Direct Design Method

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(Design of Two Slab)
Reinforced Concrete II
CENG 411

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

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Example 1
 For the flat plate slab shown below, the slab is subjected to WL= 3 kN/m2 and
WD=2.5 kN/m2 (including self-weight), Columns dimensions are (400x400)
mm. find:
 1. Longitudinal distribution of the total static moment (factored loads) for
interior longitudinal frame.
 2. Longitudinal distribution of the total static moment (factored loads) for
exterior transverse frame.

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

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 Solution:
 Wu=1.2D+1.6L
 Wu=1.2(2.5) +1.6(3) =7.8 kN/m2
 1. Longitudinal distribution of the
total static moment at factored loads
for interior longitudinal frame.

Longitudinal Interior Frame

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4 Distribution of Static Moment

 Distribute the static moment (152.88 kN.m) into

+ve and –ve moments.
 Longitudinal distribution
➢ For interior span:
➢ +ve moment at center of span = 0.35Mo
=0.35*152.88=53.508 kN.m
➢ -ve moment at face of support = 0.65Mo
=0.65*152.508=99.37 kN.m

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 For exterior (end) span:

 Moment for Interior negative at the face of
support = 0.7*Mo = 0.7*152.88 = 107.016 kN.m
 Positive moment at the center of span = 0.52*Mo
=0.52*152.88 = 79.497 kN.m
 Moment for exterior negative at face of support =
0.26*Mo = 0.26*152.88=39.7488 kN.m

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6

Longitudinal distribution of the total static moment (kN.m)

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Longitudinal distribution of the total static moment (kN.m)

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

8 Longitudinal distribution of the total static moment

Longitudinal Interior Frame

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411
 9 Distribute the span moment (66.019 kN.m)
 Longitudinal distribution
 For interior span:
➢ +ve moment at center of span=0.35Mo =0.35*66.019=23.1 kN.m
➢ -ve moment at face of support=0.65Mo =0.65*66.019=42.9 kN.m
 For exterior (end) span:
➢ Interior negative moment = 0.7*Mo =0.7*66.019=46.21 kN.m
➢ Positive moment = 0.52*Mo=0.52*66.019=34.33 kN.m
➢ Exterior negative moment=0.26*Mo=0.26*66.019=17.16 kN.m

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10 Longitudinal distribution of static moment

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 Lateral distribution of
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longitudinal moment

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 Having distributed the total factored static moment (Mo) to
the positive and negative moment as described previously
example, the designer still must distribute each of positive
and negative moments into the column strip and middle
strip for each design frame.
 The longitudinal moment values mentioned in the
previous section are for the entire width of the equivalent
building frame.
 This frame width is the sum of the widths of two half
column strips and two half-middle strips of two
adjacent panels, as shown in Fig.
 The lateral (transverse) distribution of the longitudinal
moments to the middle and column strips is a function of
the
 1. Relative stiffness of parallel beam (αf),
 2. The ratios of ℓ2/ℓ1,
 3. Torsional stiffness of torsional member (C) and
 4. Relative stiffness for Torsional member (βt).

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 A column strip is a design strip with a width on each side of a column centerline equal to
lesser of 0.25ℓ1 or 0.25ℓ2. A column strip should include beams with in if presented. ACI
Code (8.4.1.5).

 A middle strip is a design strip bounded by two column strip. ACI Code (8.1.4.6)

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Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

 15 Interior negative factored moments in the column strip

 Column strip shall be proportioned to resist the following

portions in percent of interior negative factored moments
ACI Code (8.10.5.1).
 Note: The linear interpolation for transverse distribution of
interior negative moment between the column strips can be
based on the following equation:
 Negative MC.S interior = C.S *-M interior
 The portion of negative and positive factored moments not
resisted by column strips shall be proportionately assigned
to corresponding half middle strips ACI Code (8.10.6.1).
 Negative MM.S interior = Minterior - Negative MC.S interior

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16 Positive factored moments in the column strip (for all spans)

 Column strips shall be proportioned to

resist the following portions in percent of
positive factored moments ACI Code
(8.10.5.5).

