SCIENCE-NOTES

PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1: PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND MEASUREMENT
Grade 7
2024-25
Q1) What are physical Quantities?
Ans Quantities that are measurable are called Physical quantities.
Q2) What are the different types of physical quantities?
Ans Physical quantities are divided into:
(1) Fundamental quantities and
(2) Derived quantities.

Q3) Explain Fundamental and Derived quantity.

Ans Physical quantities that are independent and cannot be expressed in terms of any other
physical quantities are called Fundamental quantities.
The physical quantities that are defined in terms of fundamental quantities are known as
derived quantities.
Q4) Give examples of fundamental and Derived units.
Fundamental quantity SI Unit
Length metre (m)
Mass kilogram (kg)
Time second (s)
Temperature Kelvin (K)

Derived quantity SI Unit

Area m2
Volume m3
Speed m/s
Density kg/m3

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Q5) Define Volume and state its SI unit.
Ans) The amount of space occupied by an object is called its volume.
The SI unit of volume is m3.
Q6) Mention some of the other units of volume.
Ans) Other units of volume are cm3, l, ml etc.
Q7) How would you calculate the volume of regular objects like a cube and a cuboid?
Ans) Volume of regular solids can be calculated using standard formulae.
Volume of a cube = length x length x length.

Volume of a cuboid = length x breadth x height

Q8) How would you measure the volume of liquids?

Ans) The volume of a liquid can be measured using measuring containers.
Q9) What do you understand by the term capacity?
Ans) The maximum volume of a liquid that can be stored in a container is called its capacity.

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 Q10) Distinguish between Capacity and Volume.
Capacity Volume
The maximum volume of a liquid that can be The amount of space occupied by an object
stored in a container is called its capacity. is its Volume.

The capacity of a container cannot be The volume of matter inside the container
changed. can be changed.
Q11) State the relationship between the different units of volume.
Ans) The relationship between different units of volume:
1 m3 = 106 cm3
1 cm3 = 10-6 m3
1 litre = 10-3 m3
1 mL = 1 cm3
1 m3 = 1000l
Q12) How would you measure the volume of an irregular object? Explain with the help of a
diagram.
Ans) The volume of an irregular solid (stone) can be measured by the following method:

1. Take a measuring cylinder with water to a particular level. Note its level as V1.
2. Immerse the irregular solid into the water and note the increase in the level of water as V2.
3. The difference in the level of water (V2 -V1) gives the volume of the irregular solid.
Q13) Define area and mention its SI unit.
Ans) Definition: The surface occupied by an object is called its area.
The SI unit of area is m2.
Q14) State the relationship between different units of area.

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 Ans) The relationship between different units of area:
1cm2 = 10-4 m2
1 km2 =106 m2
1 hectare = 104 m2
Q15) Mention the formulae for calculating the area of the following:
Ans) Area of some common shapes:

Shape Area
Square side2
Rectangle Length x breadth

Q16) How can you measure the area of an irregular shaped object?
Ans) The area of an irregular shape can be measured using a square centimetre grid or a graph
paper.

The area is equal to the sum of the no. of full squares + the no. of squares that are more than half
inside.
11 + 9 = 20cm2
Q 17) Define Density of a substance. State its SI unit.
Ans) Density is defined as the mass per unit volume of a substance.
𝐾𝑔
The SI unit of density is 𝑚3 or kgm-3
Q18) How is Density Calculated?
𝑀 𝑀
Ans) Density is calculated using the formula 𝐷 = 𝑉 , 𝑀 = 𝐷𝑉 and 𝑉 = 𝐷
where D is the density, M is the mass and V is the volume of the substance.

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Q19) Derive the relation between the SI unit and CGS unit of density.
Ans) The relationship between different units of density:
𝐾𝑔 1 𝑔
1 =
𝑚3 1000 𝑐𝑚3
𝑔 𝐾𝑔
1 3 = 1000 3
𝑐𝑚 𝑚
• Each substance has a unique density associated with it.
• The density of a substance helps to distinguish it from other substances.
• The density of a substance remains the same irrespective of its shape and size.

Q20) Explain how you will find the density of an irregular solid.
Ans) The density of an irregular solid (stone) can be measured by the following method:
1. The mass of the irregular solid (stone) is determined using a physical balance. Note it as M.
2. Find the volume of stone using a measuring cylinder. Note it as (V2 – V1)
3. Calculate the volume of the stone using the formula: D = M / (V2 – V1).
Q 21) Define speed. State its SI unit.
Ans) The distance travelled by a body in unit time is called its speed.
The SI unit of speed is m/s or ms-1
Q22) How can you calculate the speed of a body?
Ans) The speed of a moving can be calculated by the formula,
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
If D is the distance travelled, S is the speed, T is the time, then,
S = D/T, D = S x T, T = D/S
Q23) Write the relationship between km/hr and m/s.
Ans) The relationship between different units of speed:
𝑘𝑚 5 𝑚
1 =
ℎ 18 𝑠
Note: Read your textbook thoroughly and practise all the numerical.

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