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Modeling H+ Concentrations

1. In the diagram below, how do the particle models show the acids were at the same initial concentrations
(molarity)?

2. Choose two acids with different pH values. In the empty boxes, show what may be happening to the
particles in each of the solutions to explain our observation that one acid produced a higher concentration of
H+ ions than another.

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3. What force interactions may be occurring between the atoms or molecules in these solutions that could
help explain how and why this happened? The force interactions that may be occurring between the atoms or
molecules in these solutions include ion-dipole forces, hydrogen bonds, and London dispersion forces. These
interactions help to explain how and why the acids dissolve in water. The results of these interactions can be
explained by the principle of chemical equilibrium, with the equilibrium constant for the dissolution of an acid
in water being determined by the concentrations of the ions in the solution. If the initial molarity of the
solutions is the same, and the acid is completely dissociated, then the concentration of H+ ions in each
solution will be the same.

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