William II 'Dropping the Pilot' - Tenniel.

Kaiser William II
Punch 29 March 1890 Started overseas expansion and built dreadnoughts

Bismarck resigned in 1890 and

Bismarck Kaiser William II adopted a less
Naval rivalry with
cautious foreign policy. Britain

Clash with France over Morocco and

further worsened their relations

Britain and France formed a military alliance

3. Colonial rivalry over Morocco 1. According to the cartoonist, what

foreign policy did Kaiser William
Before-And-After Images Show Widespread Devastation Of Morocco Earthquake | Insider News - YouTube
II adopt for Germany before
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OycYHUdAWfQ
WWI? Explain with clues from
the Source.
● How did their conflict worsen their relationship?

● How did their conflict threaten peace in Europe?

A British postcard Morocco

purporting to show what
would happen if the Kaiser
fulfilled his dream of
Germany’s “place in the
sun”.

The First Moroccan Crisis,1905-06 Entente Cordiale

1. What incident does the source refer The Entente Cordiale, an agreement
to? Suggest a clue from the source. between Britain and France, resolved a
(1+1) number of longstanding colonial
2. Which three countries were the disputes,
major players in the crisis? (3)
Britain gave a free hand to France in
3. Why were the three countries Morocco
involved in the crisis? Explain
your answer with reference to the
France gave a free had to Britain in
Source and using your own
knowledge. (4) Egypt

Entente Cordiale
 Entente Cordiale
The First Moroccan Crisis, 1905-06
established a diplomatic
understanding between the two ❑ In 1904, the Entente Cordiale was signed between Britain
countries, which however stopped and France under which France was given a free hand in
short of binding either to any Morocco.
military undertaking in
support of the other. ❑ Germany tried to keep French ambitions in check.

The First Moroccan Crisis, 1905-06 The First Moroccan Crisis, 1905-06
❑ The Kaiser declared Morocco independent. ❑ A conference was held.
What did it mean?
France should not enjoy the
exclusive right in Morocco.
Countries involved: France and Germany Conference
held in Spain involved 10 other countries
Every country should have the
right to trade with Morocco. ❑ Other countries were involved to decide the future of
Morocco.

The First Moroccan Crisis,1905-06

❑ France and Germany – rivalry over Morocco 1st Moroccan Crisis,1905-06
Britain and Austria-Hungary – supported their friends, Were the results detrimental to peace in Europe?
Britain -> France; Austria-Hungary -> Germany
❑ Morocco would come within the French sphere of influence.
The claim by France to exclusive or predominant control over What were the results?
a foreign area or territory.
Morocco became the French sphere of influence.
❏ Franco-German relations worsened.

Peace The Morocco Crisis: "Let men

see- whom shall I call on next?"
● Peace is an occurrence of harmony characterized by lack of violence,
conflict behaviors and the freedom from fear of violence Kaiser William II, the German
emperor
The cartoon was about the
results of the First Moroccan
Crisis.

call on - make use of someone

or something as a source of
help
 1. Did the representatives in the
conference support Kaiser
William II to declare Morocco
was independent? Explain your
answer with reference to the
Source.
The meeting in Spain ❏ In terms of the steps towards
WWI, the Moroccan Crisis,
1905 essentially
strengthened the Entente
Cordiale.
❏ Both Britain and France
thought that Germany was
aggressive.
❏ Both agreed to offer military
support to each other after the
First Moroccan Crisis.
Agadir Crisis
In 1911, Kaiser Wilhelm
II sent a German warship
to Agadir, Morocco to
project German power
and intimidates the
French
Agadir Crisis
❏The kaiser wanted to prevent France from occupying Morocco.
❏Britain was even more determined to support France and
oppose Germany
❏They didn’t want Germany to set up a naval base in Morocco
and it would threaten British naval supremacy
Germany had to back down because Britain said they would rather
fight than see France pushed around. Their fleet were even prepared
for war.
1st Moroccan Crisis, 1905-06
● France and Britain – felt the aggression of Germany
-> were closer and agreed to turn the Entente
Cordiale, 1904 into a military alliance.
Entente Cordiale – friendly agreement between France and
Britain.
In 1911 there was a second crisis in Morocco.
The Agadir Crisis 1911
(Second Moroccan Crisis)
Early in 1911 the Sultan,
the ruler of Morocco,
asked the French for
help in crushing a revolt
led by rebel tribesman.
Germany was certain that this
would be followed by a
French takeover. As soon as
the French occupied Fez, in
Morocco, the Kaiser sent a
gunboat, Panther, to the
Moroccan port of Agadir.
Consequences:
1. Germany were humiliated.
2. France and Britain drew closer.
 2nd Moroccan Crisis, 1911
2nd Moroccan Crisis, 1911
1. Countries involved
Were the results detrimental to peace in Europe?
Germany, France and Britain
No. Peacefully settled.
2. Germany and France – competed to have influence in
Morocco
No war -> did not upset peace in Europe
Britain – supported her ally, France
checked Germany’s influence in Morocco.

2nd Moroccan Crisis, 1911 2nd Moroccan Crisis, 1911

Were the results detrimental to peace in Europe?
Were the results detrimental to peace in Europe?
Yes. Bad feeling
Yes. Bad feeling
Germany – had to withdraw from Morocco because Britain
threatened to start war on Germany Britain and France – Germany was aggressive and they had to
work closer to stop Germany’s aggression.
Germany increased expenditure on naval development

Created more fear and suspicion.

(a) Name the person represented by the man in the cartoon. What
Task: Reliability Question
did he mean when he said the Entente Cordiale was rock but
How reliable is source A to a Historian
not paper? How did the Agadir incident make him hold such a
writing about the Agadir Crisis? view?
(6 marks) (1+2+2 marks)

(a) Suggest two consequences of the Agadir incident on

A British cartoon on the Agadir Crisis international relations. (2 marks)
from Punch, 2 August 1911. The
caption reads “Solid: “Donnerwetter!
Its rock. I thought it was going to be
paper.”

The colonial rivalry between France and Germany showed how An example of
imperialism worked to worsen their relationship. colonial rivalry

Imperialism Morocco

a policy or practice by which a country increases its

power by gaining control over other areas of the world

a policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or

nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding
colonies and dependencies.
PUNCH CARTOON from
March 1906 lampoons German
attempts to limit French control
of Morocco