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

17 Exterior negative factored moments in the column strip

 Column strip shall be proportioned to

resist the following portions in percent of
exterior negative factored moment.

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Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

19 Torsional constant (C)
 The constant C is calculated by dividing the section into its component rectangles, each having smaller
dimension x and larger dimension y, and summing the contributions of all the parts by mean of the equation:

 The maximum value normally is obtained when wider rectangle is made as long as possible. Thus, the
rectangular chosen in Figure (b) above will give larger C than those in Figure (c).

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20 Slabs with beam
 Beams between supports shall resist the portion of column strip Mu in accordance with
Table 8.10.5.7.1.

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Example 2
 Design an intermediate floor of a flat slab system having thickness h= 200 mm
as shown in the Figure. The slab is subjected to WL= 3 kN/m2 and WD=2.5
kN/m2 (including self-weight), Columns dimensions are (400x400) mm.
 Take 𝑓𝑐′ = 28 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑦 = 420 𝑀𝑃𝑎

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22 Solution:
 Frame A
 Wu=1.2D+1.6L
 Wu=1.2(2.5) +1.6(3) =7.8 kN/m2
B
 1. Frame A distribution of the total
static moment
A

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

23 Distribution of Static Moment

 Distribute the static moment (152.88 kN.m) into

+ve and –ve moments.
 Frame A distribution of the total static
moment
➢ For interior span:
➢ +ve moment at center of span = 0.35Mo
=0.35*152.88=53.508 kN.m
➢ -ve moment at face of support = 0.65Mo
=0.65*152.508=99.37 kN.m

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 For exterior (end) span:

 Moment for Interior negative at the face of
support = 0.7*Mo = 0.7*152.88 = 107.016 kN.m
 Positive moment at the center of span = 0.52*Mo
=0.52*152.88 = 79.497 kN.m
 Moment for exterior negative at face of support =
0.26*Mo = 0.26*152.88=39.7488 kN.m

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Fame A distribution of the total static moment (kN.m)

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Frame A distribution of the total static moment (kN.m)

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

27 Frame B
 Wu=1.2D+1.6L
 Wu=1.2(2.5) +1.6(3) =7.8 kN/m2
 1. Frame B distribution of the total static
moment B
 𝑙𝑛 = 6 − 0.4 = 5.6 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 0.65𝑙1 = 3.9 𝑚
 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑛 = 5.6 𝑚 A
5 0.4
 𝑙2 = + = 2.7 𝑚
2 2
7.8∗5.62 ∗(2.7)
 𝑀𝑜 = = 82.56 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8

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28 Distribute the span moment (66.019 kN.m)
 Longitudinal distribution
 For interior span:
➢ +ve moment at center of span=0.35Mo =0.35* 82.56 =28.89 kN.m
➢ -ve moment at face of support=0.65Mo =0.65* 82.56 = 53.66 kN.m
 For exterior (end) span:
➢ Interior negative moment = 0.7*Mo =0.7* 82.56 = 57.79 kN.m
➢ Positive moment = 0.52*Mo=0.52* 82.56 = 42.93 kN.m
➢ Exterior negative moment=0.26*Mo=0.26* 82.56 = 21.47 kN.m

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29 Frame B distribution of static moment

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30 Column Strips and Middle Strips
 For Interior Frame A
 ½ Column strip width, C.S = lesser of
0.25ℓ1 or 0.25ℓ2
 ½ C.S = 0.25* 5 =1.25 m Column Strip
B Middle Strips
 Middle strip Width, M.S= 5 – 2.5 = 2.5 m
½ Middle Strip
 ½ Middle Strip = 0.5 x 2.5 = 1.25 m
A Column Strips
 For Exterior Frame B
 ½ Column strip width C.S = lesser of ½ Middle Strip
0.25ℓ1 or 0.25ℓ2
 ½ C.S = 0.25* 5 + 0.5* 0.4 =1.45 m
 Middle strip Width, M.S = 2.7 – 1.45 =
1.25 m

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Frame A

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Frame B

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