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6b Welded Connection Dec 2023
6b Welded Connection Dec 2023
Weld
Connection
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What Is Welding?
Welding is a fabrication process that uses heat, pressure, or both to fuse two or more parts together, forming a joint as the parts
cool. The parts that are joined are known as base material. The material that is added to form the joint is called a filler or
consumable.
Most welding done today falls into one of two categories: arc welding and torch welding.
Arc welding uses an electrical arc to melt the work materials as well as a filler material (sometimes called the welding
rod) for welding joints.
Feeding the filler into the welding joint takes steady hands and an eye for detail. As the rod melts, the welder must
continuously feed the filler into the joint using small, steady, back-and-forth motions. These motions are what give
welds their distinctive appearance. Going too fast or slow, or holding the arc too close or far away from the material
can create poor welds.
Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW or stick welding), gas metal arc welding (more commonly known as a metal
inert gas, or MIG welding), and gas tungsten arc welding (frequently called tungsten inert gas, or TIG, welding) all
exemplify arc welding.
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Advantages Of Welding
•Welded joint has high strength, sometimes more than the parent metal.
•Different material can be welded.
•Welding can be performed anyplace, no need enough clearance.
•They give smooth appearance and simplicity in design.
•They can be done in any shape and any direction.
•It can be automated.
•Provide a complete rigid joint.
•Addition and modification of existing structures are easy.
Disadvantage Of Welding
•Members may become distorted due to uneven heating and cooling during welding.
•They are permanent joint, to dismantle we have to break the weld.
•High initial investment.
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Types of Welds
Full penetration BUTT weld in Full penetration Partial penetration
which there is a complete
penetration and fusion of weld
and parent metal throughout
the thickness of the joint. Butt joint
Types of Welds
A FILLET weld is a weld of approximately
triangular cross-section applied to the surface
profile of the plates. No edge preparation is
needed.
Therefore, fillet welds are usually cheaper than
butt welds.
Fillet Weld Butt Weld
Slot Weld
Corner joint Lapped joint
Electrodes
Plug Weld
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Fillet Weld
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sw
Parent metal
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½ volume of weld
Direction that
weld is laid
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Simple method
PW = a pw (shear capacity per unit length of weld), BS Cl 6.8.7.3
Directional method
PL = a pw (longitudinal shear capacity per unit length of weld), BS Cl 6.8.7.3
a = effective throat size
L = effective weld length
pw = design strength of weld
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Transverse Plane PT
Simple method
PW = a pw (shear capacity per unit length of weld), BS Cl 6.8.7.3
Directional method
PT = K a pw (transverse shear capacity per unit length of weld), BS Cl 6.8.7.3
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Comparison of Fillet Weld Under
Longitudinal and Transverse Shear Load
PW or PT Throat Line
θ = 45º
θ = 45º
PW or PL
a
1.5
K=1.25 2 0
o =1.25
1+cos 45
Simple Method Assume equal L in both loading conditions
PW = a pw
Directional Method
PL = a pw For the same weld, its transverse
PT = K a pw = 1.25PL shear capacity is higher.
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1st deposit
2nd deposit
Example 6.8
Given S275 steel with E35 electrode. Area of tie, A = 100×8 = 800mm2. Design the
weld such that the connection fails by tensile rupture of the tie.
Simple Method
F < L a pw a > F/(L pw)
amin = 220/(200x220x10-3) = 5mm s = 1.4a = 7mm (Use 7.0mm weld minimum)
Example 6.9
Given S275 steel with E35 electrode. Area of tie, A = 100×8 = 800mm2. Design using s = 6 mm welds
such that the connection fails by tensile rupture of the tie.
Simple Method
F < (100+2beff) a pw beff > F/(2a pw) - 50
beff = 220/(2x0.924) - 50 = 69mm b = beff + s = 75mm (Use b = 75mm)
Directional method
F < 100K a pw + 2beff a pw beff > F/(2a pw) - 50K
beff = 220/(2x0.924) - 50x1.25 = 56.5mm b = beff + s = 62mm (Use b = 65 mm)
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Example 6.9
Given S275 steel with E35 electrode. Area of tie, A = 100×8 = 800mm2.
Design using s = 6 mm welds such that the connection fails by tensile rupture
of the tie.
Simple Method ( Both formula longitudinal and transverse are the same) ( PW = a pw ) so we just add them
Simple Method ( Both formula longitudinal PW = a pw and transverse PT = K a pw are not the same) so we just calculate them add them
Solution:
Assume 5 mm welding leg length fillet weld but not less than 3 mm [cl. 6.7.2]
Factored load = 1.460+1.640 = 148 kN
Load on one angle (Fu) = 148/2 = 74 kN
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l1
F1
36 1 mm
A A 74 kN
14
F2
l2
F1 and F2 can be arranged, so that Fu can pass through the centroid of the angle
to avoid eccentricity
MA-A = 0; 36F1 =14F2…………………...(i)
Fx-x = 0, F1+F2 =74 …………………...(ii)
Solving these two Equations, F1 = 20.72 kN and F2 = 53.27 kN
55 mm
l1e S
10 Cl. 6.7.2
10
l2e S
135 mm
Weld detail
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y
Mz = 0.1(100+120–cx)kNm
160 x Corner weld around
160 x
the back of plate
cx
cx
120 B A
Geometrical properties of the weld group
Assume a minimum weld of > 2s around the corners Iyy= (160)(362) + 2(1203/12)
Length of weld, L = (160 + 120 + 120) = 400 mm2, + 2(120)(242)
Center of welding length, Take moment about AB line, = 0.63×106 mm4
xc =[12060+12060]/400 = 36 mm Polar moment of inertia of the weld
Moment of inertia of welding, group,
Ixx= 1603/12+ (120802)2 =1.88106 mm4 Ip = Ixx + Iyy = 2.51×106 mm4
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100kN
Maximum stresses occur in weld furthest from the C.G of C D
the weld group (at point B or D),
At D, shear due to torsion, FT =Mr D/ Ip y FS
FT
rD FR
rD =(842+802)0.5 =116 mm;
FT =MrD / Ip = (18.4103)116 / = 2.51×106 β Mz = 18.4kNm
x
= 0.85036 kN/mm 160
At D, shear due to direct shear, FS=100/400 cx
=0.25 kN/mm
=tan-1 (80/84)=43.60280 A B
Directional method
S275 steel
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Simple method
pw = 220N/mm2 regardless of the class of electrode used since S275 steel is used (Table 37)