , a2 , a3 ) I B(b1 , b2 , b3 ) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi †f±i mgxKiY, r = xi̇̂ + yj̇̂ + zk̂ =

** wb‡Y©q †f±i →Gi †¶‡Î → ,→ I → Gi mgZjxq d‡j → Gi mv‡_ → Gi mgvšÍivj †f±i

†hvM Ki‡j Zv →I→Gi mgZjxq n‡e

fvM Ki‡j cvIqv hv‡e GKK †f±i|

(iii) 𝑎. 𝑏 = |𝑎||𝑏| cos 𝜃

†f±‡ii wecixZ w`‡K mgvšÍivj Z_v wem`„k †evSv‡bv nq]

1. |𝐚⃗ + 𝐛| = |𝐚⃗ − 𝐛| হলে ভেখাও ভে, 𝐚⃗ ও 𝐛 পেস্পে েম্ব। [𝐚⃗ ≠ 𝟎, 𝐛 ≠ 𝟎]

2. ‡f±‡ii †¯‹jvi ev WU ¸Y‡bi mvnv‡h¨ Zv‡`i AšÍM©Z †KvY wbY©q:

(ii) A ‡f±iwU AÿÎ‡qi mv‡_ †h ‡KvY Drcbœ K‡i, Zv wbY©q Ki|

‡¯ªvZve¯’vq, jwä †iLv w = √𝑣 2 − 𝑢2

 √𝑣 2 − 𝑢2 × 5 = 100 𝑣 2 − 𝑢2 = (20)2  (25)2 − 𝑢2 = 400

̂ Ges 𝒃 = 𝟑𝒊̂ − 𝟐𝒋̂ + 𝟑𝒌

∴ |𝑎 × 𝑏| = √(8)2 + (8)2 + (−8)2

g‡b Kwi, ga¨Kvi †KvY 

 wb‡Y©q †KvY cos 1

ev, 5î  3 ĵ  4k̂  . 7î  k̂  = 52 + 32 + (– 4)2 72 + 12 cos

9. 2 î  ĵ  2k̂ †f±iwU A‡¶i mv‡_ †h †KvY¸wj Drcbœ K‡i, Zv wbY©q Ki.

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mgvavb : PQL G, wÎfyRmÎ n‡Z cvB,

5. cÖgvY Ki, GKwU mvgvšwi‡Ki KY©Øq ci¯•i‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i.

DËi : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e, mvgvšwi‡Ki KY©Øq ci¯•i‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|

DE †iLv AB Gi A‡a©K I Zvi mgvšivj| (cÖgvwYZ)

†f±i gjwe›`y A mv‡c‡¶, B I C we›`yi Ae¯’vb †f±i 