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الفروض في البحث العلمي PDF
الفروض في البحث العلمي PDF
Abstract
The research methodology is a scientific process or way to obtain data that will be
used for research purposes. The methodology is also a theoretical analysis of a
method or method. referral needs Research is a systematic investigation to increase
the amount of knowledge, it is also a systematic and organized effort to investigate
certain problems that require answers. The nature of research can be understood by
studying various aspects that encourage research to conduct research. Required
referrals Everyone has different motivations, including influenced by their goals and
profession. Motivation and research objectives in general are basically the same,
namely that research is a reflection of human desires that always try to know
something. The desire to acquire and develop knowledge is a basic human need
which is generally a motivation for conducting research
Research hypotheses or commonly called research hypotheses are temporary
answers to research questions. So the researchers will hypothesize in their research,
which aims to make it a reference in determining the next step so that they can draw
conclusions on the research they are doing.
Quantitative research definitely requires a research hypothesis. While qualitative
research does not necessarily have a research hypothesis. Even if there is, in
qualitative research, the hypothesis that is made is a tentative hypothesis or also
called a hypothesis approximately.
Keywords: Methodology, hypotheses, and research
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VOLUME.3 NO.1 JUNI 2019 ISSN : 2599-0659
E-ISSN: 2657-0742
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VOLUME.3 NO.1 JUNI 2019 ISSN : 2599-0659
E-ISSN: 2657-0742
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VOLUME.3 NO.1 JUNI 2019 ISSN : 2599-0659
E-ISSN: 2657-0742
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VOLUME.3 NO.1 JUNI 2019 ISSN : 2599-0659
E-ISSN: 2657-0742
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VOLUME.3 NO.1 JUNI 2019 ISSN : 2599-0659
E-ISSN: 2657-0742
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VOLUME.3 NO.1 JUNI 2019 ISSN : 2599-0659
E-ISSN: 2657-0742
وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻔﺮوض ٨.اﻟﻔﺮوض واﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﱴ أﻣﻜﻦ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻴﻬﺎ
ﲨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮض ) . (Hipotesisواﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج اﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺆدي ﺑﻨﺎ
" "Hipotesisﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻴﻮ ﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﱵ إﱃ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﲔ "Hupo" :ﲟﻌﲎ .
ﻣﻮﻗﱠﺘﺔ أو أوّﻟﻴﺔ و " "Thesisﲟﻌﲎ إﺟﺎﺑﺔ وﲢﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻔﺮوض ﰱ إﻃﺎر ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ
أو ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ .واﻟﻔﺮض إﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻮﻗﺘﺔ و أوّﻟﻴﺔ ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺿﻌﻒ ﺻﺪﻗﻬﺎ اﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﺎج إﱃ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ واﻟﺘﻮﺧﻲ داﺧﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻋﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﲤﻨﻊ
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ﺻﺪﻗﻬﺎ. اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺪى ﻛﻤﺎ
ﻗﺎل ﺣﺴﻦ" ،اﻟﻔﺮض ﻫﻮ ﻋﺮض ﲤﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط وﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺤﺺ
أو إﺟﺎﺑﺔ أوﻟﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺑﺪ أن ﲣﺘﱪ ﺻﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﺮوﺿﺔ .إﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ
.وﻓﺮوض اﻟﺒﺤﺚ إﺟﺎ ت أوﻟﻴﺔ و ﺗﺒﺴﻴﻂ اﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ وﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ ووﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻣ َﻮﻗﱠﺘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ و ﻋﺎدة ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺮوض .
ﻟﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ اﺧﺘﺒﺎرﻫﺎ . وﻳﻼﺣﻆ وﺟﻮد ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻋﺪم
ﰲ ﲝﺚ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ،اﻟﻔﺮوض ﺗﻜﻮن ﲢﺪﻳﺪ اﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ووﺿﻮح اﻟﻔﺮوض أو
أﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﻷن ﲨﻊ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﻏﻤﻮﺿﻬﺎ .ﻓﺈذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ
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ﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺮوض ". ﺟﺪا ﻓﺈ ﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻏﺎﻣﻀﺔ وﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ
ﻗﺎل ﻛﻮﻫﲔ" ،اﻟﻔﺮض ﻣﻬﻢ ﺟﺪا اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻫﺎ وﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻤﻦ اﳌﻔﺮوض أن
ﰲ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ .ﺑﺪوﻧﻪ ،ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮن ﳛﺎول اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺘﻪ ،ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺎ
زادت درﺟﺔ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ اﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﲤﻜﻦ
٨ﷴ ﻣﲑ ﺣﺠﺎب ،ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ،ص ٢٥
9
Riduwan, Belajar Mudah Penelitian untuk اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﺮوﺿﻪ وﻣﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ
Guru-Karyawan dan Peneliti Pemula,
(Bandung: Alfabeta, 2005) P. 37
10
Hasan, M. Iqbal, Pokok-Pokok Materi
Metodologi Penelitian dan Aplikasinya,
(Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia, 2002) P.50
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VOLUME.3 NO.1 JUNI 2019 ISSN : 2599-0659
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اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ،وﻫﻨﺎك ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺮى أن اﻟﺘﻘﺪم ﰲ اﻟﻔﻬﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺧﻼل ﲨﻊ
اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻠﺰﻣﻮن إﱃ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ . اﳊﻘﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ .وﺑﺪون اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﳌﺮﺷﺪة
وﳍﺘﲔ ا ﻤﻮﻋﺘﲔ ﺣﺠﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ . ،ﻳﺼﻌﺐ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﳊﻘﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﱵ أرادﻫﺎ
ﻗﺎل آري ﰲ ﻋﻴﻨﲔ " ،ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن أن ﳚﻤﻌﻮﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺼﻌﺐ
ُﺣﺠﱠﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﺮوض اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ، ﺗﻌﻴﲔ اﳊﻘﺎﺋﻖ اﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ أم ﻏﲑ اﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ
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ﳘﺎ : ".
(١اﻟﻔﺮض ذو أﺳﺎس ﻗﻮي ﻳﺪل ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻃﺎﻟﻊ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ
ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﳌﻜﺘﺒﻴﺔ أو
واﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ا ﺎل اﳌﺒﺤﻮث ﻓﻴﻪ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ،ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎروا ﻣﺸﻜﻼت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
. وﻋﻴﱠﻨﻮﻫﺎ .و ﺑﻌ ُﺪ ،أﻟﱠُﻔﻮا ﻓﺮوض اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
(٢اﻟﻔﺮض ﻳﺮﺷﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﲟﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺒﺤﺚ .ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ
ﲨﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎ ت وﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ .ﻫﺬا ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ أن ﻳﻜﺘﺒﻮا ﻓﺮوض اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ؛
ﲟﻌﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ أن اﻟﻔﺮض ﻳﺮﺷﺪ ﻷ ﺎ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺟﺪا ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ
اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻋﻦ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﻫﻨﺎك ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺮى
اﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ وﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ أن ﻓﺮوض اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ
اﳌﺮﻛﻮﻣﺔ. اﻟﻜﻤﻲ .
ﻗﺎل ﻧﺰﻳﺮ" ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ، د .ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﻔﺮوض
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ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ ﻓﺮوض اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ : ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﺮوض اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﻨﺎك
(١إﻋﻄﺎء اﳊﺪود وﺗﺼﻐﲑ ﻣﺪّى ﺷﻲء ﺟﺪﱄ .ﻫﻨﺎك ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺮى أن
اﻟﺒﺤﺚ و ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﺮوض اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻻﺑﺪ أن ﻳﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ
12 11
Ainin, Moh., op. cit., P.38 Nazir, Moh., Metode Penelitian, (Bogor:
13
Nazir, Moh., op. cit., P.151 Ghalia Indonesia, 2011) P.151 Cet.7
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VOLUME.3 NO.1 JUNI 2019 ISSN : 2599-0659
E-ISSN: 2657-0742
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VOLUME.3 NO.1 JUNI 2019 ISSN : 2599-0659
E-ISSN: 2657-0742
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VOLUME.3 NO.1 JUNI 2019 ISSN : 2599-0659
E-ISSN: 2657-0742
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VOLUME.3 NO.1 JUNI 2019 ISSN : 2599-0659
E-ISSN: 2657-0742
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VOLUME.3 NO.1 JUNI 2019 ISSN : 2599-0659
E-ISSN: 2657-0742
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Ainin, Moh., Metodologi Penelitian
Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran Bahasa
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Arab – Teori dan Praktik. Op. Cit., P.128 Ibid., P.155
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VOLUME.3 NO.1 JUNI 2019 ISSN : 2599-0659
E-ISSN: 2657-0742
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VOLUME.3 NO.1 JUNI 2019 ISSN : 2599-0659
E-ISSN: 2657-0742
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VOLUME.3 NO.1 JUNI 2019 ISSN : 2599-0659
E-ISSN: 2657-0742
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